RCAAP Repository

Two experiments were performed to evaluate the addition of enzymes in diets with nutritional restriction for broilers, 8-21 and 33-47 days of age. From 8 to 21 days were used 900 chicks and 33 to 47 days 300 chickens, both groups, males of Cobb-500 SF, were distributed in a completely randomized design. In 8-21 days, the treatments consisted of: 1. Positive Control (PC); 2. Negative Control (NC) with reductions of 2.5% of CP, Met + Cys, Lys, Thr, AMEn, Ca and Pd; 3. NC + Enzymes Blend 1 (EB1): 200 g/ton of protease (15.000 PROT/kg) + 133 g/ton amylase (80 KNU/kg) + 100 g/ton of phytase (1,000 FYT/kg); 4. NC + EB2: 200g/ton protease (15.000 PROT/kg) + 133 g/ton 80 (amylase KNU/kg) + 250 g/ton of phytase (2500 FYT / kg); 5. NC + EB3: similar to EB1 + 50g/ton of xylanase (100 FXU/kg); and, 6. NC + EB4: similar to BE2 + 50g/ton (100 FXU xylanase/kg), each treatment had ten replicates of 15 birds. In phase 33-47 days, the treatments were: 1. PC; 2. NC1 (reduction of 1.5% in CP, Met + Cys, Lys, Thr, Pd and AMEn); 3. NC2 (3.0% reduction in CP, Met + Cys, Lys, Thr, Pd and AMEn); 4. NC1 + EB4; and 5. NC2 + BE4, each treatment had four replicates of 15 birds. From 8 to 21 days the performance of the birds receiving NC diet supplemented with BE1, BE2, BE3 and BE4 were similar to that birds of PC diet while birds fed the NC diet had the worst performance and economic results. From 33 to 47 days of age, the body weight gain and feed conversion in chicken group fed NC2 + BE4 was better than those group of birds fed NC2 treatment, but there is no difference to chicks fed PC diet. The chickens group fed the NC2 diet + BE4 showed better yields thigh and wing compared to broilers fed the other diets, and the lowest percentage of abdominal fat compared to chickens fed PC, NC2 and NC1 + BE4, and better economic results compared to all other diets. The Seedor Index and bone strength were better for the tibias of groups of birds fed the NC2 + BE4 and PC diets. The addition of BE4 (200g/ton protease or 15.000 PROT/kg + 133 g/ton of amylase or 80 KNU/kg + 250 g/ton of phytase or 2500 FYT/kg + 50 g/ton of phytase and 100 FXU/kg) in diets with reduced of 2.5% of protein, essential amino acids, metabolizable energy, calcium and available phosphorus of 8 to 21 day of age, and 3.0% of 33 to 47 days of age, does not depress the performance, improves bone quality and economic feasibility of chickens compared the birds fed recommended nutritional levels.

The objective was to evaluate the supplementation of L-arginine in diets containing or not milk product for weaned piglets. For this purpose, we used 32 piglets weaned at 21 days of same commercial line, with average weight of 1.919 ± 5.159 kg, distributed in a random block design to control the initial weight differences. The experimental diets were: DS - Diet mainly composed of corn soybean meal without dairy product; DSA - Diet consisting mainly of corn soybean meal without dairy product with supplementation of 0.6% of L-arginine; DL - Diet composed mainly of corn soybean meal with dairy product; DLA - Diet consisting mainly of corn soybean meal with dairy product and supplementation of 0.6% of L-arginine. When the animals reached 43 days of age, one animal from each experimental plot was slaughtered. The productive performance, incidence of diarrhea, glycemic curve, intestinal morphometry, immunohistochemistry, relative organ weight, hepatic glycogen, serum parameters and economic viability were evaluated. The supplementation of 0.6% of L-arginine in diets without or with dairy product increased (P <0.05) the daily weight gain and the final weight of piglets from 21 to 32 days. There was a reduction in the incidence of diarrhea in piglets fed diets with 0.6% of L-arginine, whether or not containing dairy products. In relation to the intestinal morphometry of the animals, it was verified that in the diets containing milk product and 0.6% of L-arginine presented higher (v <0.05) relation villus: crypt. It was also observed in immunohistochemistry, lower rate of mitosis and apoptosis in the jejunum of animals that received dairy diets. On the other hand, the non-dairy diet, when supplemented with 0.6% arginine, increased the serum concentrations of IgA and IgG compared to the non-supplemented. (P <0.05). It is concluded that dietary supplementation of 0.6% of L-arginine promoted an increase in immune activity of weaned piglets at 21 days, improved intestinal integrity and consequently reduced daytime diarrhea. Arginine may mitigate the deleterious effect of whole-plant diets for weaned piglets.

The objective of this study was to determine the ideal dietary neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content that provides the maximization of the productive performance and the ingestive behavior of the Santa Inês sheep finished in feedlot. Thirty Santa Inês sheep were used, with an initial live weight of 23 ± 1.5 kg, distributed in a completely randomized experimental design (DIC), with twelve replicates. The diets were composed of tifton 85 hay grass (Cynodon sp.) And concentrate, and treatments were represented by neutral detergent fiber (NDF) levels (20, 32, 44, 56 and 68% NDF in DM). The supply of increasing levels of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) in the sheep diet altered quadratic (P <0.05) the intake of dry matter (IDM), organic matter (IOM) and crude protein (ICP) expressed in g / day. There was a quadratic effect (P <0.05) on the digestibility of CP and NDF. A quadratic effect was observed for weight gain (WG), daily mean gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (FE). A linear behavior was observed for time spent in feeding and rumination activities in min / day. However, a decreasing linear behavior was observed for the time spent in the leisure activity min / day as the dietary NDF levels were increased. A linear behavior was observed for the variables in relation to the mericized chews. There was no significant effect on the feed efficiency expressed in g DM/h. however, a quadratic change in feed efficiency expressed in g NDF/h was observed. There was a linear decrease in rumination efficiency, expressed in g DM/h, with the increase in NDF levels. However, the increasing NDF level in the diet influenced linearly the ruminating efficiency DM/h. There was no difference in the observations of the number of periods / day of feeding, rumination and leisure. However, a linear decrease was observed for the time spent per period (in minutes) of idle. For Santa Inês sheep destined for feedlot and fed diets based on tifton 85 hay grass, 27 to 30% of neutral detergent fiber in the dry matter of the feed is recommended.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the morphological, productive and chemical characteristics of the forage cactus as a function of three harvest frequencies in the rainfed system. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with three crop frequencies: semiannual, annual and biennial, after the cut of uniformity, which was carried out in January 2017, in the second productive cycle of the cactus tree, cultivated in single rows, for the planting was used the var. Palmepa PB01. The plants were spaced 1.0 m x 0.50 m for cultivation, with a planting density of 20,000 ha-1 plants. In relation to the primary cladodes in the semiannual cuts larger amounts and greater thicknesses were observed. Annual and biennial cuttings showed higher rainfall efficiency, water productivity, forage mass and lower plant mortality ha-¹. For the accumulation of green and dry matter yield, the annual yields presented higher values with 274 and 21.3 tons. ha-¹ respectively. The green and dry forage accumulation rate of annual frequencies presented higher values 13.33 and 1.03 g / kg per day-¹ plant, respectively. The phenotypic correlations between the morphological and productive characteristics vary according to the frequency of harvest, as well as the bromatological composition. The annual harvest frequency provides higher yields, efficiency per area, longevity and water accumulation, which suggests annual harvests of forage cactus.

Two trials were carried out in different production systems (confined in feedlot and field pasture) using supplements for sheep in periods of food shortage in the semiarid region of Paraíba state. In the first study, the effect of molasses levels in the multinutrient blocks on the intake, performance, blood parameters and economic indicators in the diet of feedlot lambs was evaluated. Twenty-four Santa Inês lambs aged 4 to 5 months and 28.9 ± 3.67 kg of initial body weight were randomly assigned to four treatments with 6 lambs per treatment. Treatments consisted of levels of molasses, based on dry matter, in the composition of multinutrient blocks (200, 250, 300, 350 g / kg DM). The hardness of multinutrient blocks decreased linearly (P <0.05) with the increase of molasses in its composition. Molasses levels did not influence total CMS, forage, blocks and nutrient intake (P> 0.05), except for ether extract (P <0.05). The total weight gain and average daily gain of the animals presented negative linear effect (P <0.05) with the increase of molasses level in the multinutrient blocks, however, the conversion and feed efficiency were not influenced (P> 0.05). Molasses level altered blood glucose (P <0.05), but had no influence on the evaluation time (P> 0.05). Blood urea was influenced by treatment and evaluation times (P <0.05), but there was no interaction between treatments x evaluation time (P> 0.05). Serum creatinine was influenced by molasses levels in the blocks (P <0.05). Gross profit margin decreased as molasses level in the multinutrient blocks increased. In this study, it was observed that 200 g / kg DM of sugarcane molasses in the multinutrient block promoted the best performance for Santa Inês lambs without interfering with food intake and was more economically and biologically viable. In the second experiment, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different types of supplementation for Dorper × Santa Inês crossbred lambs grazing Aruana (Megathyrsus maximus cv. Aruana) grazing in the dry-water transition period on intake, weight gain, ingestive behavior and economic indicators. In a completely randomized design, thirty male Dorper × Santa Inês crossbred lambs, 4 to 5 months old and 22.04 ± 1.69 kg of initial body weight were distributed in three treatments with 10 repetitions (T1 - Sal mineral; T2 - Multiple Mix; T3 xviii - Multinutrient Block). Total dry matter intake did not differ between treatments (P> 0.05), however, crude protein intake and water consumption were higher (P <0.05) for animals supplemented with multinutrient blocks. There was no difference for mean lamb weight gain (P> 0.05). Animals that received mineral mix and multiple mix spent more time grazing (P <0.05) than animals that received multinutrient blocks, consequently, spent less time with supplementation (P <0.05). Leisure time differed between supplement types (P <0.05) and for the three treatments, rumination time was equal (P> 0.05). According to economic indicators, there was an increase of 92% in gross margin for diet with mineral mixture when compared to lambs supplemented with multinutrient blocks and 57.5% in relation to the multiple mixture. The type of mineral supplementation can influence crude protein intake and modify the ingestive behavior of Dorper × Santa Inês lambs without affecting their performance during the dry-water transition period under Aruana (Megathyrsus maximus cv. Aruana) grazing. Supplemental diets for lambs with mineral mixture in this experimental condition was more economically viable.

In the search for a sustainable agriculture the use of plant species that promotes soil biological properties has been considered as an alternative to soil conservation practices. Our aim here was to evaluate the effects of plant species cultivation on both the soil macroarthropods and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi communities in a semiarid ecoregion. The study was developed in field conditions, using a randomized blocks design with ten treatments (Crotalaria juncea L., C. spectabilis Roth, C. ochroleuca G. Don, Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC., Dolichos lablab L., Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC., Stilozobium aterrimum Piper & Tracy, Neonotonia wightii (Wight & Arn.) J.A. Lackey, Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br., and a control treatment (a mix of Brachiaria decumbens Stapf cv. Basilisk and native weeds), in three independent blocks. In order to evaluate the effects of plant species cultivation on both the soil macroarthropod and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities, we evaluated the plant dry biomass production, soil pH, soil total organic carbon, species richness (S), Shannon’s diversity index (H') and Simpson’s dominance index (C). For the effects of plant species cultivation on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) communities, we compared our results with two additional control treatments (Eucalyptus globulus Labill and a tropical moist forest). The Shapiro-Wilk test was applied to assess the normality of the data distribution. Two-way ANOVA was used to test significant differences between species richness, H’ index, and C index. The Bonferroni’s test was applied at 5% probability. Based on our results, we generated two equations to estimate the soil biological quality index (IQBS), as well as the mycorrhizal quality index (IQM). We found the highest values of soil macroarthropod richness and H’ index in the plots where C. spectabilis and C. ochroleuca were cultivated. The plant species with the best results in the ecological indexes were P. glaucum, C. ensiformis, S. aterrimum and N. wightii, when compared with Eucalyptus globulus Labill and tropical moist forest.

The production and availability of seeds of castor bean (Ricinus comunnis L.) with physical, genetic and physiological quality, constitutes a challenge to the productive chain, because, despite their own variability concerning seeds, in many cases it is not possible to distinguish visually some genotypes that which can promote the loss of quality. With the aim of establishing spectral markers based on identification of castor seeds already stable and cultivars generations involving different progenitors using spectroscopy, is that this study was developed. Spectroscopy consists of an analytical method, where it is studied the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with the molecules being explored in this study the visible region VIS-NIR, with approximate absorption range between 400 to 750nm and near shortwave infrared band SWNIR between 750 to 1100nm. In the first study, four cultivars were evaluated: BRS Nordestina, BRS Paraguaçu, BRS Energy, BRS Gabriela and the lineage CNPAM 2009-7. The reflectance spectra were recorded in the range of 750 to 1100nm. For Classification models that were used 50 seeds of each material, being selected for the test suite 36 seeds each. The second study evaluated two genitors being: CNPAM 2012-137 and CNPAM 93-168, and their reciprocal generations of F1, F2, F3 and F4. The reflectance spectra were recorded in the visible band VIS-NIR of 400 to 750nm. For classification models were used 20 seeds of each material, and for the test set 10 seeds of each. The readings were made with the seeds always in the same position. The spectra were preprocessed using the algorithm Savitzky-Golay with window of 11 points and first derivative for baseline correction. By PCA (Principal Component Analysis) was established that both the SWNIR band as on VIS-NIR band in study, the results allowed the distinction between the cultivars and reciprocal generations. The SIMCA model demonstrad promising results for classification to the significance levels of 1.5 and 10% in both tracks of study. The SPA-LDA (Sucessive Projections Algorithm-Linear Discriminant Analysis) was efficient classifing correctly all the samples, both in the SWNIR and in the VIS-NIR band. The methods in study have shown to be promising for the phenotypic differentiation of castor bean seeds and their reciprocal generations in a fast, practical and non-destructive.

The present work aimed to analyze the impact of research on the school and academic formation of students linked to the Postgraduate Program in Linguistics (PROLING) and the Postgraduate Program in Literature (PPGL) of the UFPB, at the masters and PhD levels, and their representations about scientific formation, particularly in undergraduate studies, through the analysis of the textual genre Memorial. The theoretical-methodological assumptions are based on Sociodiscursive Interactionism (ISD) (BRONCKART, 1999, 2006), since, as Bronckart (2006, p. 10) argues, ISD aims to demonstrate that the located linguistics practices, as well as the discourse texts are instruments of human development. In this case, we believe that the language actions are effected through the texts and materialized in writing. Furthermore, we also work with Severino (2007); Bortoni-Ricardo (2008); Moita Lopes (2006, 2009); Bazerman (2009); Motta-Roth and Hendges (2010); Bagno (2014); Demo (2006, 2015), among others. Our research has an exploratory and qualitative-interpretative character and falls within the scope of Applied Linguistics (LA). For the proposed study, we initially applied a questionnaire with ten (10) collaborators from the various research lines of the two programs; in a second moment, we requested the written production of the textual genre Memorial of formation, so that through the writing of this genre, the student could expose their experience and involvement with literacy practices during the school formation and, more intensely, in the graduation. Then, we recorded interviews with the students, in order to complement the information regarding the two moments, i.e., the questionnaire and memorial genre. The results pointed out that the practice of research in school environments and, especially, academic ones, allowed the students, who participated in research activities in the school and, more intensely at the university, to construct an authorial stance, as well as the amplification of the various literacies during the formative scientificacademic process. On the other hand, we noticed that students, who did not experience such activities, demonstrated difficulties with the practice of research, especially with academic writing, during the training process in undergraduate and graduate levels. We conclude that the positive impacts of the research on the academic formation of students who participated in projects and disciplines, which could exercise autonomy and thus develop literacy in the early stages of their academic formation, are perceptible.

The objective of the present research is the relation between the linguistic attitude and the presence, the predominant vocal quality and the intensity of the vocal deviation. There were 44 speech samples, from the presence, the predominant vocal quality and the intensity of the deviation for 152 university listeners to perform the judgment of attitudes, through a scale of semantic differential. The results of the research revealed that individuals with vocal deviation were judged negatively in 11 of the 12 attributes, excluding only "calm / agitated". Patients with vocal level deviation were judged to be more "unpleasant," "unfriendly," "introverted," "unsafe," "incompetent," and "dependent" on healthy particles. Patients with the removal of moderated was judged negative in 11 attributes, in relation to patients with mild levels. Individuals with vocal changes were judged as more unpleasant, weak, fragile, ill and dependent, in relation to moderate vocal deviation. There was no association between the type of vocal deviation and the attributes evaluated; The ignition is also related to the severity, vocal deviation intensity, roughness degree, degree of tension, jitter, shimmer and standard deviation of the fundamental frequency. Finally, observe the presence, intensity and type of vocal deviation and the judgment of attitudes. More deviant and blowing voices were evaluated more negatively. Increasing the intensity of vocal deviation and the degree of breathiness reduces the chance of a positive evaluation. For female voices, increasing the degree of breathiness and tension reduces the chance of a positive judgment. Increasing the degree of roughness in the male voices increased the chance of being positive, whereas the greater intensity of the vocal deviation reduced the chance of positive evaluation. It was concluded that a presence of vocal deviation, a predominant intensity and type of voice, resulted in negative judgments by the listeners for dysfunctional individuals and that the acoustic parameters became tools of analysis, gave rise to the linguistic phenomenon.

The narcotic substance trafficking continues to be one of the crimes that most incarcerates individuals throughout Latin America. The data behind this great assault of the penal system reveal – from the idealization of the War on Drugs policy, exported around the world by the United States of America – symptomatic characteristics that refer to the race and social class conditions of the criminalized individuals. In this context, it’s possible to realize, analyzing the last decades, a significant increase in the female incarceration due the several drug trafficking activities. However, it’s possible to notice that some of these activities are fundamentally practiced by women, whereas several of other activities are not usually practiced by them. Considering, from a qualitative perspective, that the percentage of women imprisoned for drug trafficking in Brazil is highly superior compared to the incarceration of men for the same crime, it’s possible to understand that beyond the racial and elitist criteria, deep-rooted on the criminal policy of war on drugs, the gender perspective lies in a subjacent way. The gender criteria cannot be understood isolatedly because it is consubstantialized with the race and social class elements, inherent in the organization of the criminal system itself – that produces an reproduces society. In face of the several drug trafficking activities labeled as “feminine” or ”womanly”, the “mule” activity – the crossing over masculine prisons with drugs stuck on the vagina or anus – appears as an activity almost exclusively executed by women. Showing how the frontiers of the feminine body are used and taken by the drug trafficking, as well as how far is the criminal system wheeling to march and invade, even through most intimate territories. Stands out that a great amount of criminological speeches produced in Brazil, deep-rooted in the slavery logic legacy, put the black women as unworthy of respect (nor “humanity”) , and consequently locate their bodies as a territory with “public space” status. Stands out, as well, that the segregation of the incarcerated people criteria establishes itself in sexist terms, and not gender terms, which means that the research could only reach people biologically understood as “females”. Even so, during the contact with the women incarcerated for the activity of drug “mules” in the Júlia Maranhão Penitentiary, it was detected that all the people imprisoned for this activity identified themselves as cisgender females. Therefore, is problematized what are the contributions of the criminalization of this activity for the formation of the general outlook of hyperincarceration of women for drug trafficking, especially when it’s possible to realize that the transporting of drug in intimate corporal orifices to male prisons is considered as a “women’s job”. Beyond that, is questioned why are these women imprisoned, and how the criteria of race and social class contribute to this massive incarceration, standing out how the frontiers of the drug trafficking and the correlative War on Drugs transpass the dircursive limits and break intimate and visceral borders , projecting themselves through particular territories, and locating their battlefield also on the women’s bodies – mainly the black and poor ones.

Bearing in mind the expressive growth of female incarceration in Brazil in the last decade, massively motivated by the crime of drug trafficking, the purpose of this research is to analyze the selective role of the Brazilian punitive system, especially when targeted at female traffickers. As the main problem, it is analyzed whether and in what way does the criminal selectivity directed at female traffickers exist, by analyzing official statistics on the profile of prisoners in the country. It is based on the hypothesis that the criminal selectivity is existent, expressive, and reaches mainly the groups of women less favored of the society (poor, black, with low level of schooling), being the drug policy extremely harmful especially for the gender female, in view of the expressive participation of women in lower-level assignments in the trafficking network, which are more susceptible to the state punitive filter. The research has explanatory bias, with quantitative-qualitative research method and method of hypotheticodeductive approach. Historical, experimental and statistical methods predominate as methods of procedure. Bibliographic technique and indirect documentation are also used. The scope of this work is to bring the feminist perspective to the human rights level, making possible an understanding of criminal law as an institutional "technology" of gender, and a mechanism for the reproduction of social exclusion. The strong relevance of the work is the approach to a legal problem with strong social reflexes, and its solution implies several other dilemmas of the community, such as the marked street violence, overcrowding in prisons, high state costs for the promotion of drug war, and the control of chemical dependence, wich is the primary purpose of such policy. Thus, criticism is made of the ill-fated strategy of this drugs war, demonstrating the bankruptcy of the punitive option and its evident incompatibility with human rights principles. It concludes by advocating a reformulation of the postmodern criminal logic, through the design of a new minimum criminal law and the necessary decriminalization of the type of narcotics trafficking. Important theoretical framework for this essay are: Alessandro Baratta, Teresa de Lauretis, Carol Smart and Mariana Barcinski.

The Critical environmental education in the continuing formation of teachers linked to the conception of Freire's culture circles in schools is important for the promotion of places of dialogue (reflection) and action (practice), so these ideas can be disseminated beyond the walls of these institutions , thus contributing to a sustainable school. The main objective of the thesis was to develop in a public school, a proposal of critical environmental education based on the methodology of Freire 's culture circles, constituting spaces of continuous teacher education that allows for engagement and integration in the whole school community. The study was developed in the public School of Primary and Secondary Education João Roberto Borges de Souza, with the faculty and representatives of the school and community. The study sought to reach all teachers of the school, being developed in the three shifts (morning, afternoon and night), started in February 2015 and extended until July 2017. The research approach is qualitative; the method chosen was the ethnographic one that enabled the understanding of the facts, allowing to document the undocumented and for the analysis of the data was used the theory grounded with the content analysis of Bardin. The research had four main stages: 1st Survey of the structural conditions of the school, identification of the profile of the teachers and enumeration of the difficulties and potentialities of the school for the progress of the project (Questionnaire); 2 ° Delimitation and development of the subjects to be worked in the continuing formation of teachers (Learning and culture circles of Freire); 3 ° Formation of Com-Vida in the school (Focus group - Representatives of the school and community actors) and 4th Comparative analysis of teachers' projects (developed before and during the development of the thesis). In view of the obtained results, it can be concluded that the Sustainable Schools Project, during the year 2015, 2016 and 2017, provided a continuous improvement of the quality of teaching in the target school, contributing to the implementation of a critical and transforming learning modality , however, many were the mishaps that prevented a continuous experience in EE (Environmental Education) compromising the expected progress of the research. It was noticed that some teachers already tried to work the EE in the school, but did it in an isolated, disciplinary way, however, with the experience of the formations based on the culture circles and with the proposal of the sustainable schools, it was already possible a construction and experience of interdisciplinary projects, providing a new experience, based on what recommends the theme. Regarding the projects developed by the teachers, it was observed that they do it in several aspects, mainly after the formations - environmental, social, economic, cultural; thus opening a space for the construction of a curriculum that educates, which perceives its environment and brings it closer to the school. In order to strengthen a critical environmental education based on sustainable schools and the educating city, it is necessary not only to understand the limits and potentialities of the school, but also to build bridges that will strengthen the curriculum, management and buildings. Thus, we are thinking about the need to rethink and devise strategies that allow teachers to rethink their educational practices and realize the importance of working in a critical, contextualized education capable of forming responsible citizens for what happens to them and to the world.

Our main objective in this work is to analyze Afro-Brazilian identities in content and experiences of students and teachers belonging to the social movements of the State School Coronel José Pinto de Abreu. We seek support in the history of colonial / imperial society to understand the prejudices built on descendants / practitioners of Afro-indigenous cultural manifestations and their strategies for reorganization. In this process of domination / exploitation, the blacks had inserted in their minds a depreciative educational project, inferiorizing and despising their ways of being in the world. Law 11.645 / 2008 and the Racial Equality Statute are some of the devices that attempt to defuse these prejudices, with an emancipatory education, generating equity among all. The school in cities where slave labor was expressive, as in Goiana, is an important space for an increasingly constructive dialogue about a past of oppression, and the present as a challenge based on the legacy of afro-brasilian identities and struggles.

Public policies introduced with the aim of democratizing access to higher education effectively enabled the entry of historically excluded subjects, which required the expansion of policies aimed at remaining in the IFES, among them, actions that refer to student assistance through National Program of Student Assistance - PNAES. In this perspective, we defined as main objective of the research to analyze the contribution of the benefit of the university residence with regard to the stay with success of the students of the undergraduate degree of Campus I of the Federal University of Paraíba. Therefore, we have developed the following specific objectives: to characterize student assistance policy in the context of expansion and social inclusion policies in higher education; map the actions developed by PRAPE aimed at student assistance at the UFPB; to recognize the academic situation of the students benefiting from the University Residence for Men and Women (URMW); analyze the situation that is related to the academic performance of students benefiting from the URMW; and propose actions for the improvement of the academic performance of the beneficiaries of the university residence of the UFPB. This is a study under the qualitative approach of exploratory bias, which uses bibliographical and documentary research as techniques. The Integrated System of Management of Academic Activities (ISMAA) was the main instrument adopted for collection of data. The research population consisted of 362 students benefiting from the URMW in the period of 2015.2 and the sample represented 100% (one hundred percent of this universe). Thus, our research pointed out that the university residence of the UFPB was significantly contributory for 87% (eighty seven percent) of the investigated ones. In addition, some actions were proposed to the managers of the institution, aiming to improve the academic performance and the students' stay with success.

This study provides an analysis of the conceptions and opinions from the technical staff of Federal University of Paraíba about the institute self-evaluation, as part of the Institutional Evaluation that comes from the Higher Education Evaluation National System; clearly analyzing the staff involvement as an agent who deals directly with the university diaries. The focus also was the Superior Education evaluation, their public polices developed along the years, their results, economic and political circumstances which involves the State restructure, the search for quality in evaluation, their democratic way and culture, and the scenario beyond the actual evaluation system in progress. The subject will be approached in an inductive way, in a descriptive character of analysis, using exploratory and applied research. Along the survey applied, we come to the conclusion that the process developed by the CPA is incipient, restricted and devoid of democratic legitimacy.

This work consists of a study of the land use dynamics in Intermares, Municipal district of Cabedelo - PB. It aims at analysing this dynamics in the context of the existent legislation as well as the environmental suitability of the Intermares landscape. In order to carry out this study we started from the relationship behiveen society and nature and its role in the development of the urban and economic theories that generated some of thr environmental theories. The Municipal district of Cabedelo is characterised by its history, urban evolution, physical-environmental characteristics and urban dimension. Based on Loteamento Intermares data we analysed its implantation following by ;t study of suitability of this land division into lots by adjusting the pre- existent environmental conditions.

Adolescence is a peculiar phase of human development, marked by intense physical, sexual, and behavioral transformations. Changes in the distribution of body fat during adolescence are strongly influenced by sexual maturation, and this phase is considered one of the critical periods for the onset of obesity, which in turn may be associated with a set of metabolic alterations such as dyslipidemias and insulin resistance. In this point of view, the objective of this study was to evaluate the relation of the Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) with metabolic alterations in adolescents, according to the stage of sexual maturation. Variables of sexual maturation (Tanner planks), anthropometric variables (weight, height, waist circumference (CC), and biochemical variables (fasting glucose, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, total cholesterol and fractions c and HDLc) and triglycerides), as well as demographic (sex and age). Data from 37,759 Brazilian adolescents aged 12-17 years, of both sexes, who participated in the national population-based study "Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents - ERICA" were analyzed. All analyzes were done in the program Stata 14.0 SE. The adolescents were described according to sex and stage of sexual maturation and were classified according to excess abdominal adiposity, according to the WHtR score. Linear regression models were constructed to observe the relationship between each of the metabolic variables, HOMA-IR, triglycerides, HDL-c, LDL-c, total cholesterol and fasting insulin, and the WHtR. The coefficients of determination of each equation (r2) and the values of the regression coefficients obtained were calculated. The determination of the best cutoff points for predicting insulin resistance, stratified by sex and stratified by sex and stage of sexual maturation, constructed an ROC curve for each group. The areas under the ROC curve and the confidence intervals (95% CI) were used to assess the diagnostic value of the WHtR. The mean age of the adolescents was 14.7 (± 0.008), the majority of the boys were in the final stages of maturation and the girls had a distribution around 30% in stages II, IV and V. Abdominal obesity evaluated by WHtR was more prevalent at the end of sexual maturation in girls and at maturation in boys. The relation of the WHtR varied according to the parameter evaluated. Insulin and HOMA-IR metabolic indicators presented the highest coefficients of determination in the regression equations obtained in the study, especially among boys (r ² 0.43 and r ¼ 0.40, respectively). After analyzing ROC, we observed that. The best cutoff points of rCERs stratifying only by sex were 0.45 for females and 0.44 for males. When Tanner stratification was included, cut-off points were reduced along maturation stages in boys and female adolescents showed an inverse behavior. Because it is easy to measure and interpret, it can be used in risk screening for metabolic changes, especially insulin resistance, especially in boys who initiate sexual maturation.

Myracrodruon urundeuva Fr. Allemão (Anacardiaceae) is a species of occurrence in the northeastern region of Brazil, popularly known as aroeira-do-sertão, one of the plants whose medicinal use is the most widespread in the region, especially for its ethno-pharmological properties, including antimicrobial activities. According to the documented knowledge on the phytotherapeutic use of aroeira, it was included in the official list of ANVISA Plants, but due to the inadequate extractivism the species was considered in the Official List of Brazilian Flora Species Threatened by Extinction elaborated by the Biodiversitas Foundation under the auspices of the Ministry of the Environment. This work aimed to develop a methodological model to evaluate the integrity of M. urundeuva considering the biological and thermal characterization of the species. The seeds were studied in three different maturation stages I green, intermediate II and mature III, using different analytical methods for their characterization. The material was collected in the municipalities of Sumé and São João do Cariri in the semi-arid region of Paraíba, Brazil. In the biometric characterization the diameter, width and thickness of 100 seeds were determined at each maturation stage using a digital caliper. Seeds in different phases had mean length, respectively, of phase I (4.44 mm), phase II (4.42 mm) and phase III (3.33 mm). In the thermogravimetric characterization, the moisture content was determined by the air circulating greenhouse method in which the samples S1, S2 and S3 presented 74%, 56% and 8.8%, respectively, . for the samples of SJ1 SJ2 and SJ3 presented 69%, 9.3% and 3.4% of the moisture present in the seeds, and the ash content was determined by the methodology 018 / IV Residue by incineration - Ash (IAL, 2005). The samples were analyzed by thermogravimetric (TG) techniques in the heating ratios 5, 10, 20 and 40 ° C.min-1 and differential thermal analysis (DTA) 10°C.min-1. In the TG curves six mass degradation events were observed, both in the inert and oxidative atmosphere, indicating similarity between the profiles, having as results of the activation energy S1, S2 and S3 102,37, 94,41, 94,34 jmol-1 and SJ1, SJ2 and SJ3 97.66, 100.85 and 96.75 mol-1. DTA curves showed two exothermic events in the temperature ranges of 250 ° C to 380 ° C and 420°C to 510°C, and the peak ranging between 312 - 349°C and 449 - 475°C. Pyrolysis coupled to gas chromatography / mass spectrometry (PYR-GC / MS) showed fragments similar to the different stages. For the plant production and monitoring of the development of the shoots, six matrices and 20 buckets per matrix were used, 4 seeds per bucket and 80 seeds per matrix. The results of the M. urundeuva plant production were presented for their germination, development and mortality.

The Annonaceae family comprises about 2.500 species distributed in 108 genera by tropical and subtropical regions. Among its genera, Xylopia is considered one of the largest, presenting a predominance of alkaloids and diterpenes as secondary metabolites in its species, as well as a great pharmacological potential. Xylopia frutescens, commonly known as "embira-vermelha", is widely used in folk medicine, but few scientific studies are reported for the species. For the study, the X. frutescens stem bark was collected in Santa Rita - PB, dried in a greenhouse at 40 ºC and crushed. The dried powder was extracted with 95% ethanol and the resulting solution was concentrated in a rotary evaporator to give the crude ethanolic extract. This was partitioned, resulting in the hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate phases. The chemical structures were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and compared with literature data. A precipitate formed in the hexane phase was identified as a mixture of diterpenes: ent-caur-16-en-19-oic acid and enttraquiloban-19-oic acid. The chloroform phase was submitted to medium pressure liquid chromatography, obtaining fractions that were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to the diode arrangement detector on an analytical scale and fractionation on a semi-preparative scale, leading to the isolation of four alkaloids and a lignan, identified as pseudopalmatine, oxobuxifoline, lysicamine, laurotetanine and syringaresinol-β-D-glycoside, respectively. The identified substances are being described for the first time for the species, except for laurotetanine. Another fraction of this same phase was analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to the mass spectrometer, presenting eight main peaks that were putatively identified as aporfinic and oxoaporfinic alkaloids with their substituents. The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger apparatus and characterized by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectroscopy. The chemical composition of the essential oil was monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, with β-pinene (2.52%), 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene (3.2%), citronellol (1.06%), geraniol 35%), thymol (2.96%), elemol (1.36%), spatulenol (1.08%) and cadin-4-en-10-ol (1.79%) as major constituents. The antimicrobial activity of the essential oil was investigated through the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), showing antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Morganella morganii (MIC: 1024 μg / mL) and strong antifungal activity against Cryptococcus gattii (INCQS-40113) of 32 μg / mL and 256 μg / mL for Candida tropicalis (ATCC-13803), being classified as a strong antimicrobial potential for complementary studies.

Strength training (ST) has been an important influential factor promoting benefits such as increased strength, production of anti-inflammatory adipokines, increased muscle mass and decreased body fat. However, blood flow restriction ST (BRF) appears as an alternative to high load TF because it is characterized by the use of smaller charges associated with BRF to promote strength gains and hypertrophy similar to conventional ST. Body overweight individuals may benefit from training since they present natural mechanical overloads, causing a decrease in physical performance, and facilitating the adhesion of the appearance of osteoarticular lesions. Thus, the objective was to analyze the effect of strength training with restriction of blood flow on the metabolic parameters, body composition and neuromuscular performance in overweight men.The sample consisted of 18 subjects with age (27.66 ± 3.61 years), body mass index (27.42 ± 1.14), fat percentage (28.38 ± 3.84) and training time ( 2.77 ± 0.73 months). Subjects were randomized to the following groups: low-load strength training at 30% of 1RM (LLST), low-load with blood flow restriction strength training at 30% of 1RM (LLSTBFR), and high-load strength training at 80% of 1RM (HLST). The subjects will perform the first visit regarding body composition assessment, blood tests and the 1RM test, after 48 hours were exposed to three experimental visits weekly to the laboratory with washout of 48hs between them for 8 weeks, shortly after this period of The same analyzes were carried out at the first visit. For the inferential analysis for the main outcomes, we adopted the generalized estimation equations (GEE) model with log binding function and gamma distribution to observe the main effects and interactions. The main findings were: serum levels of leptin and insulin showed a significant decrease in the moments (pre and post) and between the groups LLSTBRF and HLST compared to LLST (p ≤ 0.05), whereas the C reactive protein only decreased in the HLST group in the comparison between the moments (p ≤ 0.05). The lipid profile showed a significant decrease in the serum total cholesterol concentrations for the HLST group (p ≤ 0.05) at the time, triglycerides and high density and low density lipoproteins presented significant alterations in the LLSTRBF and HLST groups in the comparisons between the moments (p ≤ 0.05) and between the LLSTBRF and HLST groups in relation to the LLST. We also observed a significant increase (p ≤ 0.05) in BM of the HLST group between the moments, significant increase (p ≤ 0.05) of BMI in the LLSTBRF and HLST groups between the moments, a significant decrease (p ≤ 0.05) in GBM and % F between LLSTBRF and HLST groups, and a significant increase (p ≤ 0.05) in MCM in both groups, but with a greater magnitude in LLSTBRF and HLST. The muscle strength levels for the LLSTBRF and HLST groups increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) at moments (pre and post) and in all exercises, except for the leg press. In the comparison between the groups, there was a significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) for the LLSTBRF and HLST groups in relation to the LLST in all the exercises. We conclude that from 8 weeks of training of LLSTBRF and HLST, it is possible to observe effective improvements in inflammatory metabolism, body composition and neuromuscular performance when compared to LLST in overweight conditions.