RCAAP Repository

Studies on the body usage in instrumental practice have been progressively increasing in the late years. This is a fundamental aspect for the musical instrument teaching. This paper presents results of a research conducted with thirty-five guitar teachers working in public universities in Brazil, who answered a questionnaire aiming to understand what are their conceptions of body formation on guitar teaching. The research is based on perspectives of qualitative and quantitative approach, intending to interpret the teachers' vision about the guitar player body formation and the data necessary to enlighten relevant methodological issues in the panorama of guitar teaching in Brazil. The data collection instrument used was the questionnaire, consisting of open questions with margin to respondents' considerations. The scientific foundations of this research was composed of studies directly linked to the guitarist universe and perspectives of Contemporary Music Education, as well as interdisciplinary researches in areas such as psychology, medicine, sociology, neurology, sports science, musical cognition, among others. This dissertation discuss about the importance of body consciousness for the guitarist, rested on the understanding of the instrumental practice nature, which is a hard work with physical and psychological demands, depending on the level of specialization and instrumental involvement. Guitar teachers highlight the need to seek the requiered resources for an aware and consistent execution, coupled with body conciousness. Thus, it is possible to systematically construct approaches that will guide the study and practice, avoiding possible injuries and discomforts while performing, providing a greatter preparation and relaxation during the execution, being achieved through the consciousness of ones body, active instrument in the guitar permance.

Quixabeira [Sideroxylon obtusifolium (Roem. & Schult.) T.D. Penn.] is a fruit of the Sapotaceae family, typical from the Caatinga that can be used in alternative medicine, animal feed and wood extraction. The study of seed maturation is an important way to have knowledge about the behavior of the species in relation to their reproduction, making possible to determine the appropriate time for harvesting in order to obtain good genetic materials, seeds suitable for the conservation and production of seedlings. To what has been exposed the aim of this study was to assess the maturation of fruits and seeds of S. obtusifolium in order to determine the point of physiological maturity. The research was conducted with 30 mother trees located at the Santa Rosa do Espólio farm, in the rural area of the town of Boa Vista - PB, in the Laboratories of Seed Analysis and Biology and Technology of Post-Harvest of the Center of agricultural sciences of the Federal University of Paraíba, Areia - PB. The determinations were: physical characteristics, water content of fruits and seeds, dry mass of seeds, germination test, first count and germination speed index, dry seedling length and mass, electrical conductivity and chemical composition of fruits and seeds (Soluble solids, content of starch, reducing sugars, lipids and total proteins). The statistical design used was entirely at random and the data submitted to the analysis of variance and polynomial regression, as a function of harvest times. During the development of fruits and seeds, there was a gradual increasing on fruit diameter, dry mass of seeds, germination, first count and germination speed index, seedling dry weight and length, soluble solids, content of starch, soluble sugars, total proteins. Also there were a reduction on water content and in the values of electrical conductivity in the seeds during maturation. The physiological maturity point for S. obtusifolium seeds occurs between 105 and 112 days after anthesis in the environmental conditions of Boa Vista-PB, and during the ripening of the fruits occurs accumulation of soluble solids and reducing sugars in fruits and seeds.

Eggplant is a vegetable that responds to nitrogen fertilization, with improvements in their growth and fruit yield. The study was conducted at Federal University of Paraíba, Areia, PB, and aimed to evaluate sources and doses of nitrogen on the growth and production of eggplant in a randomized complete block in a factorial 5 x 2, with three replications, with five N rates (0; 60; 120; 180; 240 kg ha-1) and two sources (urea and ammonium sulfate). Were evaluated: SPAD index, plant height, dry weight of shoot, leaf area, leaf area index, leaf area ratio, specific leaf area, leaf weight ratio, length and diameter of fruits, number and production of commercial fruits plant-1, average weight of commercial fruits, total and commercial fruit yield and contents of N, P and K leaf. Nitrogen improved all characteristics evaluated, except foliar K content, but there were differences in their sources. The plant height, shoot dry weight, leaf area and leaf area index increased with the evaluation periods in the two sources, and a reduction in the SPAD index and leaf weight ratio. The length of fruits increased only with nitrogen, but the number and fruit yield plant-1, diameter and average fruit weight were higher in ammonium sulfate. Total and commercial yield reached the maximum of 66 and 57 t ha-1 and 60 and 52 t ha-1, respectively, with the use of nitrogen in the form of ammonium sulfate and urea. Foliar N content was influenced by nitrogen and phosphorus content by ammonium sulfate.

The strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) is a fast growing plant and has high nutritional requirement. Because of this an adequate supply of nutrients are required, particularly with nitrogem, phosphorus and potassium. These fertilizers are the most used by farmers because improve plant growth. The objective of this research was to evaluate the growth, fruit quality and physiology of strawberry plants under fertilization with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Two experiments were conducted. The first in plastic pots with a capacity of 10 liters of soil and the second directly into the ground, in plant beds. The treatments of both experiments were determined by Central Composite Box and arranged in a randomized block design with four replications. The experimental unit had three plants. In the experiment on plastic pots, we used five doses of nitrogen (0.16, 0.37, 0.88, 1.4 and 1.6 g plant-1) and phosphorus five (0.3, 0.58, 1, 2, 1.8 and 2.1 g plant-1) with potassium (1.67 g plant-1) and without potassium. It also had an additional treatment (without nitrogen and no phosphorous). The dose used in the second experiment were: 0.0, 0.16, 0.37, 0.88, 1.4, 1.6 g of nitrogen plant-1 and 0.0, 0.5, 0.8, 1.9, 3.0, 4.4 g phosphorus plant-1. Treatment with organic fertilizer was added. The seedlings used were the cultivar Oso Grande. The variables studied were: number of leaves, plant height, mean crown diameter, leaf area, number of fruits, mean weight of fruit, productivity of the plants, soluble solids, titratable acidity, relationship between soluble solids/titratable acidity, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, internal CO2 concentration, transpiration and in instantaneous carboxylation efficiency. The results were submitted to analysis of variance considering 10% probability by F test. The treatments without fertilizer and organic manure was submitted to means contrast. In plastic pot, the doses of 0.8 and and 2.1 g plant-1 of nitrogen and phosphorus, respectively, provided improvements in most of the variables analyzed and the potassium favored more to nitrogen fertilizer than phosphorus. In the soil experiment, the best doses were 4.4 and 5.0 g plant-1 of phosphorus and nitrogen, respectively. The organic fertilizer has improved variables in at least 12% compared to the control treatment.

The genus Epidendrum L. comprises approximately 1,500 species of exclusively neotropical distribution, with frequent occurrence of hybridization, polyploidy and asexual reproduction. In addition, some species show complex taxonomy, such as E. secundum, which shows extensive chromosome number variation. This study aimed to test the hypotheses about the causes of chromosome number variability in E. secundum; to investigate the hybrid origin in representatives with intermediate floral morphology between E. flammeum x E. secundum, and between E. xanthinum x E. secundum; and to analyze the heterochromatin diversity and DNA content in species belonging to the subgenus Amphiglottium and Epidendrum. To this end, we performed the quantification of nuclear DNA content by flow cytometry, analysed the heterochromatin distribution using CMA/DAPI fluorochrome banding, and performed the analysis of floral morphology on representatives found in hybridization zones. Mitotic analyzes showed different chromosome counts ranging from 2n = 24 in E. fulgens to 2n = 224 in E. cinnabarinum, with metacentric, submetacentric and acrocentric chromosomes in all species. CMA+/DAPI¬ pericentromeric and terminal chromosome regions, and some CMA¬/DAPI+ and CMA0 terminal regions were identified, with variation in size, number and position. Pericentromeric regions generally was CMA0/DAPI¬ in most species. The leaf tissues of all specimens examined presented one or two endoreduplication cycles. To 18 populations of E. secundum analyzed, 16 presented diploid individuals, with an average of 2C = 4.08 pg DNA, and in two populations were identified tetraploid individuals, with an average of 2C = 8.24 pg DNA. In some populations were identified cytotypes with B chromosomes in variable number, sometimes entirely CMA+/DAPI¬. In relation to putative hybrid analysis, three hybrid zones were investigated. In São João do Tigre (PB), E. flammeum presented 2n = 50 and 2C = 5.04 pg DNA, E. secundum presented 2n = 62 chromosomes and 2C = 4.82 pg DNA. Hybrid individuals had 2n = 56, with 2C = 4.63 pg DNA. In Nova Friburgo (RJ), E. xanthinum presented 2n = 28 with 2C = 4.48 pg DNA. The specimens of E. secundum in this population presented 2n = 56 and 2C = 3.68 pg DNA. The putative hybrids presented 2n = 42 with 2C = 4.37 pg DNA. The Principal Component and Cluster Analysis confirmed the intermediate nature of floral morphology among putative hybrids and possible parents. Despite the occurrence of different chromosome numbers in E. secundum, populations showed no significant DNA content variation by Tukey test, suggesting that the increase in the number of acrocentric chromosomes is mainly caused by centric fissions. High levels of reproductive compatibility suggest that hybridization and introgression are important in early stages of speciation in Epidendrum. Karyological diversification observed seems related to disploid and polyploid events, whose changes in fundamental number may be the result of complex intra and intergenomic reorganizations.

Studies which aimed the increase of yield and root qualities of sweet potato can constitute in important tools to improve social condition in the Northeast Region, because it is one most important vegetables. With the aim to evaluate the effect of bio-fertilizer concentrations and sources of N through production and quality of sweet potato, Campina crop, had been installed an experiment in the Federal University of Paraiba, Areia – PB, in an experimental sketching in randomized blocks factorial scheme 5 x 2, being 5 concentrations of bio-fertilizer (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40%) and two sources of nitrogen (ammonium sulfate and urea), with four repetitions. It had been evaluated the length and diameter, average mass, total and commercial productivity, production and root numbers per plant-1, green mass of plant air-1, dry matter of plant air-1, organic matter of soil and foliar levels of N, P and K, glucose levels, starch and ashes, anthocyanin levels, protein and humidity. According to results, it had been seen that bio-fertilizer influenced in a positive way all features in sweet potato, but it had difference relationing to nitrogen sources. Length, media average, production and root plant number -1 and ashes level in the roots were bigger with the usage of ammonium sulfate and urea. Green and dry matter increased with evaluation periods and with the usage of nitrogen in two sources. Organic matter level on soil after crop was bigger when urea was used. Foliar levels of N, P and K were suitable to sweet potato, despite nitrogen sources. Starch levels, protein, anthocyanins, humidity were suitable. Production and quality increased with the usage of bio-fertilizers 20-22%. Ammonium sulfate is a nitrogen source very recommended, bio-fertilizer and N increased soil organic matter level and foliar levels of N, P and K increased functioning of the treatments.

Zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.) is among the ten vegetables with the highest economic value, especially in central and southern Brazil. The commercial product is an immature fruit, rich in nutrients, like vitamins A, B2, C and E, amino acids, carbohydrates and fiber, it has been consumed baked, fried or stuffed and with potential for being used in the pharmaceutical industry due to its medicinal properties. Despite of its relative economic and nutritional importance, few studies have been made regarding the fertilization of this vegetable, especially the nitrogen and organic fertilizer. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the growth, yield and physiological features of the zucchini fertilized with bovine biofertilizer and sources of nitrogen. This study was carried out from June to September 2013, in an experimental design with randomized blocks, with treatments distributed into a factorial scheme 5 x 3 + 1, corresponding to five concentrations of bovine biofertilizer (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40%) and three nitrogen sources (calcium nitrate, ammonium sulfate and urea) and an additional treatment without nitrogen, in three replications. At the beginning of the blossom (45 DAS) were determined the concentration of chlorophyll a, b and total, the evaluations of gas exchange and the analysis of the leaf content of N. At 60 DAS were evaluated stem diameter, number of leaves per plant, leaf area, fresh and dry matter yield per plant, and at the end of harvest, It was determined the average fruit weight, fruit number and fruit yield per plant and the plant productivity. The biofertilizer in a concentration of 30% has provided the largest diameter of the stem of the plants. The combination of ammonium sulfate and biofertilizers have provided the maximum values xii for the number of leaves per plant, leaf area, fresh and dry matter production and per plant, average fruit weight, number and fruit production per plant, productivity, leaf content of N, chlorophyll a, total chlorophyll, net photosynthesis, transpiration, internal carbon concentration, stomatal conductance and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency. The ammonium sulfate and the urea singly have resulted in the highest chlorophyll b values and instantaneous efficiency in water use. The biofertilizer without nitrogen was not efficient upon growth, yield and physiological characteristics of the zucchini.

The depletion of natural resources due to the growing demand for agricultural and forestry products combined with the use of land without considering its potentialities and limitations has led to the degradation of vegetation, soil and water. The study of land use capacity becomes important for the proper management of the soil, and the knowledge of the vulnerability to which the populations are exposed, are an essential element for the evaluation of the impacts thereof. The objective of the study was to analyze the land use capacity and the social, economic, environmental and drought vulnerabilities in the Caatinga area of the Seridó Paraíba. The survey was carried out at Fazenda Cachoeira de São Porfírio, located in the Meso-region of Borborema, Microregion of Seridó Ocidental, municipality of Várzea, PB. In order to evaluate the soil use capacity, the property was divided into five areas (Natural Pasture (PN), Caatinga Hyperxerófila (CAH), Caatinga Hyperxerófila and Pastejo CAHP), Pastejo (PJ) and Caatinga Nativa (CAN) with its limits of altitude and the features of the different stages of succession. Soil characteristics, soil color, effective depth, soil texture, permeability, declivity, susceptibility to erosion, stoniness, fertility and current use were computed in order to compose the maximum formula (in the form of alphanumeric notations) and to determine the classes of soil use capacity, for all areas, except for the native Caatinga area that field observations were made. The socioeconomic, environmental and drought diagnosis was carried out with visits in the rural area of the municipality of Várzea, PB, where a survey of the families was carried out and 47 questionnaires, subdivided into variables identified by codes, considering the following factors: social vulnerability; technological vulnerability; vulnerability to droughts. The data were analyzed using the modal, maximum and minimum values of each variable, and the percentages of degradation of each factor were calculated by means of the equation of the line. It was observed that the inadequate management of the areas contributed to the increase of the erosive processes in all the areas, with the appearance of gullies in the CAH and CAHP areas. The PN area is suitable for agricultural cultivation, since the PJ area presented lower depth and limitation for agricultural exploitation, making conservation practices necessary. Five classes of capacity utilization, II, VII, VI, IV and VIII, were identified for PN, CAH, CAHP, PJ and CAN areas, respectively. There was high socioeconomic vulnerability and droughts in the rural area of Várzea, PB, and an environmental vulnerability slightly above that accepted by the methodology. Maximum vulnerability was observed in the variable machinery and industrialization, which increased the technological vulnerability. Thus the characteristics found in the survey allowed to distinguish the land use class and to identify the real property conditions and to allow a conservationist planning for rational use. The study of socioeconomic, environmental and drought vulnerabilities indicates high rates that compromise the quality of life of families in the rural area of Várzea, PB.

The cotton Gossypium hirsutum is a crop that plays a role in the Brazilian economic scenario. However, the presence of insect-pests such as whitefly Bemisia tabaci B-biotype in the cotton crop increases the costs of production in due to uses of pesticides. So, one measure to reduce this use is the adoption of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) which involves a set of tactics where the biological control can be added. In this sense, we aimed to study the biological aspects and selectivity to Encarsia hispida, having as host B. tabaci B-biotype in two cotton cultivars. The search was realized in the Laboratory of Entomology of Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Campus II, Areia-PB. The study was developed addressing the aspects explained above, being divided in three articles. In the article I evaluated the biological development and parasitism of the parasitoid E. hispida in cotton cultivars. In the first experiment it was found that only female parasitoids with longevity of 24.61 and 22.61 days in „BRS H8 and „BRS Topázio‟, respectively, not differing statistically with each other. The period of biological cycle of egg to adult of the parasitoid was, numerically, 35.68 and 33.71 days in „BRS H8 and „BRS Topázio‟, respectively, not differing statistically. In the second experiment were found parasitism indexes of E. hispida around 34.33 and 29.63% in „BRS H8 and „BRS Topázio‟, respectively. The parasitoid develops satisfactorily in the two cotton cultivars. In the article II were evaluated the foraging behavior and flight test of the parasitoid E. hispida in laboratory conditions. In the first bioassay females were used to register the following variables: activity, speed and walking pattern, while in the second were used pupae of parasitoid close to emergence, where adults were classified as its position: flying, walking and no-flying. The activity, speed and walking pattern of the parasitoid showed no influences by the cotton cultivars. The parasitoid visited the quadrants of the leaves in large majority only once, totaling 112.2 quadrants in the cultivar „BRS Topázio‟. The insects classified as flying reached 79.17 and 77.85 in „BRS H8‟ and „BRS Topázio‟, respectively. In the article III we verified the toxicity effects of synthetic products to E. hispida where we applied a completely randomized design in factorial scheme. In the bioassays were used E. hispida in the pupal and adult stages, which were submitted to pulverization with the following chemical products: thiamethoxam, deltamethrin, imidacloprid e piriproxifen in the proportions 1.0 g L-1, 1.0 mL L-1, 4.0 mL L-1 e 2.5 mL L-1, respectively, being distilled water as treatment test. The insecticides thiametoxam and imidacloprid are harmless for pupal stage, however, the same are harmless to E. hispida adult stage. The insecticides delthametrin and piriproxifen are harmless to the parasitoid E. hispida.

The conditions of climate change bring concern and calls for the need to study the responses of plants in limiting environments to plant development, especially under water stress. The use of phytohormones shown to improve production efficiency of crops under stress conditions. This study comprises home experiments vegetation and field. In the first study aimed to investigate the effects of water stress on Sesamum indicum L. physiological behavior (BRS Seda) when subjected to the suspension of irrigation and application of salicylic acid in experimental design of randomized blocks with five replications in a factorial 4 × 2, four levels of salicylic acid (SA) and two water treatments. At 30 days after emergence (DAE) was applied treatments, hormonal and water stress. Gas exchange and the relative content of leaf water (TRA), were performed on the eighth day after the application of treatments and 48 hours after the resumption of watering. Biweekly was held analysis of growth and the end of the production cycle components. There was significant differences in gas exchange on the eighth day of water stress and after rehydration to the stressor, while the interaction was significant for leaf temperature. Photosynthesis was 70% lower than under suspension of irrigation and as it increased the concentration of AS. The TRA was significant only for the effects of stress on water stress period and the application of AS resulted in smaller plants and leaf area in the treatment under suspension of irrigation. Water stress altered the behavior of photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration and leaf temperature. AS did not attenuate the effects of water stress on the Sesamum indicum production components. In the field experiment investigated the physiological responses through the application of benzyladenine (BA) performed under design in a randomized block design with four replications in a factorial 3 × 4, three cultivars of S. indicum (CNPA G3, CNPA G4 and CNPA BRS Seda) and four levels of BA. Fortnightly made to growth analysis, 80 DAE gas exchange and the end of the cycle the production of components, in addition to determining the oil content and energy content of the seeds. We conducted analysis of variance by F test, Tukey test and regression analysis. There was significance to cultivate factor for net photosynthesis, internal CO2 concentration, plant height, diameter and root length. For the number of fruit per plant was no response to treatment where the maximum technical efficiency was estimated to 4.72 mg L-1 BA, corresponding to the minimum number of fruits per plant in CNPA 96.55 G3, which also showed a higher rate collection. Gross energy was affected by the hormonal treatment with maximum technical efficiency of 4.81 mg L-1 benzyladenine corresponding to 682.2 kcal per 100 seeds for the CNPA G3. BA provided less photosynthesis and did not influence the production of components, while increasing gross energy in the seeds. In the absence of the CNPA BA G3 had the highest productivity.

The region São Francisco Valley (Petrolina-PE / Juazeiro-BA), stands out as one of the largest fruit poles in Brazil, mainly of mango and grape production, however the diversification of farming in the region has become essential to meet this demand research on species of humid tropical climate, subtropical and temperate, with economic potential they see being studied in irrigated areas of the Brazilian semiarid. The persimmon is a major opportunity for the region by the good climate adaptability and hardiness. The present study aimed to evaluate the performance of hydrogen cyanamide on dormancy breaking of gems, phenology, production and quality of persimmon fruit in Petrolina-PE, Brazil, as well as checking low-cost methods and that require little technological apparatus for removal astringency that influences the quality of persimmon fruit „Rama Forte‟ produced in the São Francisco Valley. The study was conducted in Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil. For the experiment with a randomized complete block design with five treatments to hydrogen cyanamide base (CH) associated with 3.0 % mineral oil: I - control (without application); II - CH to 0.4 %; III - CH to 0.8 %; IV - CH to 1.0 %; and V - CH to 1.5 %; with 5 replications and 5 plants per plot. The parameters evaluated were: duration of phenological stages; total duration of the phenological cycle; percentage of gems of each phase; budding at 30 and 60 days after treatment application; fruit set; number of fruits per plant; average fruit weight; production of fruits per plant; productivity; transversal and longitudinal diameter; firmness; soluble solids; titratable acidity; total extractable polyphenols; total and soluble pectin; and soluble tannins. In addition an astringency experiment with factorial arrangement of 2 x 9, corresponding to two evaluation periods (24 and 48 hours) and nine methods (not removing astringency [out of box]; not removing astringency [in box]; ethanol; CO2 15 %, CO2 20 %; ethephon 150 mg L-1; ethephon 200 mg L-1; ethephon 250 mg L-1; and ethephon 300 mg L-1), which was evaluated: mass loss; firmness; soluble solids; titratable acidity; total extractable polyphenols; total and soluble pectin; and soluble tannins. The results of all phenological variables, budding and production studied responded to doses of hydrogen cyanamide (CH). The persimmon plant „Rama Forte‟ without application of CH spring, but production is insufficient. The phenological cycle is 240 days in untreated plants and plants treated for 205 days with CH. The fruits have quality to commercialization, however present soluble solids and titratable acidity values above the ideal value for consumption. Applying CH no effect on total extractable polyphenols, pectin soluble and full, and tannins in fruits. So we recommend a dose close to 0.8% of CH. To the process of astringency recommend the use of ethanol vapor at low cost, and an input for easy access, and for introducing the smaller soluble tannin levels and confer good firmness of the fruit.

Plants are subject to external and internal variables that may affect the plant physiological ecology. The precipitation, temperature, photoperiod, intensity of solar radiation, hormones and others operate in the processes of growth and development of plants. Understanding the factors that affect the biology of the species is essential for plantations or forest management driving. The objective of this research was to study the phenology and the propagation of Amburana cearensis. The research was conducted at the farm dam, municipality of Soledade-PB and Seed Analysis Laboratory and Tissue Culture of the Federal University of Paraiba. For the phenology held the selection of thirty individuals using the track sampling, followed by georeferencing. The observations occurred at fortnightly intervals, recording phenophases: senescence, budding, flower bud, anthesis and fruit. Also evaluated were different temperatures and substrates for driving germination and vigor of seeds. To assess the emergence and early seedling growth, the following substrates were used: 1) Soil area of seed collection; 2) Basaplant®; 3) Vermiculite; 4) Humus earthworm; 5) Solo collecting area of the seeds + Basaplant® (1: 1); 6) Solo collecting area of the seeds + vermiculite (1: 1); 7) Solo collecting area of the seeds + earthworm humus (1: 1). Seeding was performed manually, using two seeds in each container rigid plastic and polyethylene core. In micropropagation evaluated the influence of different culture media, explants and regulating hormones. According to the results the budding starts even in the dry season, and intensifies with the rains; senescence is intensified with the formation of fruit; the reproductive period (flower bud, anthesis and fruit) is over. For A. cearensis seed germination test can be used paper substrate germitest® at constant temperatures of 25 and 30 ºC, and alternating 20-30 ºC with satisfactory results. In general, the substrates applied in mixture (soil + basaplant®, soil, vermiculite and soil + earthworm humus) associated with plastic provide the emergency, the vigor and growth of seedlings of A. cearensis; the seedlings of A. cearensis have rapid growth up to 30 days. The medium B5 provides the best conditions for germination and early seedling growth of A. cearensis; for germination and early growth of seedlings of A. cearensis not use of sucrose is required in the culture medium; the explant cotyledon node A. cearensis seedlings demonstrates better organogenic competence in the multiplication xx step; the presence of plant growth regulators BAP and ANA has little influence on the growth of shoots in explants A. cearensis; the concentrations of the plant growth regulator AIB favored the emission of root explants A. cearensis; the acclimation of seedlings of A. cearensis the conditions used was low.

The pitombeira [Talisia esculenta (Cambess.) Radlk. (Sapindaceae), a native species of the Amazon region and with a large occurrence in the Caatinga, Cerrado and Atlantic Forest, is explored in the restoration of riparian forests, civil construction, folk medicine and agriculture. Despite its economic and ecological potential, there is no information about its reproductive biology and seed production technology. The objective of this work was to study reproductive biology and to determine the physiological maturity point of the seeds of the T. esculenta species, contributing with information on the management, propagation and conservation of the species. The experiments were conducted in areas of natural occurrence of T. esculenta, in the city of Areia, PB. In the first experiment, aspects of the reproductive biology and the efficiency of the pollination system of the species were studied. The female flowers are morphologically hermaphrodite, but functionally pistilated, due to the presence of non-dehiscent anthers, characteristics that classify it as androdio and indicate that the sexual system of the species may be in an evolutionary process for dioicia. Pollen viability was higher in females; however, males produced more flowers per inflorescence and pollen grains per flower, whose germination of the pollen tube was influenced by sucrose concentration and incubation time. The fruits from the natural and manual cross-pollination tests between male and female individuals presented higher numbers and quality. In the second experiment were determined the physical and morphological characteristics of fruits and seeds, besides the emergence and vigor of T. esculenta seedlings. During maturation, the water content of fruits and seeds decreased as the dry mass, emergence and vigor of the seeds increased. The fruits of T. esculenta should be harvested with the yellow-brown epicarp and the intense pink embryo. The physiological maturity of the seeds occurs between 98 and 126 days after the anthesis, however the dimensions of fruits and seeds are not a good indicator of their maturity.

The cultivation of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) may be an economical alternative for the Brazilian northeast, however, some areas of this region have excess salts in the water. The application of growth regulators may mitigate the deleterious effects of saline stress. The objective of this work was to evaluate the action of biostimulant on the basil culture submitted to saline stress. The experiment was conducted at the Federal University of Paraíba, Campus II, Areia, Paraíba, Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized block, in a factorial of 5 x 5, combined according to the Central Composite matrix of Box, referring to five electrical conductivities of the irrigation water and five doses of plant growth regulator, with minimum values (- α) and (α), respectively 0.5 and 6.0 dS m-1 and 0.0 and 10.0 mL L-1, totaling nine treatments, with four replications and two plants per plot. Plants were evaluated for development, gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence and chlorophyll content as well as soil chemical analysis. There was no interaction between the electrical conductivities of the irrigation water and the doses of plant growth regulator for any studied variable. A statistical difference was found between the electrical conductivities for all growth variables. As for the physiological variables, there was a difference between the electrical conductivities for the chlorophyll indices, initial fluorescence, potential and effective quantum yield of photosystem II, internal CO2 concentration, water use efficiency, water use efficiency and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency. Regarding the soil chemical attributes, an increasing response occurred due to the increase of the electrical conductivities for all variables studied. The salinity of the water causes reduction of the development parameters of basil. Applications of biostimulant have no effect on the growth and physiology of basil when the plants are irrigated with salt water. Saline stress causes changes in potassium and sodium contents, as well as increase in the electrical conductivity of the saturation extract, cation exchange capacity, base sum and base saturation.

Biblical texts have riches to be enjoyed by readers of different sciences and faiths. While theology contributes with experience and knowledge from the perspective of those who have faith, the Sciences of Religions provide the basis for a more refined scholarship and an airing of ideas for the theologian to critically build his reflections upon his beliefs. The objective of this research is to foster the dialogue between exegesis, philosophical hermeneutics, phenomenology and anthropology, by reading of three narratives of Jesus' miracles, in light of some scientists of the religions, for application in Integrative Community Therapy. This work follows the methodology of bibliographical research based on the New Testament texts and on works of specialists from different areas of knowledge, in order to present a reading that makes use of the theory of myth/rite, the experience of the sacred, concepts of alterity, and the paradigm of embodiment in favor of the present-day practice of integral care. In the first chapter we make the exegesis of the New Testament texts, where the meanings connected to the context and the original language of the narrative are highlighted. In the second chapter, we read the texts through the eyes of authors from different areas of knowledge. Finally, the third chapter presents potencial bridges between the integral therapy of Jesus and the TCI methodology.

Depression is a serious, recurring, and disabling mood disorder. It is believed that its etiology is the result of several abnormalities which interact with environmental factors, with stress being the main environment factor with impact on the emergency of the disease. Essential oils have a variety of bioactive compounds, such as phenylpropanoids. These have different pharmacological activities, such as anxiolytic, anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant, and antidepressant, among others. Ortho-eugenol is a phenylpropanoid, a synthetic structural analogous to eugenol, which has already presented various pharmacological activities, including antidepressant activity. However, the lack of research on the possible antidepressant activities of ortho-eugenol encouraged the accomplishment of this work. This study examined the potential antidepressant activity of ortho-eugenol in adult female mice subjected to dexamethasone-induced stress model. To investigate otho-eugenol antidepressant profile, the animals were pre-administered with dexamethasone (64µg/kg s.c.) 3h30 minutes before conducting behavioral tests such as tail suspension, sucrose spraying, and open field; being ortho-eugenol (50, 75 and 100 mg/kg i.p.) and imipramine (10 mg/kg i.p.) administered 30 minutes before testing. In the tail suspension test, dexamethasone group increased immobility time of the animals, while ortho-eugenol in doses of 50 mg/kg decreased immobility time compatible with the standard drug imipramine. Ortho-eugenol, in the dose of 50 mg/kg was able to decrease latency to immobility in comparison with dexamethasone group. Next, the animals were evaluated in the sucrose spraying test, in which ortho-eugenol (50 and 100 mg/kg) increased the grooming time similarly to imipramine. Dexamethasone group increased latency to grooming, and the three doses of ortho-eugenol and imipramine decreased. Finally, the animals were submitted to the open field test to evaluate crossing number, time in the center of the field, rearing number, and latency to rearing. Ortho-eugenol, dexamethasone, and imipramine did not alter any of the open field parameters. In evaluating possible action mechanisms ortho-eugenol, the tail suspension test in doses of 50 mg/kg was chosen, which presented the best effects in the described tests. The administration of the SC23390 antagonist emphasized D1 dopaminergic receptors participation in ortho-eugenol antidepressant activity, as well as a1 adrenergic receptor with the use of prazosin antagonist, and 5-HT2A/2C serotonergic receptors with the use of antagonist ritanserin. The findings demonstrated that dexamethasona protocol was able to induce depression-simile, and that ortho-eugenol did not interfere in locomotive activity of the animals and presented a relevant antidepressant activity through D1 dopaminergic receptors and a1 adrenergic.

Leaf-cutting ants of the genera Atta and Acromyrmex are recognised as important pests of the Neotropics. Currently, the main control method is the use of chemical insecticides. However, there is a growing concern about the negative effects of the frequent applications of insecticides on non-target organisms, human health and the environment. Entomopathogenic fungi can naturally infect insect hosts via direct penetration of the cuticle and have been investigated worldwide as promising biological control agents. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of Beauveria bassiana, Beauveria brongniartii, Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae, Paecilomyces sp. and Aspergillus sp. against leaf-cutting ants in laboratory. We also analyzed the effect of Fipronil on the vegetative growth and conidiogenesis of the fungal isolates. For each species of fungus, an experiment with 90 specimens of leaf-cutting ants was carried out, corresponding to three replicates of 10 ants for each treatment (Treatment 1Control group = autoclaved distilled water + Tween 80 0.01 %; Treatment 2 = suspension of 1.0 x 104 conidia.mL-1 + Tween 80 0.01 %; Treatment 3 = suspension of 1.0 x 108 conidia.mL-1 + Tween 80 0.01 %). The ants were transferred individually to Petri dishes containing filter paper with 1 mL of the conidia suspension and cotton balls moistened with a 10 % honey solution. The plates were kept at a temperature of 25 ± 2 °C and relative humidity of 70 ± 10 %, and evaluated every 24 hours for 10 days, to observe the extrusion of the fungi and to confirm the death of the insects by the pathogens. To determine the effect of the insecticide on the vegetative growth and conidiogenesis of the fungal isolates, 0.8 g/L of the product and 0.3 g/L of penicillin were added to the SabouraudDextrose-Agar culture medium. After 10 days, each colony diameter was measured with a ruler and the conidia were counted using a Neubauer chamber. As a result of the bioassay, both concentrations of conidia used (1.0 x 104 and 1.0 x 108 conidia.mL-1) were able to assure infection and disease progression in the leaf-cutting ants, with the mortality of the ants ranging from 4.80 ± 2.10 to 9.99 ± 0.00 (mean ± SE) and LT50 ranging from 6.01 to 10.22 days. Regarding the two concentrations tested, we observed that, in some cases, insect mortality increased as conidia concentration increased. Among all isolates Aspergillus sp. was the one that had the highest mean mortalities (9.99 ± 0.10 and 9.99 ± 0.00) and the lowest LT50 (6.47 and 6.01 days) for both concentrations. Fipronil-treated fungal isolates showed a reduction in vegetative growth, but the insecticide did not significantly compromise the conidiogenesis of the isolates. In conclusion, the bioassay described in this study allowed the discovery of isolates with great potential to be evaluated in field conditions for the biological control of leaf-cutting ants, contributing to the development of more effective and environmentally friendly alternatives for the control of these insect-pests and Fipronil, was classified as “compatible” with the fungal isolates based on the in vitro compatibility test.

The semi-arid region is a Brazilian region where water resources are limiting to ecological systems, because they are intermittent, present only during rainy periods. Despite being a region with limitations, it presents several urban conglomerates, which leads the aquatic environments to the accumulation of a great load of nutrients, making aquatic ecosystems eutrophized. The objective of this work is to evaluate the main anthropogenic impacts in the region and their effects on the water quality of the Capivara River. Four sampling collections were carried out along the river in three points: at the source, at the confluence with the Riacho do Cachorro, which drains the effluents from Monte Alegre city and the last at the mouth, where the river Capivara flows In the São Francisco River, in Porto da Folha, during the periods of rain and drought, the study occurred in one of the period of low rainfall and poor distribution, the river always remained with water, at the source because it is dammed, at the confluence due to the evictions Of the sewers of the city and at the mouth, due to the influence of the São Francisco River. The temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids, turbidity and pH were analyzed with a multiparameter probe, as well as collected samples and taken to the laboratory for physical, chemical and biological analysis of the main parameters:, Apparent Color, Ammoniac Nitrogen , Nitrate, Nitrite, Sulfate, BOD, COD, Metals and Coliforms. The analyzes made it possible to verify that the waters of the Capivara River are very polluted, with values well above that established by the National Council for the Environment (CONAMA) 357/05 and State Law 5858/06, Especially after receiving the Cachoeiro Creek, which drains the sewage of Monte Alegre. Concomitant with the analysis, we listened to the riverside population through a semi structured questionnaire to evaluate the environmental perception.

Before thepresent situation of loss of natural resources, an impact of human action on the environment, discussions concerning a new development model that prioritizes the equity and the balance between economic growth and sustainability expanded. In order to fomentthis issue, this research was developed, which content isa view on the Indicators of Sustainable Municipal Development in the municipality of Nossa Senhora da Glória-SE. Therefore, to identify the Sustainable Municipal Development Index of the municipality of Santa Catarina, the SMIS - Sustainable Municipal Indicators System, a model developed by Souto (2014) was used as a methodology. According to the adoptedmethodology, a data survey was conducted, and the analysis of variables were related to the Economic, Environmental, Cultural and Institutional Political. The data used are from the secondary type and were obtained through research on the national authorities departments websites, such as IBGE, Labor Ministry and Employment, Education Ministry, Health Ministry and consultation of the Municipality of Nossa Senhora da Gloria-SE, based on the period from 2010 to 2015, except for the information on forests and preserved forests, which was last updated in the 2006 Agriculture Census. The result of this process is the identification of the Sustainable Municipal Development Index of Nossa Senhora da Glória-SE. The acquired index was 0.639, and among the dimensions analyzed, the ones that presented the best performance were the Institutional Politician, who analyzed the municipal management quality and the society's participation, with 0.737 and the Environmental that verified the sanitation conditions, with 0.717. The Sociocultural dimension, which investigated the culture promotion in the municipality, presented an index of 0.605. The lowest index was the Economic dimension, responsible for analyzing employment and income conditions, which stood at 0.499. In the general analysis, the index of sustainable municipal development of the municipality of Nossa Senhora da Glória-SE classified as average, due to the results alternation between the dimensions. Finally, this paper presents as a contribution public policy proposals that can be adopted with a view to correct failures and, consequently, promote improvements in the life quality of the population.

This paper reports the preparation of novel organic-inorganic hybrid materials based on silica gel functionalized with silylating agents (3-aminopropyl) trimethoxysilane (APTS), [3-(2-aminoethylamine)-propyl]-trimethoxysilane (DAPTS) and 3-[2-(2-aminoethylamine) ethylamine] propyltrimethoxysilane (TAPTS) containing complexes ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) of lanthanide trivalent ions (Ln3+: Eu3+, Tb3+, and Gd3+) with luminescence sensitized by diketonates ligands: tenoiltrifluoroacetonate (tta), dibenzoilmetanate (dbm), benzoilacetonate (bzac) and acetylacetonate (acac). All materials were prepared by the heterogeneous route, in successive steps involving: i) functionalization of silica gel with various silylating agents, resulting in SilXN materials; ii) Modification of matrices functionalized with EDTA dianhydride forming SilXN-EDTA hybrids; iii) The adsorption of lanthanide ions, resulting in the SilXN-EDTALn systems; iv) Coordination of diketonate ligands to lanthanide ions. The new materials called as SilXN-EDTALn-dic, wherein X represents the number of nitrogen atoms in the chain silylating agent and dic refers to a diketonate ligand were characterized by elemental analysis, complexometric titration with EDTA, spectroscopy in the region of near Infrared (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis and diffuse reflectance in the UV-VIS region. The results showed that the functionalization processes and modification of silica gel were highly dependent on the nature of the silylating agent, being less efficient for systems with TAPTS. The presence of the ligands on the matrix was characterized by reflectance measurements whereas. The luminescent properties of the hybrid materials containing lanthanide ions and diketonate ligands have been investigated from spectral data of emission, excitation and decay curves, which were compared with those ones for precursor materials presenting water molecules acting as ligands SilXN-EDTALnH2O. All SilXN-EDTAEu-dic and SilXN-EDTATb-dic systems exhibited red and green luminescence when excited by UV radiation, respectively. In general, the processes of intramolecular energy transfer were more efficient for SilXN-EDTAEu-dic materials (for dic: tta and dbm) and SilXN-EDTATb-acac. Quantitative analysis of luminescent materials containing the Eu3+ ion were carried out on the basis of emission quantum efficiency data (n), experimental intensity parameters 2 and 4, Einstein’s spontaneous emission coefficients (A0J) and color coordinates (x,y) CIE. The results indicated that these parameters are sensitive to the type of silylating agent and diketonate ligands coordinated to the metal center, and systems with tta and dbm those who had the highest  values and purest colors, indicating that they are promising for applications such as phosphors.