RCAAP Repository

Widely cultivated in the Northeast Region of Brazil, forage palm belongs to the family Cactaceae, with Opuntia and Nopalea as the main genera. Studies involving gas exchange, chromosome variation and physiological quality of seeds belonging to different species in this family are still incipient. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the gas exchange, to correlate the ploidy levels with phenotypic characteristics of interest for genetic improvement and to analyze the physical and physiological quality of forage palm seeds as a function of ploidy level. The cultivars used were obtained at the Agronomic Institute of Pernambuco (IPA). The research was developed in three experiments: in the first (i), gas exchange evaluation was performed in 21 cultivars, belonging to Opuntia ficus-indica, O. stricta, O. undulata, O. atropes, Opuntia sp. and Nopalea cochenillifera. The cladodes were cultivated in a greenhouse, and the secondary cladode was evaluated at 00:00 hours, using the portable infrared gas analyzer - IRGA. Gas exchange parameters evaluated: CO2 net assimilation rate, stomatal conductance, CO2 concentration in intercellular space, transpiration and leaf temperature; Based in part on these data, the instantaneous and intrinsic water use efficiency and the instantaneous carboxylation efficiency were estimated. Data were statistically analyzed by boxplot and then subjected to multivariate principal component and cluster analysis. In the second experiment (ii), for chromosome characterization, six species of Opuntia, totaling 17 cultivars and 7 cultivars of N. cochenillifera were evaluated by double staining with the fluorochromes Chromomycin A3 (CMA) and 4′, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). In the IPA Germplasm Bank, quantitative characteristics (width, length, thickness, cladode area, total number of cladodes, plant height and total photosynthetic area) were determined to be correlated with ploidy level; The degree of association between the ploidy level of each cultivar and the variables were analyzed using Pearson's linear correlation coefficient. The cultivars were separated into three groups based on the number of chromosomes: diploid (2n = 22), tetraploid (2n = 44) and octaploid (2n = 88). The evaluation of the productivity was done at the end of two year production cycle. The qualitative variables drought adaptation (1 = drought-adapted and 2 = less drought-adapted) and carmine cochineal resistance (A = resistant; B = susceptible), as well as the presence of thorns (few thorns = up to 4 thorns and many thorns = from 5 to 9 thorns per areolas) were characterized and evaluated by analysis of variance, and the Tukey test was applied to identify the source of significance. In the third experiment (iii), physical quality was characterized by mass of one thousand seeds and number of seeds per fruit and fruit biometrics taking into account: length, diameter and weight of fruits. For seed physiological quality analysis, the first emergence count, emergence percentage, seed electrical conductivity, shoot and root length, fresh and dry seedling mass were considered; The cladodes were analyzed by length, width, fresh and dry mass. Data analysis was performed in a nested scheme design, with three ploidy levels and three cultivars within each level. Based on the results of the first experiment, there was variation between genera and forage palm cultivars for gas exchange, being possible the formation of three cultivars groups and two main components. The cultivars ‘Verdura’ (Opuntia sp. _3) and ‘Orelha de Elefante Mexicana’ (O. stricta_1) have higher photosynthetic performance, while ‘IPA Clone 20’ (O. ficus-indica_3) and ‘F21 Sementes’ (Nopalea_1) have lower transpiration. The cultivars ‘Orelha de Elefante Mexicana’ (O. stricta_1); ‘Miúda’ (Nopalea_4) and ‘Copena’ (O. ficus-indica_1) have greater adaptation to arid and semiarid regions. In the second experiment, all cultivars of N. cochenillifera, O. atropes and O. undulata ‘Orelha de Elefante Africana’ have 2n = 22 chromosomes. Tetraploid individuals (2n = 44) were identified in four Opuntia and octaploid cultivars (2n = 88) in 10 cultivars of the same genus. CMA/DAPI banding revealed only one type of heterochromatin formed by CMA+/DAPI- bands. Regarding the third experiment, it was observed that the ploidy level is correlated positively (p < 0.05) with the number of seeds per fruit and the physiological quality of seeds and seedlings. However, cultivars behave differently (p < 0.05) within the same ploidy level. The vigor and emergence of polyploids stand out over diploids.

Hydraulic fracturing consists of a technique capable of stimulating oil wells that have suffered a decline in production over time, as well as allowing the production of reservoirs that have low permeability, through the creation of a network of channels in the rock, promoting the connection between the pores in the rocky environment. The hydraulically induced fracture in the formation is generally created and propagates at great depths in the reservoir rock. There are several models of fractures that have been developed until then. These models aim to get as close to the real as possible and determine the geometry that the fracture forms in the formation. Currently, some softwares have been developed and used for this type of study. This dissertation aims to numerically simulate the hydraulic fracturing applied in an arenite reservoir according to data extracted from an oil well that has suffered a decline in production over time and also to simulate hydraulic fracturing in the same reservoir with different permeabilities for serve as sensitivity data. The reservoir has a permeability equivalent to 30 mD. For sensitivity data, simulations were performed for different permeabilities, maintaining the same input data regarding the reservoir, also varying the type of propant to be added to the fracture fluid. For this, the software Stimplan-3D was used for the hydraulic fracture simulation of a real well already drilled in the Aracaju City field of the Sergipe-Alagoas Basin. With the input data a geological model of the reservoir was generated. Subsequently, a fracture of controlled form was created in the rock-sandstone reservoir. The geometry of this fracture follows the Perkins and Kern model in that the crack is long and at the same time narrow, presenting an increasing length over time with a constant height. The first simulation was performed for the case where the rock-reservoir has a permeability of 30 mD, and the fractured fluid is used as the propellant type of 30 # X-Link and Bauxite. For sensitivity data, a few more simulations were performed considering that the rock-reservoir had the following permeabilities: 1 mD, 10 mD, 20 mD and 30 mD. For these, the same type of fluid was maintained, but another type of propeller, the Ottawa Sand was used. The results showed that the fracture takes a satisfactory proportion in the rock-reservoir with good accommodation of the granular material inside the fracture for all the cases. The fracture reached a greater penetration depth in the reservoir rock for the cases where the permeability was 1 mD and 30 mD than for the permeabilities of 10 mD and 20 mD. The injection pressure behaved as expected for all simulations, initially high and subsequently suffered decline caused by the addition of certain proppant concentrations. The fracture conductivity was higher for the permeability of 1 mD and lower for the permeability of 30 mD. However, for all cases with different permeabilities, the fracture created in the rock formation, behaved according to the Perkins and Kern fracture model.

With the reconfiguration of the technology and the transition from an era to an era where converging the connection is done, it has been constant in individualization of content the center point of a powerful debate about audience and content production reflecting the interactivity in TVs in Brazil, especially the Legislative TVs where the focus of the research will be directed to the experiences of the contexts: national (TV camera and TV Senate) and local (TV House PB and TV Camera João Pessoa). The main objective of this research is to explore the relationship of these TVs from the interactivity and at the same time, check that the form occur the movement and spread of content and what your relationship with the audience. Taking into consideration that this for your time, can contribute to the construction of a more participative and dynamic model from the media streams, as well as, the major events are responsible for large-scale growth of the audience of these stations which in your time, going on to become fragmented as a result of the participation of the individual in the most diverse platforms reflection of the phenomenon of propagabilidade and audiovisual enjoyment. The methodology was based on the analysis of content that uses systematic procedures and objectives description of contents of messages. Having knowledge inference concerning production conditions (or eventually, reception) and associated with it the application of audiovisual design (DA) highlighting the roles of synthesizer, modifier and producer as well as the motivation for participation in this process. The results explain the low ratings of these TVs which focuses on content production and with the possibility of uplift to the broadband system to spread open and content on demand

To understand how different species interact and the mechanisms responsible for maintaining biodiversity observed in nature is a still open issue in ecology. Several simplified models have been proposed and extensively studied in the last few decades. As an example we can mention the acyclic predator-prey model of Lotka-Volterra, used to study the transitive competing relationship (hierarchical) between two or more species, and the rock-paper-scissors models involving three or more species in a intransitive relationship. It is well known that intransitivity may lead to biodiversity. On the other hand, in transitive relationship, the ecological importance of the apex predator has has been the focus of several investigations. The presence of an apex predator in a given ecosystem may favor coexistence of species, since it can diminish the process of competitive exclusion, imposing its own order to the set of species. This is known as predator-mediated coexistence and has been identified in several distinct settings, such as coral reef communities, communities of birds, and vegetationally diverse environments. This thesis deals with the effects of an apex predator on the cyclic competition among three distinct species that follow the rules of rock-paper-scissors game. We add the apex predator as the fourth species in the system that contains three species that evolve following the standard rules of migration, reproduction and predation, and study how the system evolves in this new environment, in comparison with the case in the absence of the apex predator. We use the principle of maximum entropy to derive a mathematical expression to connect the density of maxima of an observable to its autocorrelation function. We use the Hamming distance concept to differentiate the random behavior from the chaotic behavior of the systems studied. The results show that species in a cyclic competition engenders the tendency to cluster as a survival mechanism and the apex predator tends to spread uniformly in the lattice, diminishing the average size of the clusters of the species that compete cyclically.

In this thesis, we prove the Hörmander’s theorem for a stochastic evolution equation driven by a trace-class fractional Brownian motion with Hurst exponent 1 2 < H < 1 and an analytical semigroup {S(t);t ≥ 0} on a given separable Hilbert space E. In contrast to the classical finite-dimensional case, the Jacobian operator in typical parabolicstochasticPDEsisnotinvertiblewhichcausesaseveredifficultyinexpressing the Malliavin matrix in terms of an adapted process. Under Hörmander’s bracket condition on the vector fields of the stochastic PDE and the additional assumption that S(t)E isdense, weprovethelawoffinite-dimensionalprojectionsofthestochasticPDE at time t has a density w.r.t Lebesgue measure. The argument is based on rough path techniques in the sense of Gubinelli (Controlling rough paths. J. Funct. Anal (2004)) and a suitable analysis on the Gaussian space of the fractional Brownian motion.

The safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is an energetic oilseed with high oil contents ranging between 35 to 48% and has high adaptability to dry and arid regions, may be a good alternative source for biofuel production in the Brazilian semiarid. The methyl biodiesel was obtained via transesterification reaction of the oil from two safflower varieties: one with 76,87% of oleic acid (C18:1) and another with 60,1% of linoleic acid (C18:2). The reactional conditions for obtaining of biofuel from both varieties were: 2% of catalyst (KOH), preheating oil to 50 °C, with moderate agitation for 1 hour and a ratio of 1:6 oil/methanol. In these reactional conditions was possible to obtain conversions rates in esters of 97,58% for the biodiesel of oleic safflower (BOS) and 98,61% for the biodiesel of linoleic safflower (BLS). Were investigated all the quality parameters required by the ANP (National Agency of Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels) for the biodiesels, in order to viabilize its use by total or partial replacement of petroleum diesel. Was carried thermo-oxidative test by method in oven at 65 °C for 25 days of continuous exposure, showing that the biodiesel of the oleic safflower variety (BOS) presented better results of resistance to thermal degradation, reaching the limit of 100 meq/Kg in 360 h, while the biodiesel of the linoleic safflower variety (BLS) exceeded this limit in less than 72 h. The same was evidenced in the Rancimat® test, where the BOS showed oxidative stability of 3,6 h, while the BLS exhibited a stability of only 1 h (what was expected, since this have higher percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially the linoleic acid). The test of generator engine was done by comparing the consumption of diesel (0.679 L/h) with the blends consumption (diesel/biodiesel); where the mixtures of Diesel/BOS presented the following consumption: 0,646 (B5); 0,554 (B20); 0,632 (B50); 0,658 (B70) and 0,687 (B100); against 0,663 (B5); 0,564 (B20); 0,643 (B50); 0,658 (B70) and 0,692 (B100) for the blends of Diesel/BLS. Practically all the parameters evaluated in this comparative study indicate the superiority of the biodiesel from the oleic safflower oil in relation to the variety of linoleic safflower.

The pedagogical moments technique has been used as a possibility of knowledge organization in science classes, and has emerged as a proposal to teach this discipline aiming at scientific literacy. This research was carried out in a private elementary and middle school, located in the neighborhood of Bessa, in the city of João Pessoa, in the state of Paraíba, whose sample consisted of 37 students from the 8th grade of Elementary School II of the same class. Didactic sequences were constructed, validated, applied and analyzed that contemplated the pedagogical moment concerning the Initial Problematization (PI). The activities, called Learning Situation (SA), aimed to challenge students to use their "spontaneous knowledge" to answer questions and questionings proposed in three activities. The goal of this step is to make you feel the need to acquire scientific knowledge. We dealt with questions about metallic elements involving historical, environmental and occurrence aspects in the composition of foods and beverages. The results of the research showed that the students had little or no initial idea regarding the occurrence, properties, application and importance of metals, mainly in the daily life. It was noticed that the students were motivated to learn the scientific concepts necessary to understand what was questioned in the initial problematization. The analysis and cognitive sizing of the conceptions that the students presented, were shown as fundamental tools for the elaboration of the didactic sequence that could contemplate the Organization and Application of knowledge stages.

The objective of this research was to evaluate the Urban Mobility and the Green Areas of the Municipality of João Pessoa, in the perspective of the development of a sustainable city. The theoretical basis of the research was elaborated with the aid of the norm ABNT NBR ISO 37.120:2017, which gives the necessary parameters to evaluate the sustainable development of communities. Periodic visits were made to the Secretaria de Mobilidade Urbana (SEMOB) and the Secretaria de Meio Ambiente (SEMAM) of the Municipality of João Pessoa, as well as the Superintendência de Administração de Meio Ambiente (SUDEMA) and the e no Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis (IBAMA/PB), to obtain official documents for analysis, how visits were made in various sectors of the city to map out the green areas of the municipality and evaluate its main Urban Mobility Programs. Questionnaires were also developed, which were answered by randomly chosen people. It was verified that the Municipality of João Pessoa has been carrying out Projects of Sustainable Urban Infrastructure, interventions in various sectors of the city, including asphaltic capping, widening of roads, installation of cycle paths, lowering of pavements, exclusive lanes for buses, improving mobility of the population. Although the efforts of the city council to facilitate urban mobility in the Municipality of João Pessoa are notorious, most respondents informed that the excess of vehicles is the greatest difficulty for road dislocations. In addition, the poor quality of the buses and the waiting time of more than 30 minutes discourage the use of this type of transportation, making João Pessoa a city that uses the urban automobile-road model for the mobility of the population. Regarding the green areas, Mata do Buraquinho, Parque Arruda Câmara and the Praça da Independência are frequented by a large portion of the population. The majority of the respondents recognized that the Municipality of João Pessoa as a green city, being prepared to receive the title of sustainable city. It is concluded that the Municipality of João Pessoa is conducting urban mobility projects and in the green areas, transforming it into a sustainable city.

Social participation in the planning and execution of indigenous territorial and environmental management is essential for participatory management in overlapping areas: territories that are Conservation Unit (CU) and also Indigenous Land (IL), simultaneously. However, although this participation is established in the legal norms in force, it is still a challenge due to conflicting and divergent interests of the social actors, environmental managers, indigenist body, and the indigenous people. In this perspective, the general objective of this study was to analyze the factors that impede the accomplishment of the participatory management in the following overlapped areas: the Potiguara and Potiguara Montemor IL with the Área de Proteção Ambiental da Barra (APA) do Rio Mamanguape and Área de Relevante Interesse Ecológico (ARIE) Manguezais da Foz do Rio Mamanguape in Paraíba. This is an ethnographic research, with semi-structured interviews and participant observation, documentary analysis, social cartography with life maps, and quantitative analysis with the application of questionnaires during the first Potiguara TMP. From the results, it was observed that the correlation of political and economic forces in the context of socioenvironmental conflicts leads to weak effectiveness in the participation of the Potiguara in the territorial management of the overlapping area. The limiting factors of participatory management identified in this process were: the indifference of the environmental body, manager of the CU, towards the indigenous people; economic and political interests; nondiscursive mediations which make communication between environmental bodies and indigenous groups unfeasible. Finally, the data show the indigenous empowerment in the process of elaborating the TMP, with the support of the Interdisciplinary Group of Research, Culture, Society, and Environment of the UFPB, and it is suggested that the positive right of the State should not be used authoritatively towards traditional communities, and should respect the juridical pluralism of indigenous people and their well-living.

The use of biodegradable starch based films and recoveries goes beyond the conservation of plant products, as films and recoveries alter the physiology of these plant products. Given this, the studies should be directed to an evaluation of the physiological changes of the recovered or packaged products and deepen a discussion about several starch sources that can be used and what are the technological implications for this use. Thus, the objective of this work was to develop multifunctional films and recuperators from different starch sources, as well as to evaluate the impact on the physiology and postharvest conservation of recovered and packaged fruits. Experiments performed to determine starch from different sources, glycerol concentration and essential oils. The methods and procedures for film and recuperator repair have been adjusted to ensure better dispersion and adherence to the fruit surface, but also to produce resistant films with characteristics that allow a modified atmosphere to be generated. “Atmosphere generation modified by biodegradable starchy jackfruit-based starch pouches for blueberry packaging ”And“ Jackfruit Starch Coating Delays Volatile Release and Maintains 'Haden' Mango Flavor ”was burned at Michigan State University in the Department of Horticulture Post-Harvesting Lab and at the School of Packaging Packaging Laboratory and in the experiment “Physiology and quality of 'Tommy Atkins' mangoes fully and partially coated with jackfruit starch associated with essential oils” was developed at the Post Harvest Biology and Technology Laboratory of the Center for Agricultural Sciences at the Federal University of Paraíba. In-depth studies on starches not included are still scarce. In the present work, it was evaluated the use of a seed starch for the reproduction of biodegradable films with different characteristics, as well as its application for the formation of modified atmosphere with potential use for plant products. In addition to the use of starch from jackfruit seeds in the form of films, it has also been studied as coatings. As storage atmosphere modifying agents and influence the release of volatiles, perspiration, respiratory rate and sensory and physical-chemical characteristics.

The main purpose of this dissertation is to research the Habermasian perspective trough a theoretical cutout: a decision making in the political sphere is anchored into a lifeworld and communicative action, which enables the formation of an identity. In order to sustain such hypothesis, foremost, it would have to contextualize the paradigm shift effected by Habermas. That is, about how it was given, in modernity, the transition from the paradigm of reason to the paradigm of language. The first paradigm is thought from Descartes and Kant, in which reason is founded on certainties. The second paradigm is approached from the Habermas refusal to such paradigm without falling into a common place of a new rejection of the tradition. In Habermas's understanding, a purely rationalist paradigm would not have the possibility of developing the philosophy given its attention in the subject-object relationship. The pragmatic turn in Jürgen Habermas, displacing the focus to language, understanding as a medium between the relationships of lifeworld. After approaching the importance of language, the lifeworld and communicative action, it could engage into the formation of the medium personality both by the language and by the communicative action that occurs in the lifeworld. The personality´s formation is given through the intersubjective interaction mediated by the language. Such personality is oriented into the pursuit of a mutual understanding. The same is also oriented towards an ethics of discourse, that is, the subject has the ability to judge and criticize ethical norms, and also to raise pretensions of validity. By making such an approach to the identity and its relationship with the ethics of the discourse, it is explained that such formation of the personality of the subject also is relating to the political environment. Thus, through mutual understanding, the individual is able to form consensus in the political sphere. The decisions-making are not unilaterally effected, but is needed the reasons why are deciding on something that will affect the others. That way, the individual must argue about his reasons. Therefore, the lifeworld is where all the social interactions take place that are mediated by the language that enables the formation of identity of the individual who seeks mutual understanding and raises pretensions of validity in both the ethical field and the politics field.

This dissertation deals with the question of ressocialization and the protection network for young people in conflict with the law, centring on the experience of the city of Cabedelo, in Paraiba state (Brazil). The study sought answers to the following questions: The National System of Socio-educational Assistance (SINASE) was implanted in the city of Cabedelo based on a human rights perspective? What are the fragilities and potentialities of SINASE in Cabedelo? How has the experience in Cabedelo affected the human rights of adolescents and young people in conflict with the law? The objectives of this study were elaborated on the basis of these questions taking as its general objective that of investigating and analysing the configuration of the Network of Integral Protection of Cabedelo based on the human rights perspective of young people in conflict with the law. With regard to the specific objectives, we sought to contextualize the socio-education policy in Cabedelo and the implantation of SINASE based on a human rights perspective, to analyse the functioning of the Network of Integral Protection based on the actors involved and to construct a socio-economic map of the network /social equipment in Cabedelo. In order to carry out the research, we developed a set of methodological procedures which covered the collection, treatment and analysis of the data on which the results of this study are based. We opted for a qualitative approach carrying out open interviews with actors representing the Network of Socio-educational Assistance. The research objectives were essentially descriptive making use of bibliographic and documental studies and fieldwork for the collection of data. The instruments employed included direct observation of the meetings of the Network, the use of a fieldwork diary, interviews and informal conversations. The results of the investigation revealed a map of the services and socioassistential, juridical, educational, leisure and cultural networks in Cabedelo and, at the same time, the fragility of the participation of the governmental and non-governmental entities.

In April 2015, the Zika virus occurrence in Brazil had confirmation; this fact had treated as something of less offensive potential when compared to Dengue, an old acquaintance of Brazilians. In the second semester of that same year, the link between the agent and the increase on the microcephaly cases in the northeast of the country had confirmation. The Zika epidemic, so the malformations cases, had narrated from the most diverse speeches. The aim of this work was compare the speech of the Brazilian government about this event with the narrative of women who are caregivers of children born with Zika congenital syndrome, which had been attending by an outpatient clinic located in Campina Grande-PB and to draw a sociodemographic profile of the users. Thus, we consult official documents, such as protocols, resolutions, laws and decrees to verify the construction of the content so as the form of the official hegemonic narrative about the fact. We also carried out a bibliographic research, which the results we used for the theoretical foundation of the present work with the intent of better understand the biopolitics exercise on a vulnerable population in the previous periods and during the outbreak. For this, we analyzed works of Michel de Foucault and to better contextualize the described facts we used texts of Debora Diniz, who is reference on discussions about the Zika arrival and consequences for the social context. To investigate the gender issues pertaining to the data, we used the Judith Butler production. In order to approach at the women's narrative we conducted a field survey through interviews, which consisted in a semi-structured instrument separated into topics and divided by themes such as daily routine, social context and access to public services and policies. With the obtained data was possible reach the caregivers sociodemographic profiles and also allowed us to collect reports from their lived experience. As a result, we verified the initial hypothesis that women who living in areas where the epidemic had a greatest impact were already in a precarious condition, which was aggravated after the congenital malformations outbreak caused by zika virus infection during pregnancy. This situation led the most part of the women to assume the position of caregivers. We also verified the ineffective performance of the Brazilian government in reaction to the epidemic.

The present dissertation, titled: "EDUCATION IN / FOR HUMAN RIGHTS: What do the textbooks teach us about History is an analysis of some textbooks of History adopted by public high schools in the Mamanguape Valley/ PB, in order to understand how they have problematized themes related to Education in/ for Human Rights. The textbook, object of our research, is a relevant tool capable of contemplating an EDH for Citizenship, since it is systematically employed by the educator and widely adopted as a basic element in the organization of educational work. Much more than simple didactic material, the book is configured as a political-ideological instrument, a space that undergoes the actions of a complex process of relations and interests of many social groups. In the course of the research, two methodological procedures were used, which were complemented in the research action: a content analysis according to the model of Bardin (2016) and discourse analysis according Orlandi (2000). The methodological approach is, therefore, of a qualitative nature. The research results brought a grateful confirmation: the fact that Didactic Books (at least those examined) offer numerous possibilities for realizing HRE. We try to point them out as far as possible. In a wider sense, the results allowed putting in question our personal prior idea ~- charged of speechs presented in Basic Education – that textbooks do not provide rhe HRE.Of course, these results are relative and demand new studies because there are Didactic Books and Didactic Books, texts and texts. If we observed that the LD (at least those analysed) propitiate HD and EDH, why this knowledge does not materialize in the Schools? The reflections leads to another level of considerations, to the educational practices and to a perhaps previous problem: the teacher education (initial formation). In this way, the achieved results give rise to a more far-reaching reflection: how did the didactic texts better may instill the discourse of the DH at a time when attempts are being made to deconstruct it? Why has not it instituting force like authoritarian discourse? It is necessary to analyze better the discursive nuclei of authoritarian ideological formations to reflect on the discursive arguments/counter-arguments necessary for their refutation, in favor of Culture to/for Human Rights. The purpose of this study is leave to the reader, especially to the educators committed to an education focused on the respect to a Culture of Human Rights, the task of facing seldom explored territories in the educational area, with respect to the HRE to take account of the need to internalize a more politicized positioning against the instruments used in everyday education. This master's dissertation is yet another step in the search, undertaken with so many Brazilians, of maintaining our optimism, our enthusiasm that an HRE is possible and necessary, despite of the last setbacks in the struggle for Human Rights. An academic debate about Education and HR contributes directly to the training of individuals who participate in this system of interaction. It is expected that the guarantee of a HRE not only brings greater effectiveness of people as subjects of rights but also contributes to a better understanding of the multiple faces of human dignity.

Changes in the equilibrium state of shallow lakes can be induced by in water level fluctuations, promoting changes in the trophic state, structure and dynamics of macrophytes and phytoplankton communities. From the temporal analysis of two shallow lakes with different equilibria, this study aimed to: i) evaluate the structure and dynamics of functional phytoplankton groups (FGs) over a macrophyte cover gradient and its relations with environmental variables in small and shallow lake of clear water (Paraiba, Brazil), and ii) to evaluate the composition and structure of phytoplankton functional groups in lakes with different equilibrium states (clear water and turbid water). The main questions associated were: i) There are differences in the composition and structure FGs in macrophyte coverage gradient? and ii) the composition and structure of functional groups account the differences in the structure and equilibrium states of shallow lakes? Water samples were collected for analysis physical, chemical and biological from August 2014 to June 2015. In the lake clear water (Saint Lucia) transparency values were high (≥ 1) throughout the study period, the pH is kept alkaline , temperatures ranged from 27°C to 34°C. It was verified temporal differences in limnological variables only in 2015, while the spatial scale the total biomass showed no significant difference (p≥1). However, the specific composition of FGs responded to this high environmental heterogeneity (expressed by macrophyte cover) indicating spatiotemporal fluctuations in the composition indicated by the canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). CCA showed that the pH (≤0,05), water temperature (≤0,01), total phosphorous (≤0,07) and orthophosphate (≤0 05) influencing the dynamics of functional groups N, K, S1, X1, W2, TD, SN, P. The lake turbid waters (Lagoon Pao) showed very low levels of transparency and photic zone (≤1), by light limitation indicators, and high phosphorus values revealing the potential for eutrophication. This scenario contrasts with Saint Lucia indicated structure and composition of the different functional groups, with only five common functional groups: K, S1, X1, W2 and P. Among the unique functional groups on the Lagoon pao some were composed of potentially toxic cyanobacteria (SN, F LO, D H1) not found in Santa Lucia indicator that the submerged macrophyte cover can function as an inhibitory dominant these species. The CCA showed a clear separation between the environments, with the TD group, N, W2 and S1 related to St. Lucia, typical of clear water. Already Pond Pao, pH, temperature, concentrations of phosphorus, light attenuation coefficient influenced the occurrence of H1, SN, S1, W2, X1, D, LO, mostly represented by common cyanobacteria in eutrophic environments. Therefore, the structure and composition of said functional groups according to the characteristics of the environments studied, showing shallow lakes with different equilibrium states can share similar functional groups. This study confirms the historical data macrophyte cover can operate as cyanobacteria controller, and possible mechanisms associated allelopathy, the decrease in the pellet resuspension, the absorption of nutrients such as phosphorus, among others.

Bauhinia cheilantha (Bong.) Steud, popularly known as one of the most traditional species in the world, is a species of natural value due to the popular and industrial medicinal use, being a plant of occurrence in the caatinga. This work aimed to demonstrate and analyze analytical techniques and plant production aimed at Bauhinia Cheilantha (Bong.) Steud., As subsidies to strengthen the generation of knowledge aimed at the characterization of the raw material (seed), with potentialities within the context of the Brazilian semi-arid. The fruits and seeds of five matrices of the species, collected in the municipality of Monteiro, Paraíba, were used in the experiment, after which the morphological analyzes (biometry) were carried out, where the diameter, diameter and thickness of 100 fruits were determined. of 100 seeds for each matrix. Plant production was carried out by the planting of 96 seeds of each matrix, characterizing the seedlings since their emergence, development, and withdrawal. The physical-chemical analyzes of the seeds were carried out by conventional techniques (moisture content and ash), and by thermoanalytical techniques, TG and DTA, in different grain sizes, and then the kinetic parameters were evaluated. The results of the biometric characteristics of the fruits and seeds presented similarity between the matrices, as well as the determination of moisture content and ash of the seeds, which presented similarity between the matrices, presenting percent loss of moisture between 12,34% and 13, 17%, and an ash content, with an average remaining percentage value of matter of 3%. In the inert and oxidative atmosphere, the TG curves presented five mass degradation events, where the main step was observed in the second event, with respective temperature and mass loss ranging between 225 - 452°C and 29 - 48% inert atmosphere , and 237-417°C and 29-43% oxidative, for all ratios. The DTA curves by GT showed two exothermic events in the temperature ranges between 274°C - 408°C and 427°C - 582°C, and the peak ranging between 336 - 345°C and 462 - 486°C, respectively first and second event, and DTA by GP curves showed variations in the number of peaks, with one or two events, with an endothermic characteristic. The results of plant production, four matrices presented approximate percentages of PE between 78.1% and 80,2%, except M5 with EP = 64,4%. Seedlings presented a high mortality rate with less than 60 emerged days, presenting a mean percentage value of 92,7% mortality, obtaining the characterization of the seedlings only at 30 and 60 days, respectively, with mean height values of 2,7cm and 3,4cm and of diameter of the stem equal to 0,66mm and 0,77mm, with the retirement of the seedlings, with 60 days, was obtained average value of 5,8g of the mass of the seedlings. It can be concluded that M5 presented a better performance of this study, through data correlation, with better seedling development, so the present study has great importance for the species, considering the presented results and their correlations, bringing information about characteristics physical and thermal characteristics of the seeds, and on the development of this species native to the caatinga.

The species Erythrina velutina Willd., Also known in the Semiarid of Brazil, as mulungu, is a tree of great resistance to drought, providing rusticity and rapid growth, widely used in the recovery of degraded areas, with great distribution in the region. It has chemical and pharmacological characteristics for the production of herbal medicines. The objective of the research is to improve thermoanalytical techniques of vegetal production of the species ErythrinavelutinaWilld. as a way of maximizing the knowledge of the pharmacological potentiation of the vegetal raw material in the Brazilian semi-arid region. Five matrices of E. velutina were selected, in the region of CaririOcidental in the municipality of Serra Branca, located in Paraíba, Brazil. Sorts of the collected material were made and morphological analyzes of the seeds were carried out. Starting with biometrics, 100 seeds of each matrix were selected, where the parameters of length, width and fresh mass of each seed were verified. In the biological characterization, emergency analyzes were performed in order to obtain better results with pre-germination treatments. For the implementation of plant production, 96 seeds of each matrix were sown in buckets, observing the emergence of seedlings, in order to characterize them from emergence, development and withdrawal, in pre-defined periods. The physico-chemical analyzes were organized in conventional analyzes, humidity and ashes, as well as in thermoanalytical analyzes, TG and DTA, in differentiated granulometry, in order to evaluate kinetic parameters and thermal parameters. For the biometric results of the seeds we obtained averages of the parameters of length, diameter and mass for each matrix. In plant production, analyzing the emergence data of the seedlings, there was a significant difference between the matrices, varying between 70.8% and 34.4%. Thus, matrix 2 and matrix 4 presented the same emergency index, 70.8%. In terms of mortality, seedlings obtained low mortality rates, only in matrix 1 (2.1%) and matrix 2 (10.4%), these indices were recorded. In the measurements of seedlings at 30, 60, 90 and 120 days, mean values of length between 38.09 cm and 57.8 cm and stem diameter between 16.13 mm and 19.39 mm were obtained. The seeds presented a singularity in the moisture content among the matrices of the species, presenting a percentage loss of moisture between 4.27% and 5.24%. Likewise, it was used to determine the ash content, with a percentage value between 26.7% and 43.2%. The DTA curves by GT showed three exothermic events with a mean temperature of 467.61 ° C. The TG curves showed five mass degradation events in the inert and oxidative atmosphere, where the main degradation step was observed in the third event, presenting respective temperature and mass loss ranging from 213.26 - 378.46 ° C and 34.14- 40,17% inerte, e 252,87 - 466,98ºC e 20,28 - 22,73% oxidativa, para todos as razões. eumaentalpia com média de 535,79 kJ / g. On the other hand, the DTA by GP curves showed variations in the number of peaks, showing two or three events with exothermic characteristics. Thus, it can be concluded that matrix 3 showed a higher number of germinated seeds, consequently, presented the highest growth measures in 30 and 120 days. In the withdrawal of some seedlings the largest fresh mass occurred for the matrix 3. In the Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) the matrix 3 presented a larger enthalpy.

The Internal Audits in the Federal Institutions of Higher Education (IFES) have become essential, given the support given to the various managerial actions of the Universities and Federal Institutes in the search for the correct execution of their budgets. Carrying out a preventive control "in loco", left aside the typically supervisory and punitive procedures and began to act effectively in management, generating administrative efficiency and contributing to the achievement of institutional objectives. Without practicing management acts, the internal audit emerges as an important tool of public management with its activities permanently focused on the evaluation of internal controls and consulting to managers. In this perspective, the general objective of the research was to analyze the use of internal audit as a public management instrument in the Internal Audit Units of the Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB) and the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), and as specific objectives: to present the configuration of the structure of the Internal Audit Unit of the UFPB and the UFRN in terms of physical facilities, human resources, materials and technology; present the procedures and activities performed by the Internal Audit Units of UFPB and UFRN, taking as parameters the Management Report, the Annual Internal Audit Plan (PAINT) and the Annual Report on Internal Audit Activities (RAINT) of the respective IFES, for the years 2015, 2016 and 2017, and Evaluation Reports on Internal Audits performed by the Federal Audit Court (TCU) and the General Comptroller's Office (CGU); and present and analyze the Module: Audit and Internal Control, investigating its use by the Internal Audit of UFRN and its effects on management. With a qualitative approach, the research as to nature is characterized as descriptive, using as data collection technique the documentary, bibliographic and field research, following an observation script previously prepared and applied "in loco" at UFPB and UFRN. The results of the research showed that the internal audits, even with their developed attributions that reflect positively on the progress of the quality of public spending, with the elimination of waste and increasing improvement in the management of processes, are underutilized by managers. It was also evidenced the importance and necessary use of the Module: Internal Audit and Control, as an indispensable tool that adds value to both the management and the development of the work of the internal audit of UFRN, where we recommend its implementation in the internal audit of UFPB.

Considered as one of the most promising biofuels, bioethanol is an alternative and attractive energy source for the future. The high prices of oil and its derivatives, high energy demand and intense environmental debates have a decisive influence in stimulating research on alternative sources of energy. In addition, there is an intense demand for studies that evaluate the influence of the residues of the composition of the various effluents on the biomass productivity. Biofuels produced from microalgae can be an attractive option due to their rapid growth rate, high biomass content, low utilization of arable land and high rate of carbon dioxide absorption, and a good acceptance in the current scenario. Therefore, the objective was to produce bioethanol from microalgal biomass grown in domestic effluents and to analyze the efficiency in bioremediation during cultivation. It was possible to observe that the D467WC strain showed a more pronounced growth curve in the 25% and 50% dilutions of domestic effluent (ED) in relation to the other species studied, however, the growth shown to be more promising in the 25% dilution of ED. The reduction of effluent parameters is observed when comparing the analyzes done before the cultivation, at a 25% dilution, and after the cultivation, attesting that the microalga reduces the levels of ED nutrients, which would contribute to the treatment before water bodies. Cell counting resulted in a cell density equivalent to 43 x 105 cells mL-1, a larger number of cells in the shortest time in the culture in domestic effluent at 25% dilution when compared to the number obtained in the culture in the medium of synthetic WC culture. The dry weight of the obtained biomass was 0.200 g.L-1 and the total sugar content was 35.04%, which when extracted by the acid hydrolysis method yielded 55.6% glucose. From the results obtained in the cultivation and analysis of sugars of the microalgal biomass it is possible to produce bioethanol from the fermentation of the hydrolyzate with the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Climate change poses a major challenge for Brazilian agriculture, due to the dependence of crops on climatic elements such as precipitation, relative humidity, temperature and solar radiation. The objective of this work was to analyze the influence of climate changes on the cultivation of sugarcane in the state of Paraíba. For this, different datasets were used, namely: meteorological data of average temperature, total precipitation and relative humidity, obtained from the National Institute of Meteorology; data from temporary agricultural crops obtained from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics and the Institute of Applied Economic Research; data on the emission of greenhouse gases extracted from the Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Removal Estimate System; in addition to the databases of SimaPro® and through a field experiment carried out in the municipality of Pedras de Fogo, in the state of Paraíba. Calculations were performed using statistical methods (Mann-Kendall trend test and multiple linear regression technique), econometric (regression with panel data), economic (shift-share) and life-cycle assessment environmental impacts). The results showed that there were impacts of climatic variables on the production of sugarcane in the municipalities of Paraíba; the precipitation was a positively correlated conditioner and the temperature influenced negatively. Significant trends were also observed, mainly in relation to temperature, with a tendency to grow in the majority of the meteorological stations analyzed and to decrease to the relative humidity of the air. A heterogeneous response of impacts to the mesoregions was observed, with municipalities belonging to Mata Paraibana having a higher probability of producing sugarcane compared to other mesoregions. In the decomposition of Area Effects (EA), Yield (ER) and Geographic Location (ELG) a heterogeneous expansion was observed, with productivity gains explained by EA and ELG, since the ER showed the low agricultural dynamism. The decomposition of the area effect on scale and substitution effects of sugarcane and pineapple were the ones that absorbed the most areas, while the beans yielded more areas for the other crops. The application of multiple linear regression showed that the amount of sugarcane produced had a positive and significant correlation with the greenhouse gases (CO2 and N2O). According to the life cycle assessment study, the use of biosolids as fertilizer for sugarcane proved to be more environmentally viable, with higher productivity and lower emissions of produced carbon dioxide, reducing the carbon footprint and solving the problem of final destination of this waste.