RCAAP Repository

This thesis concerns to an interpretation of the historical situations lived by the Potiguara Indian people, inhabitant of the north cost of Paraíba-Brazil. The elaboration of ethnic boundaries, the cultural production, the land occupation processes and the social organization are analyzed according to the constitution of an inter-social field determined by the historical presence of several agencies, generally groups of agro industries. industrials and the government that work to implant Indian policy. Our reflection is concentrated on the relational aspect and on interaction among the Potiguara Indians and the local society. In this way, we studied how the society of Paraíba considers the Indians. in order to draw a historical line of their social organization. Finally, we show how the lndians represent their ethnic and cultural specification to themselves and to the local society through such processes.

Silica can stimulate the uptake of N by plants, resulting in improved leaf architecture and greater use of light, and therefore more productive plants. In this sense, the objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of the interaction between Si and N on growth, dry matter yield and mineral composition of castor bean plants BRS Energy. The experiment was conducted at Embrapa Cotton in Campina Grande-PB, with treatments arranged in a randomized complete block design with factorial arrangement (4x4), four doses of silicon (00, 80, 160, 240 mg L-1) and four nitrogen rates (00, 60, 120, 180 kg ha-1) applied per plant, with four repetitions, totaling 64 experimental units. Despite the increase of N levels decrease K content in the soil , stimulated the growth of other variables , stem diameter , number of leaves and leaf area . Silicon fertilization foliar provided a significant increase in stem diameter , with the highest value ( 18,54 mm ) due to the higher dose of Si applied . The absolute growth rate in stem diameter reached a maximum value of 0,068 mm.day-1 corresponding to 100 kg ha-1 N. The absolute growth rate for leaf area during the study period , set the quadratic model , with increasing increments as a function of N rates , with higher value of 20,60 cm2.dia-1 at a dose of 102,63 kg ha-1. The increasing up to a maximum of 99,43 kg ha-1 N , gave a ratio of leaf area of 19,85 cm2 per gram of dry matter produced by the plant . The N content in the leaves increased as a function of N rates , an increase in leaf content of 4,76 % observed at the dose of 118,75 kg ha-1 N. The total dry mass reached 134,99 g plant-1 , depending on the dose of 109,79 kg ha-1 of nitrogen.

The cotton culture is an agric activity of recognized socioeconomic importance, especially for the Brazilian Northeast, where all the cotton is produced by small farmers, forming an important source of employment and income in the countryside. However, the cotton in this region is commercialized with its seeds, which takes from the small producer the chance of adding value to his production. To strengthen the family agriculture, it’s necessary to adjoin value to its production, what can be done through installing simple equipments, compacts and itinerants, which will benefit the cotton in its own producing place. Disposing that way, fiber for commercialization along with the textile industry and the local handcraft, especially in the colored cotton case, the seeds for the new plantings, and its surplus for animal feeding. Hence, at the light of what was exposed, for the reason of the rising demand of raw material (fiber) by the textile industry and by the local handcrafting, this job had as goal the development and evaluation of a 20 saws cottonseed delinter. The 20 saws delinter is composed basically, by the following components: a cotton storing box; a cotton delinting cylinder constituted by 20 saws with 495.30 mm in diameter; a cylinder with brushes with 350 mm in diameter; a cylinder with condensers with 600 mm; a frame made by plates and strand of steel; a 5 CV three-phase electric motor with start key, pulleys and bands for rotation transmission. Ten cotton fiber’s technologic characteristics were determined on HVI (High Volume Instruments), as well as its profit, physic purity, linter content, mechanic damage, germination and vigor. The evaluation of the 20 saws delinter was done in assessment with 50 and 90 saws machines widely used by the cotton benefiting factories in Brazilian Northeast. The best results were from the 20 saws working at 344 rpm aiming the device to regulate the amount of linter, “A” (PDRL) and with sample size was 600 g; consenting to be concluded that: After the process of delintering, the seeds proceeding from the 20 saw delinter were less damaged, shown up to be more clean, and with higher germination percentage, and that the same is as efficient as the 50 and 90 saws traditionally used in the benefiting factories, completely fulfilling the work goal, that was to attend especially the small cotton farmers that works in the family agriculture.

The difficulty of implementing no tillage in the Northeast region of Brazil occurs due to low rainfall, which limits the plant growth and high rates of decomposition. In the Brejo Paraibano microregion, beyond this aspect, another problem is related to changes in the use of soil, without considering their potentialities and limitations, which provided serious damage to conservation. In order to select cover crops for no tillage and understand the soil degradation due to changes in use, was implanted two experiments completely randomized. The experiment of cultural residues was conducted in the Chã of Jardim farm, of Center of Agrarian Sciences of UFPB, and the treatments consisted of three residues of grass species (Brachiaria decumbens), corn (Zea mays) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and three legumes species: pigeon pea (Canavalia ensiformis), guandu (Cajanus cajan) and leucena (Leucaena leucocephala). The residues were placed in litter bags and placed in the experimental field under the litter, in the presence and absence of nitrogen. The experiment about use of soil was conduced in three systems: native secondary forest, cultivation of sabiá (Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia) and pasture (Brachiaria decumbens). In each area, soil samples were collected at four depths for physical and chemical analisys, fractionation of organic matter and root density. The physical analisys consisted of the separation of aggregates size, grain size, density and total porosity of soil. The chemical ones consisted of determining the pH and concentration of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, aluminum and C. The organic matter was fractionated into fulvic acid fraction (FAF), humic acid fraction (HAF) and humin (HUM). They were quantified deposition and accumulation of litter and its rate of decomposition in areas of woodland and thrush. In the pasture, one evaluated the production of forage. In the case of crop residues, it was observed that the rate of decomposition of the grass is slower than that of legumes, however, this rate is equivalent in the last months of the evaluated year. The grasses showed no differences, but the guandu showed slower rate of decomposition amongst the legumes. Nitrogen fertilization did not affect the waste decomposition rate. In the case of the changes in the use of the soil, the amount of clay, DMPAs, DMPAu and the relationship DMPAu / DMPAs and porosity showed higher values in the area under forest. xi The soil density was lower in the area under forest. The development of roots was higher in areas under forest and pasture. The waste disposal was greater in the area under sabiá and the N, P and K were higher in these residues, which shows the sabiá capacity in nutrient cycling. The accumulation of litter in the soil was higher in the area under forest. The decomposition rate of the waste was 48% in area under sabiá and 40% in that one under forest. The percentage of C, H + Al, Al, and CTC potential and aluminum saturation (m) are higher in the soil in the area under forest. The soil pH, the base saturation (V) and the concentrations of Na and K are similar in areas under pasture and under sabiá and larger than that under forest. The percentages of Ca, Mg and available P and SB and effective CTC did not differ among the studied areas. The C of the soil is best preserved in the area under forest in function of higher levels in HAF and HUM fractions and the lowest ratio EA / HUM. In turn, the replacement from the grass for sabiá begins to recover the levels of C lost in the area under pasture, with intermediate fraction values of HAF and HUM, demonstrating the sabiá ability to recover soil quality.

The Cercospora leaf spot is an serious fungal disease of plants of the genus Capscum, it is caused by fungi of genus Cercospora, which produce a toxin, the cercosporin, that has a red coloration which is very toxic to the plant tissues. Therefore, this work purpose was realize a characterization of this disease in ornamental chili plants, as well as, try the efficiency of cercosporin toxin in the genotype of chili ornamental plants. Therefore, it has proceeded an organs collet of infected organs by ornamental chili plants grown in a greenhouse, located in the Science Center Agrarian of Federal University of Paraíba – UFPB/CCA, Campus II, Areia – PB. The samples were taken to the Biotechnology Laboratory of UFPB/CCA for a morphological characterization of the fungus. The disease characterization was did observing plants with symptoms of the disease. To test the efficiency of the cercosporin, it was realized an induction of the production of cercosporin in fungi colonies grown in different in various culture media having as the base coconut milk (LCO), coconut water (ACO), V8 juice (A- V8), leaf extract of pepper (A – P), and water agar (A-A). After that, the toxin was identified throw de change of coloration to green of the fungal solution in contact with the alkaline way, KOH 5N. After this moment of identification, it was realized a quantification and an extraction of cercosporin with the aid of extractor solution Tris-HCl that has pH 6,8. The toxin quantification was made using the Bradford method, proceeding its inoculation in leaves of seven genotypes of chili plants using the concentration that best expressed the symptoms. When the results was analyzed, it has observed that fungous structure was the same kind of the description of the cercospora capsici fungi, which is the responsible for the Cercospora leaf spot has said the Koch postulate. Direct isolation method has given the possibility the achievement of fungus in all plants parts, and, the indirect method have given possibility it with the branches. The water agar base way has promote a bigger mycelial growth, and the leaf extract base way improve a bigger colony proportion. The ACO way has promote the toxin expansion in all Petri dish and has have a bigger quantity of cercosporin for mycelial disc. All the way, except the A-A, has induced a cercosporin produce. The coconut milk base way and the leaf extract with and without gelling present the biggest cercosporina production. The isolated grown in the A-A way has produced quantities of cercosporin equal the isolated grown in the LCO and P-A ways with gelling. The toxin concentrations 40% and 50% showed better the cercosporin symptoms. The UFPB 131, UFPB 132, and UFPB 358 has showed tolerance to the cercosporin toxin.

This study aimed to reflect on the relationship between voluntary work motivation and its impacts on citizenship in the context of organizations linked to education and research in the state of Paraíba. We sought to identify the voluntary motivations, how each of them affects the citizens attitudes and behaviors and the citizenship expressions as a group of nonvolunteers. The theoretical reference allowed to explore the conceptions of citizenship and its construction in Brazilian's scenery. It also enabled to comprehend the volunteers as key-agent of citizenship participation and as motivational values that influence the type of commitment. Thus, through statistical techniques as correlations and tests for average variations between groups, the relations could be plotted. The results point out that the more constant motivations for the group of volunteers were centered in the learning and altruistic factors , respectively. The results also point that there is the tendency for the group of volunteers to express more actively citizens attitudes and behaviors, mainly in the dimensions related to social rights and the informal participation. Finally, it was possibly to map positive and significant associations to the voluntaries that express altruist reasons in relation to the social, civil and political dimension of the citizenship. It indicates, safeguarded the due proportions that the exercise of the voluntary action would have the role of leading development of a citizenship more active and participant. The work contributes effectively to the management of the volunteers in nongovernmental organizations bound to education, it contributes to the insertion to the debate about ways of encouragement to develop the civic awareness and includes debating about the citizen participation as an important theme to debate in an academic environment.

This dissertation aims to analyze the National Pact for Literacy in the Right Age (PNAIC) and the implications for the pedagogical work of literacy teachers. Initially, the paper presents a brief analysis of the history of teacher education in Brazil, in order to understand the reasons that led to the precariousness of the initial and continuing education policies of Basic Education teachers. Next, we discuss the relationship between the state and public policies in capitalist society by placing education as a disputed field, and then enter into educational policy studies that have supported the elaboration of the pact in the local context. From the methodological point of view, it is a quantitative / qualitative, documentary and exploratory research in the dialectical perspective. The data collection instruments, we used questionnaires and semi-structured interviews with nine teachers who work in the literacy cycle in four schools in the city of Crato/CE. Through this study, it was possible to affirm that even bringing contributions to the pedagogical practice of the teacher, the continued formation in the PNAIC has not developed in a satisfactory way, due to the precarious conditions in which the municipal schools are. Thus, instead of promoting the professional development of literacy teachers, it has implications for pedagogical work such as emptying theory and denying teaching. In this sense, this study points to the need to review the program in its structure considering the reality of the empirical field, in the perspective of thinking about the formation that enables the professional development of the teacher and overcoming the precariousness of the teaching work.

This dissertation is inserted in the research Education and Educators of Paraíba of Century XX, more specifically in the history of the women, focusing on the practices of writings and representations. The objective is to analyze the educational trajectory of the educator Maria José Mamede Galvão, based on the following questions: how did their pedagogical practices prove innovative in the face of the traditional education model? How did you build your trajectory in school life, despite the difficulties with the mother's care and the care of domestic life? How were your writings born and how did they contribute to a deeper understanding of the educational practices of a formative era? He was enrolled in the theoreticalmethodological approach of the New Cultural History and authors such as Chartier, Le Goff and Burke, for emphasizing that, from this displacement, the biographical investigation of the subjects and historical objects considered additional or underrepresented was allowed, thus providing a deeper understanding of the past and the present. In this field we bring a (auto) biographical perspective through the work with oral, printed and iconographic sources, in order to understand Maria José Mamede Galvão 's educational paths, in the construction of other pedagogical perspectives in each context of her professional performance. In the study, Maria José Mamede Galvão demonstrated a fine sensitivity of women to the arts and with concerns of expanding the scope of the teaching-learning relationship in the horizons of the school's creativity. In view of the above, it can be stated that the educator contributed both to the schooling process and to the process of sociocultural changes, during the more than thirty years dedicated to the education of Rio Grande do Norte.

The following thesis has the guiding questions: what is the basis of the pedagogical work of the teachers from 1st grade of elementary school? How did the State of Ceará and Farias Brito city adjust the norms and educational guidelines by defining new arrangements and educational politics? How is the organization of the pedagogical work in the process of implantation of Primary School of nine years with the insertion of the six-year-old child in Elementary School in the Farias Brito City, State of Ceará? Aiming to answer such questions, we aim, across the board, to analyze the organization and realization of the pedagogical work with children of six-years-old in Elementary School, under the Law 11,274 of February 6th, 2006. As way of considerations, we realized that children and childhood, although inseparable, have different meanings. The first concerns about biological issues, while the second is a social, cultural and historical construction. The Brazilian educational politics reflects the conjuncture that they are inserted, the Law number 11. 274/2006 isn’t an exception, since it carries with it the marks of political and economic control exercised by neoliberalism. These issues directly reflect the pedagogical work accomplished with sixyears-old children in the first year of Elementary School, the focus on literacy neglects the other formative aspects particular to childhood.

The cacti are a group of widely distributed plants in semiarid of Paraíba. Your specimens show sensitivity to human disturbance due to low absolute growth rate, restricted range and reliance on dispersal agents, on the other hand appear as important plant genetic resources for the region. Aiming to contribute information to conservation programs, uses and anatomy, the objective of this study was to analyze ecological, anatomical, genetic, and metabolic profile of Pilosocereus catingicola (Gürke) Byles & Rowley subsp. salvadorensis (Werderm.) Zappi from savanna areas of the Paraiba Westland. The assessment was carried out in three contiguous plots caatingas located in the Towns of Arara, Areial and Boa Vista-PB. For ecological study of populations, the soil and climate of populations occurrence was characterized. In each sampled area it was sampled and tagged all individuals by measuring with the aid of calipers DNB and the total height. The populations were described by the density, frequency and absolute dominance, basal area and McGuinness aggregation index. The prediction of spatial configuration for each population was performed with Garmin® Surfer© applications. The anatomical analysis of the cross sections of roots, stems and fruit were freehand obtained, with common razor blade, clarified with sodium hypochlorite (50%), stained with safranin and astra blue and examined by optic microscopy. For the phenology, the stages were analyzed using the activity index (percentage of individuals in the phenology) and an intensity ratio obtained by counting the number of structures produced in each of the stages observed per plant. For the metabolomics analysis, fruits were with different maturity stages of adult specimens with good phenotypic and plant health. The measurement of functional compounds was performed using a spectrophotometer and separation through high performance liquid chromatography in reversed-phase coupled to a mass spectrum. The identifications of metabolites was made on line based on the molecular fragmentation pattern using SciFinder. The three areas soils have a high cation exchange capacity and are eutrophic. Populations have similarity in terms of spatial distribution, yet the anthropization of caatinga areas affects structurally P. catingicola subsp. salvadorensis populations. The Areial specimens have high formation of oxalate crystals in the cells of the cortical root tissue and is distinguished from Arara and Boa Vista, PB populations. Phenological patterns of the population of Boa Vista accompanying rainfall events, heat and to a lesser extent the moisty. The temperature has a positive correlation for all phenophases, with significance at the stage of flower buds. The betacyanins are the alkaloids with the highest expression in the fruit represented in greater quantity by betanin and filocactina. The specimens express more betaxantinas than betacyanins.

The accumulation of salts in the soil by irrigation water has caused negative effects on productive capacity and quality of the of crops, including the yellow passion fruit. In this context, the irrigated areas, especially in arid and semiarid regions, require management technologies that maintain the productive capacity of the crops with economic viability, minimizing the depressive effects of management in irrigated areas with water of high salt content. This work had the objective to evaluate the effects of irrigation water salinity (EC) associated to of frequencies application of bovine biofertilizer on the initial growth of seedlings, production, mineral nutrition and postharvest quality of yellow passion fruit and also am soil fertility and salinity. The treatments were distributed in 5 x 4 factorial design corresponding the five EC of irrigation water of 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5 and 4.5 dS m-1, in four frequencies of application of the biofertilizer: without bovine biofertilizer (SB); with application one week before transplanting (1SAT); application with intervals of 90 days after transplanting (90DAT); and, with application one week before transplanting and at intervals of 90 days (1SAT+90DAT). Plants irrigated with water of electrical conductivity less than 2.5 dS m-1 and application of biofertilizer 1SAT+90DAT showed less impairment of quality of soil, vegetative growth and increased production, as well as foliar concentrations of the crops of yellow passion fruit. The salt concentrations of irrigation water exceeds in 2.5 dS m-1 markedly reduced levels of chlorophyll, but also the absorption of water by plants, raising the percentage of soil moisture. The applications of biofertilizers did not influence the concentration of pigments photosynthetic of passion fruit, however, the highest frequencies of use (90DAT and 1SAT+90DAT) increased the percentage of soil moisture.

The genus Capsicum, belonging to the family Solanaceae, which comprises species of peppers and peppers. Among these, the main cultivated species are C. annuum L., C. frutescens L., C. chinense Jacq., C. baccatum L. and C. pubescens Ruiz and Pavon. Peppers of this genus are grown in various parts of the world, C. annuum being the most widely used. This species presents diversity for characteristics of size, flower and fruit, which gives it different potentialities of use, aimed at the consumption in natura, industrialization and for ornamental use. The great variability observed gives the potential species for use in breeding. Thus, the morphoagronomic characterization provides a series of information about genetic variability, which can be identified through genetic-statistical methodologies. The knowledge of the diversity between the individuals allows the arrangement of genotypes in groups, which when crossed, can obtain greater results of heterosis. The genotypes can be cross-linked and evaluated using the diallel analysis methodology, with those of Griffing (1956), Gardner and Eberhart (1966) and Hayman (1954) being the most used. In this way, the objective was to evaluate the genetic diversity between accessions of peppermint (C. annuum L.), and to perform diallel crosses between the divergent accesses to determine the promising crosses for ornamental purposes. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse in the Plant Biotechnology sector of the Agricultural Sciences Center of the Federal University of Paraíba (CCA-UFPB). Sixteen accessions of peppermints (C. annuum L.) were used for morphoagronomic characterization based on 28 quantitative characters, referring to the seedlings, plant, flower and fruits. The design was a completely randomized design with 16 treatments with eight replicates. Data were submitted to analysis of variance, Scott-Knott averages test and estimated heritability. The genetic divergence was analyzed by the Tocher method, based on the generalized distance of Mahalanobis and analysis of canonical variables with graphic dispersion of the accessions. The relative importance of the variables was determined by the method described by Singh (1981) and by canonical variables. For the diallel analysis, 49 treatments (7 accessions and 42 hybrids) were used with eight ornamental peppercorns. The diallel analysis was performed to estimate the General Combination Capacity (CGC) and Specific Combination Capacity (CPC), according to the Griffing method (1956). To determine the heterosis and its components, the methodology of Gardner and Eberhart (1966) was used and to study the inheritance of the morphoagronomic characteristics, the methodology of Hayman (1954) was used. It was verified the existence of phenotypic divergence between the accessions of C. annuum L., and can be used in programs of genetic improvement of ornamental pepper. The accesses UFPB001, UFPB004, UFPB45, UFPB77.3, UFPB099, UFPB134, UFPB390 and Calypso were selected. The results showed that there was a predominance of the non - additive effects for the seedling characteristics and for the characteristics of plant, flower and fruits, there was influence of additive and non - additive effects, with superiority for the additive effects. The hybrids UFPB001xUFPB134, UFPB001xUFPB099, UFPB004xUFPB001, UFPB390xUFPB77.3 and UFPB77.3xUFPB099 can be used to continue the breeding program. There is diversity among the accesses studied, with significant effects of heterosis and its components. There are possibilities of genetic gains, through breeding programs, related to plant, flower and fruit characteristics in ornamental pepper cuts, and the UFPB001 and UFPB134 accessions presented the highest concentration of favorable alleles for size characters, UFPB001, UFPB004 and UFPB099 for Flowers and the UFPB390 and UFPB77.3 for fruit characters.

The present research intends to analyze the politics of the training of the professionals Interpreters of Sign Language (TILS) and its practice in Campus I of the Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), based on the legislation that protects the deaf person. When it refers to the deaf person it is necessary to emphasize that the form of communication occurs through the Sign Language, its natural language. The reality experienced by TILS, even with regulation of the profession through Law 13199/2010, there are a number of concerns related to their training for professional practice, whose legislation alone can not respond. The theoretical framework of the research is based on the Inclusive Politics that are supported in the history and conquest of human rights, encompassing the civil, political, social, economic and cultural rights of the disabled person; in addition to the training of the TILS professional, establishing theoretical dialogues with: Quadros (2004), Barbosa (2012), Lacerda (2010), Masutti (2011), besides the normative documents and guidelines of the Ministry of Education to act in this modality. The research has the general objective of analyzing the training politics and their consequences for the practice of the professionals Translators Interpreters of Sign Language (TILS) in Campus I of the UFPB based on the laws that support the deaf person. The specific objectives are: to analyze the rights and deaf culture, placing the mechanisms of protection of the disabled person at the international and national levels, identifying the social actors and the politics of persons with disabilities in Brazil; contextualize and understand the formation of TILS in Educational Policy; to investigate within the scope of the UFPB processes and mechanisms of admission of the TILS and their professional performance. As for the methodology, it is characterized by a qualitative character, of a bibliographic, descriptive and exploratory nature, whose focus is on the politics for the training of TILS professionals and their work in Higher Education, being the site campus I in the UFPB. It is a research whose method presupposes a dialectical and critical perspective of education with the categories of analysis: work, identity and deaf culture, inclusive educational politics. Data collection will use bibliographical and documentary research on the construction of rights and educational politics that support the deaf person and the professional training of TILS. We hope as a result, to investigate and to understand the policy of formation and performance of this professional in full exercise in Higher Education. In the face of the scarce literature on the subject the work intends to contribute to reflection on the trajectory of the TILS, who is responsible for mediation and access to knowledge with the deaf academic, as governed by inclusive educational politics.

In the northeastern region, sweet potatoes have great social importance as a source of human nutrition, in addition to collaborating with the generation of employment and income, yet their productivity is still low when compared to the national average. In order to evaluate the growth and production of sweet potatoes as a function of nitrogen doses, spacings and number of branches per pit, a field experiment was set up at the Agricultural Sciences Center of the Federal University of Paraíba, Areia, PB, Brazil. The Regolítico, Psamítico. The experimental design was of randomized blocks in subdivided plots with four replications. In the plots, 15 treatments consisting of five nitrogen doses (0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 kg ha-1), combined with three plant spacings (0.30, 0.40 and 0.50 m), and in the subplots, different numbers of plants (one and two branches). Green and dry mass of shoot-1, SPAD index, leaf area, leaf area index, average commercial root mass, commercial root-plant yield, total and commercial rootstock yield, N, Leaf P and K and starch content of the roots. The total productivity reached a maximum of 49 t ha-1, at a spacing of 0.30 m with one branch per pit at the dose 168 kg ha-1, for commercial production its maximum value of 33.9 t ha-1 was reached With one branch limb and 144 kg ha-1 of nitrogen. All growth characteristics of sweet potato were altered by nitrogen fertilization, spacings between plants and number of branches per pit.

This research is linked to the Educational Policy Line, the Post graduate Program of the Education Center of the Federal University of Paraíba (PPGE/UFPB), and the Paulo Freire Pedagogy Studies Group (GEPPF/UFPB). The main purpose of this study wast o analyze the politic of continuous training of teachers of the Specialized Educational Assistance (ESA), in the Continuing Teacher Training Course of ESA, in the city of Campina Grande, Paraíba, based on the perspective of permanent training propose by Freire (1991), which constitutes the critical reflection of practice. Initially, we presented our meeting with Special Education, in which we pointed out existential and academic trajectories that led us to the object of study. Next, we explain the policy of continuing education of teachers and Special Education in an inclusive perspective. We also present possible dialogues between the National, State and Municipal Plans of Education and the perspective of permanent formation of educators proposed by Freire. Finally, we weave the paths of the educational-formative practice through a pedagogical intervention. For intervention, we take as a methodology the Freire an educational praxis, which presupposes the action-reflection-action process during the accomplishment of the 08 (eight) training workshops for 7 (seven) teachers and 2 (two) coordinators, who correspond to there search subjects. As a result, there search highlighted the role of teachers in the process of critical reflection of the ir practice and there thinking of training in the municipal school network, since, we find that, from a legal point of view, the continuing training of ESA teachers in Campina Grande points to the permanent perspective, but in practice, this training points to a fragmented perspective, with specific formations of specific the mes focused on the study of disabilities. Therefore, the experience with action rese archenable dust o broaden the dialogue with teachers about the formation of ESA, since it showed the importance of overcoming the punctual and fragmented nature of the formative process in the construction of processes of permanent formation.

The Altiplano Cabo Branco Neighborhood has been subject to a series of restrictions on its densification since its inception until the approval of Municipal Decree No. 5.844 of 2007, in which a Priority Susceptible Zone (ZAP) was established in part of its territory, due to the strong pressure of property promoters and civil construction over public agencies. The delimitation of this ZAP has changed the characteristics of its territory, once predominantly single-family residential territory, since property promoters have established a more affluent part of society as a target audience, making this sector of the neighborhood known as the "Noble" Altiplano - a term widely explored by marketing of sales. This process culminated in a strong real estate speculation and changes in the architectural types built, generating social and economic impacts. However, such repercussions do not result without contradictions since the responsible authorities, while at the same time significantly altering the landscape of the Neighborhood, are omitted in relation to the fate of public spaces in this sector. This research has as its spatial area the "Noble" Altiplano and its main objective is to identify the stake of actors involved in this fabrication. What paremeters the spaces fabricated respond to? Who and how the actors act in the neighborhood? How the actors involved in this process of radical change articulated? Methods are used that approximate the spatial, manufacturing and use dimensions of these spaces.

The study of the dynamic behavior of structures is an alternative to investigate its structural behavior. This study aims to investigate whether modal tests are effective in assessing the state of cracking associated with the load capacity of conventional reinforced concrete slabs (solid and ribbed). Four conventional slabs (two solid and two ribbed) were tested using static and dynamic tests, and had their results studied. All slabs have width and length of 3,00m x 1,35m . The thickness of solid slabs is 0.08 m and the ribbed slabs of 0,26m. To support the slabs were used metal profiles set in concrete blocks, such support simulated isostatic situation, being one pin and one roller support. All four slabs were subjected to charge and discharge cycles with their deflections measured and modal tests were made at the end of each cycle. Firstly, static tests were in solid slabs, it could be measured deflections experienced by the slabs in each load stage. It was observed that during the application of 16 kN load the slabs left their elastic regime and its deflection curves abruptly changed slope. After application of each load stage, it was proceeded with modal tests. The results of the modal parameters for the solid slabs were obtained by decay method for free vibration and through StarModal software. These results were in accordance with the gradual loss of rigidity of the slabs during implementation of charge and discharge cycles, because the natural frequencies were falling. A damage index based on natural frequencies variation was applied. The results showed that only after 8kN stage the slab suffers damage that can be repaired, which was also shown by cracks found during testing. For solid slabs, it was made a slope based analysis of the natural frequency along the decay curves and it was noted that the slope of the fitted straight curves increases as decreases the stiffness of the tested case. Static tests were also made for the ribbed slabs, however, they showed very small linear displacement when subjected to applied loads because of their high stiffness. Only after 28kN stage some deflection curves showed the abrupt change in slope, representing the output of the linear regime. The modal tests were performed in ribbed slabs similarly to that performed for solid slabs. There was no high frequency loss and damage detection rate did not show any damage that could not be repaired, all due to the high rigidity of the slab. Finally, it was concluded that the modal tests have shown a promising alternative to be studied for detection of structural damage, mainly due to the results obtained for solid slabs.

Caruaru, located in the Agreste region in Pernambuco, is well known for its diversity in popular culture, highlighting the visual arts, dance, literature, theater and music. In this cultural diversity, a song, represented by forró, gained a special emphasis in the city because a projection of the title "Capital of forró" that describes the declarations of the communities, popularized in the urban zone from the decade of 1960. As of recognition that the city acquired as an important center of the musical practices related to the forró, this research aimed to object to investigate the development process of this musical genre in Caruaru from the idea that the musical making in the city is built through the process of change and musical continuity. This construction is discussed in two moments: at first, the forró in Caruaru in the past, making a historical reconstruction of how this genre was gaining space in the city from the 1950s until the recording of the song "Capital of Forró" by the Trio Nordestino. And then, forró in Caruaru in the present, which begins from the structural changes of the June festivals, passing through the process of change in forró music, until the current practices of the forró musicians that have as main period, for their performances, the month of June. This thesis is divided in four chapters that bring discussions about the objective proposed for this research, approaching in chapter 1 methodological and conceptual issues, in chapter 2 the construction of forró as a genre of Brazilian music, in chapter 3 its development in Caruaru, and finally in chapter 4 the forró musical practices in the city today.

We present a methodological proposal of musical analysis directed to the study of creativecompositional processes based on the argument that a musical work is an ongoing, changing event, a moving entity that presents itself necessarily in the performance act. The approach involves the study of the entire productive chain that resulted in the musical event when contemplating the technical and socio-contextual dimensions of creation, treating them as indispensable instances for the understanding of their identity. The model consists of three distinct and self-complementary instances to the observation of the musical event within a systemic approach: (1) Analysis of the Artistic Field; (2) Genetic Analysis; (3) CriticalReflexive Analysis. We validate its application through the study of the piece The Comic Strip Symphony (1986) by the Brazilian composer, performer and multi-instrumentalist Hermeto Pascoal (1936). Through methodology, we reach a holistic reading of creation by understanding the process of putting the musical work into practice, placing invariant aspects (COSTA, 2016) based on the understanding of the roles played by the composer and performers in the musical event. We conclude that the method has proved useful both as a speculative tool for musical creation and for performance studies involving this theme.

This dissertation deals with the main concepts and procedures involved in the creation of the cycle Iluminuras, for acoustic guitar, that proposes a listening focused on minimal transformations of timbre. Tenuous sonorities, such as noises, resonances and multiphonics, which have historically underlied the melodic-harmonic  tonal  activity  in  the  guitar’s   repertoire, here emerges to the musical surface through filtering techniques, being promoted transformations in the interior of sounds. Throughout the work, a ‘transposable and multidimensional object’ — i. e., formed by various notes, wich transmit to each other a dynamic identity by means of timbral links, and by various voices which are deployments of its internal attributes — is continuously examined under various perspectives, as the hands’   configurations (positions, angles, materials, pressure levels) change its sonority, revealing acoustical properties. Emerged to the first plane of the music, these latent properties form voices in a ‘coloristic counterpoint’, with evolutions in subtle contrast levels, in favor of a sensibility to minimal variations. During the transpositions, new effects of the interaction between hands and guitar are introduced, renewing the ‘object’. The work evolves as its internal examination, focusing its diverse aspects in different time spans.