RCAAP Repository

Discussions about gender have been expanding and achieving consistency in the last years. Transsexuality, in a specific way, has been the subject of debates and production of studies inside and outside of the academic areas. Transgender people are recognized for seeking to transform their bodies according to their gender identity, the one that they feel they belong to. Physical activities can be considered as resources that help these transformations. In this sense, the objective of this study is to understand and analyze whether physical activities are resources used by transsexual people during the process of body changing to build a body, according to the characteristics of the gender they have identification. This research is characterized as a qualitative exploratory one and we adopted a phenomenological interpretive perspective to do this. The social beings of this research were eight trans men and ten trans women who were attended by the Total Health Care Ambulatory for Transvestites and Transsexuals, located in the annex of The Clementino Fraga Hospital in João Pessoa - PB. In order to have elements of analysis to this study, we used a semi-structured interview and a socioeconomic questionnaire to have an overview of the group interviewed. To analyze the speeches we got, we used the phenomenological analysis, proposed by Bicudo (2011), which seeks to emphasize the senses, to perform syntheses of units of meaning and to analyze the speeches through categories of analysis as well. The present investigation led to the construction of three original articles. The first one has as objective to analyze the relationship of trans men with physical activities in the process of "masculinization". The results showed us that the interviewees do physical activities searching for body mass gain and muscle definition, aspects that according the interviewees' point of view, refer to a masculine body, reinforcing not only their masculinity, but also helping them to build their sexual identity. The second article had as objective to discuss the relationship between forms of body shape, emphasizing physical activities adopted by transsexual women and the process of "achieving" the female body. The results indicate that the interviewees who practice physical activity are looking for the gain of body mass in the gluteal region and in the legs, and also the definition of the abdomen. Those who do not do physical activity, say that they are afraid of masculinizing the body and / or not attending fitness centers because of the prejudices they suffer. The third one analyzed the suffering of transsexual people during the practice of physical or sports activities. The results show that the peoples interviewees suffer or have already suffered some kind of discrimination in the spaces that offer physical activities and / or during physical activities, and in sports competitions as well. This kind of discrimination appears in this study as the reason, in many occasions, for abandoning these practices.

Introduction: the practice of resistance exercise (RE) combined with blood restriction (BFR) has appeared as an alternative to improve the muscle mass and strength performance in people with cardiovascular and orthopedic diseases. However, the hemodynamic changes with that method, performed with continuous and intermittent pressure, in the upper and lower limbs, in hypertensive individuals, still have knowledge gaps. Aim: analyze the acute effect of RE with BFR under continuous and intermittent rest pressure on the upper and lower limbs on the hemodynamic variables in hypertensive women. Materials and methods: it is an experimental study, with a crossover design, randomized and counterbalanced. The sample was composed by n=13 women, aged between 40 and 65 years (55±6,5), with pressure levels controlled by medicine, submitted to eight experimental protocols of strength training, in different days and aleatory: (P1) and (P5) low load (LL) strength exercise with continuous BFR, at 20% of 1RM (LL+CBFR); (P2) and (P6) LL strength exercise with intermittent BFR, at 20% of 1RM (LL+IBFR); (P3) and (P7) LL strength exercise, at 20% of 1RM (LL); (P4) and (P8) high intensity strength exercise, at 65% of 1RM (HI), being four exercise sessions for the upper limbs (unilateral elbow flexion – right and left segment) and for exercise sessions for the lower limbs (unilateral knee extension – right and left segment). The measures of the hemodynamic variables were assessed before, during and immediately after and 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes after each session. Results: there were no significant interactions between protocols x segments x time (p=0,838), protocols × segments (p=0,974), protocols × time (p=0,636), segments × time (p=0,594), protocol (p=0,922) and segment (p=0,988) on the variables systolic blood pressure (SBP mmHg), diastolic blood pressure (DBP mmHg), medium blood pressure (MBP mmHg), heart rate (HR), double product (DP) and oxygen saturation (SpO2) during the exercise, however, occurred a significant interaction post exercise (p<0,05) on the variable SBP. Thus, it can be observed a significant reduction on the SBP post-exercise only on the upper limb LL+CBFR and LL protocols, both on the 30th minute (p=0,015 and p=0,035, respectively), reducing 6,2% mmHg. Conclusion: Low load RE with blood flow restriction seems to promote similar alterations on the hemodynamic variables when it is used a continuous or intermittent rest pressure, on the upper and lower limbs, in hypertensive women. Nevertheless, the LL+CBFR promotes a bigger hypotensive effect, with a 6,2% mmHg reduction.

Iron deficiency anemia is an important public health problem, being children, women of childbearing age and pregnant women the most vulnerable biological groups. The National Iron Supplementation, coupled with mandatory fortification of wheat flour and corn flour with iron and folic acid and nutritional guidance, constitute the set of strategies aimed at controlling and reducing the problem in Brazil. The objective of this research was comprise that program in the city of Cabedelo - Paraíba, analyzing the knowledge of pregnant women and nutritionists about the activities, the conduct of intervention and the nutrients involved. There were also the difficulties faced and the most recurrent complaints that limited the program's actions and continuity of beneficiaries in supplementation. It is a participatory evaluation study, in which interviews were conducted with structured qualitative and quantitative approaches, using open and closed questions and registration of personal data and socioeconomic data, obtained from medical records and cards accompanying the pregnant women in pre-scheduled visits, in the days of prenatal 19 Units of Family Health of the city. Study subjects were 172 pregnant women and 10 nutritionists responsible for the running of the program. How criteria of inclusion, we considered whether women with complete data, using at least one of the supplements offered by the program (ferrous sulfate and / or folic acid) and were not at the first prenatal visit. Closed questions have generated tables of absolute and relative frequency simple. To analyze the open questions, extracted the central idea of the answers, grouping them into categories and themes of analysis were coded to perform the absolute frequency distribution of responses. Regarding the statistical analysis, we used the computational tool Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 19.0. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the University Hospital Lauro Wanderley, Federal University of Paraíba, under protocol number 548/10. It was observed that few pregnant women know the program and its activities. The answers of women who said they know him as the varied activities that nutritionists developed and those experienced by pregnant women. Most of the beneficiaries reported correctly follow the periodicity and the time of intake, as recommended by professionals. Both the interviewees differed in responses regarding the length of stay in supplementation. The women knew better functions than those of iron and folic acid also more food source of this mineral than the vitamin in question, while nutritionists had a great knowledge of the subject. The forgetfulness and drug reactions in the opinion of the pregnant women and the lack of the supplements on the units, for both study subjects were alluded to as the main reasons for interruption of supplementation. Therefore, the evaluation of the National Iron Supplementation in Cabedelo, in a participatory vision of the actors involved, allowed a better understanding of its operation, while it showed the limitations encountered and possible improvements led to its implementation in the city.

Cactaceae are abundantly present in the semi-arid region of Northeast Brazil. Among its species, the Xique-xique (Pilosocereus gounellei) is found in the drier regions of the Caatinga biome, which although little knowledge about its constitution, has its use in popular medicine, in the treatment of inflammations, as well as in periods of scarcity is used for food and feed in this region. In this study, water, pH, acidity, soluble solids, moisture, proteins, lipids, sugars, fiber, ash, mineral and amino acid profile, antioxidant activity, phenolic compounds profile and bioaccessibility . The assays were compensated in three experimental groups, called vascular cylinder, central thallus and vascular cylinder + central thallium, highlighting the vascular cylinder region to obtain additional information about the antinutritional factors, phenolic profile and bioaccessibility of these compounds. In the obtained results, differences (p <0.05) were observed between the groups in most of the analyzed variables, except for water, pH and amino acids. In the experimental groups representative amounts of calcium, magnesium, manganese, selenium and zinc were observed, as well as soluble fiber content in the vascular cylinder, as well as the presence of phenolic compounds, such as quercetin and epigallocatechin gallate. In this way, with the study, the xique-xique is visualized as a potential food alternative, pointing out possibilities in the use and enrichment of various food products, with good technological and nutritional quality.

ABSTRACT Introduction: the labour exercise of women sex workers favors the contagion by HIV and requires knowledge to the adherence to safe sexual practices. Objective: to analyze the knowledge of female sex workers on HIVAids, considering socio-demographic variables and the relationship of this knowledge with sexual practices. Methodology: exploratory and quantitative study, conducted from May to September 2014, with 90 women sex workers Association of Prostitutes of Paraíba, through a questionnaire with sociodemographic information and three dimensions (D3-forms of contagion and prevention, physiological and behavioral attributes of aids; D4-HIV causes symptoms in humans and D5-aids treatment) of a total of six that make up the test of scientific knowledge to HIVAids, adapted with adding a dimension about sexual practices (D7). The data were processed by the program SPSS version 19, using descriptive statistics, with scores of hits (Friedman test), absolute and relative frequency of hits and MANOVA. To correlate the D7 with the knowledge was used the Wald test and odds ratio Association. Results: professionals present an average 23.79 ± 3.84 years old; the majority (84.4%) single; 62.2% (56) with education above the high school. There is no significant difference in the averages of the percentages in the knowledge test hit by education (p=0 .476), however, there is significant difference in the average percentage of hit by dimension (p<0 .001). The D3 showed lower percentage of hits that D4 and D5. The knowledge observed on aids is underwhelming (T score). We highlight that 72.2% having sex without a condom in Exchange for a financial amount greater; they make 53.3% in menstrual period and are held in with 75.6% client showing sores on the penis or anus. It was found that despite the knowledge present statistical significant contribution in sexual practices (p>0.05), the less unsafe sexual practices, greater knowledge of HIVAids. Conclusions: the professionals have a greater knowledge about aids treatment regarding the forms of transmission and prevention, as well as adoption of unsafe sexual practices, favoring a vulnerability to infection by HIV. There was no influence of knowledge on HIVAids on sexual practices. Therefore, it is essential that the intensification of new strategies for change of behavior of these women to a sexual practice safe.

The growing demand for food has generated a significant increase in the production and use of pesticides in various crops. These products tend to accumulate in the environment and thus cause several problems of environmental pollution and public health. Conventional systems of treatment of effluent are not efficient in the removal of these contaminants. For this reason, the objective of this work was to evaluate the potential of a membrane bioreactor (MBR) on a pilot scale, treating effluents from an industry of fruit processing, for the removal of toxic agrochemicals, individual forms and combined with other treatment technologies. The stability of the MBR was monitored by means of analyzes of COD, pH and TSS. The addition of pesticides occurred through the continuous insertion of stock solution to generate concentrations of 20 µg.L-1 of 2,4-D, carbendazim and diuron and 1.5 µg.L-1 of atrazine in the MBR. The determination of these compounds was performed by means of solid phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The effectiveness of the MBR for removal of pesticides was evaluated by four experiments with variations of HDT and addition of powdered activated carbon (PAC) in the bioreactor, in addition to the operation of the post-treatment of activated carbon, reverse osmosis and ozonation. During the study, were executed chemical cleaning of the membranes with citric acid, sodium hydroxide, sodium hypochlorite and phosphoric acid. The bioreactor showed robustness and stability, to maintain the quality of the permeated even under high variations of cod from the raw effluent and the content of biomass in the silt. However, it provided only a partial removal of pesticides studied, emphasizing the need for a combined use with other treatment technologies for a complete removal. The introduction of CAP in the MBR promoted removals higher averages to 94% for carbendazim and diuron, however, the same efficacy was not obtained for 2,4-D and atrazine. Among the hybrid systems, formed by the union between MBR and postoperative treatments available in the pilot sewage treatment plant, the alternatives MBR/CAG adsorption and BRM/reverse osmosis generated excellent results, showing to be effective for the purposes of removal of pesticides. With respect to the MBR/ozonation system, it was observed a performance below to those listed above, but that can be explained by low levels of ozone applied.

The growing search for clean energy technologies has led to the discovery of new sources of sustainable energy. This research aimed to study the effect of the route of synthesis on the microstructure and the electrical properties of an electrolyte material for the electrochemical conversion of energy to solid oxide fuel cells. A sol-gel protein method and the solid state reaction route preceded by high-energy grinding of a stoichiometric mixture of CeO2 + calcium carbonate (from shellfish powder) were used to synthesize citric-calcium electrolytes from composition (Ce0.9Ca0.1O1.95). The results of X-ray diffractometry confirm the obtainment of solid solution, free of secondary phases, in powders and sintered samples. Doping with 10 mol% of calcium gave relative densities above 95% at sintering temperatures from 1300 °C. The microstructural characterization by STEM allowed to investigate the average grain size and the residual porosity. Samples obtained by the sol-gel method show higher grain boundary conductivity due to lower dopant segregation. The electrical properties were analyzed by impedance spectroscopy in air atmosphere. The total conductivity reaches 8x10-3 S.cm-1 (sol-gel protein method) and 1,3x10-3 S.cm-1 (solid state reaction) at 600 °C for samples sintered at 1450 °C. These values are close to those reported in the literature for ceramics of the same composition obtained by other synthesis routes.

According to data from RENAVAM, Brazil currently has a fleet of more than 42 million vehicles. In 2010, 182,900 accidents were recorded on public roads in Brazil, of which 7,073 were fatal. In addition to the crashes that cause accidents, there are those that affect the cars' capacity of locomotion, causing inconvenience to their passengers and putting them at risk of eventual car crashes. Most accidents are caused by mechanical failures that can occur in different parts of the car and could be avoided with proper diagnosis. Currently, automotive vehicles lack mechanisms that can detect most mechanical failures to which they are susceptible. The detection of failures in pistons is one of them. Besides damaging the car's proper operation, this type of failure causes engine degradation and increases the emission of noxious gases. The aim of this work is the implementation of a processing technique for detection of pistons failures of an automotive engine by reading the measurement of the vibration signal performed by the accelerometer sensor of a smartphone. Currently, it is possible to program complete systems for simulation of technical characteristics that are found in real systems. In this paper it was also validated a method through the analysis of the signal measured through MATLAB, using tools such as the fast Fourier transform and the Wavelet Packet Transform (WTP).

This study aim was evaluate the performance of dairy heifers in growing under two mineral supplementation strategies. Was used 16 Holstein x Zebu heifers with 135.25±15,50 kg average weight, divided into 2 treatments (protein salt and mineral salt) and managed in Brachiaria brizantha pasture Marandu cultivar under rotational system with 28 paddocks (14 per treatment) with 2 occupation days and 26 rest days for 6 consecutive cycles, being cycles 1, 2 and 3 related to Spring season and the cycles 4, 5 and 6 to Summer season. At the end of each 28-day cycle, the animals were weighed and the ADG weight used for calculation and allocation rate. The pasture height and herbage mass were measured before entering and after leaving the animals in each paddock, where samples were taken for chemical analysis and consumption estimates (MS, CP, EE, NDF, iNDF and DMpd), plus of DM digestibility estimates, pre-grazing herbage mass, herbage mass post-grazing, consumption and forage supply, composition (leaf, stem and senescent material). The supplements were provided ad libitum in suitable troughs and the end of each cycle were measured the supplement consumption. The design was completely randomized with portion sub-divided in time, where the two treatments were the supplements, the stations were the plots and animals as repetitions. There was no difference (P> 0.05) between treatments, stations and interaction treatment x station to the ADG were 301.12 and 357.13 g day-1 for animals supplemented with mineral salt and protein salt. A significant effect (P <0.05) between the evaluated seasons (Spring / Summer). We observed a significant effect (P <0.05) between the evaluated seasons (Spring / Summer). The average dry matter intake (kg day-1,% BW and g / kg0.75), crude protein (g day-1 g / kg0.75), ether extract (g day-1), neutral detergent fiber (g day-1 and BW%) were respectively 3.94 and 2.87 kg; 2.53 and 1.69%; 89.26 and 59.56 g kg0.75; 429.89 and 238.42 g day-1; 9,74 and 6,17g kg0.75; 118.79 and 84.07 g day-1; 2.98 and 2.05 kg day-1; 1.86 and 1.17%, for the Spring and Summer seasons. The supplement intake was different (P <0.05) between the treatments were 36.50 and 65.50 g 100 kg-1BW. The DM digestibility was significant (P <0.05) to interaction, treatment x station whose values were 49.76 and 46.80 for animals supplemented with mineral salt and protein salt respectively in the Spring and 47,00 and 50,39 for these same treatments in Summer.

Aimed to investigate the prevalence, the pattern of antimicrobial susceptibility and the genotypic ratio of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) isolated from pigs in differents age groups. Based of calculation of sample size, were collected 282 nasal swabs of pigs from three differents farms in Northest, located in the citys of Areia and Santa Rita (Paraiba State) and Itapetim (Pernambuco State). Considering the emerging public health significance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), parallel protocol was performed to isolate these microorganism in all samples. After conventional microbiological isolation and conducting tests for phenotypic and genotypic identification of Staphilococcus genus, PCR was conducted to identify molecular markers specific of S. aureus. Among the samples analyzed, 48.9% (138/282) were positive for Staphylococcus spp., among with 15.94% (22/138) were positive for S. aureus. The prevalence of S. aureus in the Farm 1 was 2.07% (CI = 0.71, 5.91) and Farm 3 was 2.97% (CI = 1.91, 4.59). It was not isolated S. aureus from the animals of Farm 2. Among the markers for the S. aureus species, femA gene was the most frequently found. Resistance to at least one antimicrobial agent was detected in all investigated S. aureus, with the higthest rates observed to clindamycin (100%), ampicillin (100%) and penicillin (100%), followed by chloraphenicol (95.45%) and azithromycin (90.91). Of all S. aureus, 63.64% (14/22) were resistant to cefoxitin, confirming be resistant to methicillin (MRSA). The genetic similarity analysis by Rep-PCR indicated the grouping of bacteria due to its origin. Also, isolates from different sectors of production have become indistinguishable, indicating that S. aureus strains can infect pigs at different age groups.

This study aimed to evaluate the performance characteristics and sheep carcass St. Agnes finished on pasture and supplemented with multinutrient blocks. 20 whole lambs, 10 Santa biotype traditional and modern Ines Santa Ines 10. These were distributed in a completely randomized design, where they remained until they reach the age at slaughter of 264 days were used. Despite having different biotypes, the sheep were not statistically different for the performance variables, quantitative, qualitative, morphometry, biometrics, only equity palette biotype was higher than 19.75%, while for the traditional was 19, 18%. There was a higher consumption of multinutritional block for the flock up to 56 days of experiment, peaking at 0.240 g / animal / day, but at 84 days there was a decline of 0,198g / animal / day. The average daily weight gain (ADG) was 144.22 and 146.67 for the traditional and modern biotype, respectively, and the final weight (PF) was 32.26 and 32,66kg for each biotype. The animal carcass classification is moderate, and hence a thin substrate. The gross profit margin was 78 reais / animal. Despite the differences biotípicas sheep Santa Inês finished on pasture and supplemented with multinutrient blocks have carcasses with similar characteristics.

This investigation was carried out to evaluate the performance, gross profit margin, morphometric characteristics and not constituent components of housing, of goats of different genetic groups finished in feedlot. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Station of Dispute, belonging to EMEPA (Agricultural Research Company Paraíba SA), located in the Cariri. Used 30 goats, crossbred (F1) intact male, 10 goats Boer x SPRD (No Defined Breed Standard), 10 x Savannah SRD and 10 Pardo Alpine x SRD, with an average weight of 15 kg and an average age of 100 days at the beginning of the experiment. The design was completely randomized with three treatments (genotypes) and 10 replications. The animals were fed ad libitum diet only, containing approximately 16.5% crude protein and 2.58 Mcalmetabolizable energy per kilogram of dry matter, forage: concentrate ratio of 20:80. The animals were weighed at the beginning of the trial and every 14 days. It was established as slaughter criterion, the average weight of the lot of 25 kg or, if this first criterion was not reached, the maximum period of 64 days of confinement. Evaluated the initial and final body weight, average daily gain, total weight gain, dry matter intake, water intake, feed conversion and days on feed. Were also evaluated the morphometric characteristics and non carcass components. As an economic indicator was calculated, gross profit margin (MB), based on biological and economic parameters. There was no significant effect (P> 0.05) of genetic group on the performance characteristics of goats. There was no significant effect of genetic group (P> 0.05) on the morphometric characteristics analyzed in this study. Was observed Statistical significance (P <0.05) the genetic group only on weight blood and skin . The genetic group had a direct influence on profitability finishing system. Crossbred Boer goats x SPRD provided higher margin gross profit . In the feedlot finishing system crossbred Boer goats x SPRD showed better performance, providing greater profitability to the creator. The evaluated morphometric characteristics suffer no effects of genetic groups. Among the non-carcass components, only skin, blood and head are influenced by genetic group.

This study assessed the effects of heat stress during incubation on performance, intestinal morphology, physiological variables and behaviour of broilers submitted or not to heat stress post-hatch. Fertile Cobb 500 eggs were placed in two artificial incubators at 37.7°C until 11 days of incubation. Afterwards, the temperature of one incubator was changed to 37.8°C (high temperature). At hatch, 48 birds per treatment were distributed into two climatic rooms under thermoneutral conditions; 3 boxes were used per incubation treatment in each room. At 21 days of age (d), the temperature of one room was adjusted to 33ºC (heat stress). A completely randomized design was used and birds were distributed according to a 2x2 factorial arrangement (two incubation temperatures, 37.7ºC and 38.7ºC; two rearing temperatures (25ºC and 33ºC). Data of performance, jejunum morphology and physiological parameters were submitted to ANOVA and different means were separated by Tukey test. Behaviour variables were analyzed using GENMODE and means compared by chi-square at 5% of probability. Thermal manipulation during incubation positively affected incubation parameters and one-day-old chicks and changed physiological parameters and jejunum morphology when birds were submitted to post-hatch heat stress. There was no effect of incubation temperature on behaviour or post-hatch performance.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition, digestibility and in vitro gas production of forage palm of the genus Opuntia and Nopalea in different phenological stages. Three genotypes of forage palm of the genus Opuntia (IPA-200024, IPA-10002 and IPA-20001) and onde genotype of the genus Nopalea (IPA-200206) were evaluated, in a completely randomized experimental design and a 4 x 3 factorial scheme, corresponding to 4 genotypes and 3 phenological stages, with 4 replicates. The study was carried out at the Experimental Station of the Instituto Agronômico de Pernambuco-IPA, located in the county of Arcoverde - Pernambuco. Four plants of each variety were selected and the selection of cladodes in different phenological stages (young, intermediate and mature) was carried out, followed by chemical analyzes, digestibility and in vitro gas production. There were no differences (P>0.05) in the dry matter (DM) content in all varieties studied, with phenological stages influencing (P>0.05) only the genotype Copena F1, in the content of crude protein (CP). F24 and Orelha de Onça differed with each other (P<0.05), with levels of 60.3 and 34.4 g kg-1 MS respectively. The other variables differ (P<0.05) only at the young stage. In the fibrous compounds, there was a difference (P<0.05) in the content of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) in all varieties with no influence of phenological stages (P>0.05) only for the genotype F24. The phenological stages influencend (P<0.05) on content of acid detergent fiber (ADF) only the Orelha de Onça variety, and the lowest value was observed at the young stage with 96.9 g kg-1 MS. The content of acid-digested lignin (ADL) and pectin (PEC), the Orelha de Onça genus presented the smallest value at the young stage with 3.1 g kg-1 MS and higher intermediate value at 181.7 g kg-1 MS respectively. Was observed a difference (P<0.05) on the content of hemicellulose (HEM) and cellulose (CEL) only in the mature stage for HEM and young and intermediate stages for CEL. The Orelha de Onça genus had a higher concentration of non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC) with 702.9 g kg-1 and in fraction B2 the lowest concentration was 150 g kg-1, all at the young stage. In the others variables there was difference (P<0.05) among the studied genotypes. In the digestibility parameters there was a difference (P<0.05) between the genotypes and the phenological stages (P>0.05). The phenological stages influenced all the genotypes except 15 F24. In the gas production characteristics, there was no difference (P> 0.05) in the degradation rate parameter (A + B1), with the highest volumes of total gas production (Vt1) observed for Orelha de Onça genotype 333.86 mL g-1 MS. Among the genotypes, Orelha of Onca was the one that was less prominent in relation to FC and PEC, and stood out by the NFC, which influenced the kinetics of in vitro gas production, showing a greater availability of nutrients in the rumen. The phenological stages of forage palm genotypes did not influence DM in vitro digestibility.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the behavior of interleukins in poultry commercial and neck naked challenged Salmonella Enteritidis challenged. A total of 200 eggs from the Cobb500® and Label Rouge® lines were used in the incubation, of these 100 chickens were used in the experiment. The evaluations were performed in the pre-initial phase (1-9 days). The parameters analyzed were bacterial count (CFU / mL) and relative expression of interleukins (IL-1, IL-8, IL-17 and IL-22). The animals were arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) with 25 replicates, forming 4 treatments: Cobb500® line without challenge of Salmonella after hatching (Cobb-SS); Cobb500® line and challenge with post-hatching Salmonella (Cobb-CS); Label Rouge® line without challenge of Salmonella after hatching (LR-SS); Label Rouge® line and post-hatch Salmonella challenge (LR-CS). The Cobb500® line presented higher cecal bacterial counts in the period of 168 hpi. The different genotypes use differentiated routes in the two challenge situations, Label Rouge® is linked to the cytokines that are expressed by heterophiles. The relative expression of interleukins showed that there is a different dynamics between the lines. The Label Rouge® line shows earlier development of tolerance to S. Enteritidis than the Cobb500® lineage.

Reactivity descriptors are theoretical quantities retrieved from the molecular electronic structure, convenient to preliminary reactions study and/or their rationalization. A class of these reactivity descriptors, based on the electronic density response variables, have being largely employed to the theoretical study of chemical reactions involving organic molecules. Due to the lower computational cost, compared to the a entire reaction simulation, these descriptors become an attractive alternative to preliminary reactivity studies of macromolecules relevant to drug development. Still,the computational cost using ab-initio/DFT methods to calculate macromolecules make the calculations impractical. Approximated methods, such semiempirical Hamiltonians, may be the way to turn these reactivity descriptors calculations possible. These methods are not well explored to get such quantities, and therefore in this study we propose the comparison of reactivity descriptors from Conceptual Density Functional Theory between an often used DFT calculation protocol and semiempirical Hamiltonians for a protein-like structure. A systematic comparison was conducted exploring well established global and local reactivity descriptors with different approximations and representation types found in literature which are successfully applied for small molecules. We showed that it is possible to use semiempirical Hamiltonians as electronic structure method to calculate reactivity descriptors for macromolecules. The best performance was achieved using frontier orbital energies and densities combined with the Localized Molecular Orbital scheme MOZYME.

Searches on the development of new materials for specific applications has become a great challenge in scientific community, in order to achieve the global technological demands. In this direction, efforts were made to introduce materials with functionalities based on a combination of multiple components. This work presents the synthesis and characterization of the optoelectronic properties of tetracarboxy-functionalized phenacenes and azobenzenes. [8], [10], [12] and [14] phenacenetetracarboxylates were obtained by double Perkin condensations, followed by oxidative photocyclization; whereas, the [8], [10], [12] and [14] phenacenestetracarboxdiimides were synthesized from the respective phenacenestetracarboxylates with an appropriate symmetric (dialkylmethyl)amine. Optical and electrochemical properties were studied, with the diimides exhibiting significantly lower band gaps than the esters. [12] phenacenetetracarboxylate compound exhibited liquid crystalline property, with a monotropic nematic phase at 210 °C. Azobenzenetetracarboxylates were obtained by Fischer esterification with the respective linear and branched alcohols. These compounds showed a good thermal stability, with decomposition temperatures above 300 °C, and two of them are liquids at room temperature (octyl and 2-ethyl-hexyl isomers). A decrease in the melting point of these compounds was observed as the linear chains were increased (Me > Et > Pr > Bu > Pent > Hx > Oct). All azocompounds exhibited E-Z-E photoisomerization, however, these materials tend to remain in the Z configuration whenever photoisomerized even to a small extent. Nevertheless, the relaxation process to E configuration was slightly accelerated when the alkyl substituents were branched, which can be attributed to the steric effect caused by the alkyl chains when in the Z-configuration.

In the present work, we aimed at investigating the nineteenth century children 's literature, basing on some narratives which were collected by Figueiredo Pimentel, in Contos da Carochinha ([1894]/1958). They were, chronologically, the starting point concerning Brazilian children's literature, being also considered as a watershed, once it presented the first signs regarding a movement towards an autonomous literature, endowed with its own aesthetic characteristics. We started, thus, by considering this author´s rewriting process so as to undertake a journey and some investigation towards some texts´ aspects such as source, characteristics and rewriting type. This research presents, as its main aim, a study on the beginnings of Brazilian children's literature, focusing on Figueiredo Pimentel´s writing, and being directed to this particular audience. As to its specific objectives it aimed at drawing the children's literature panorama, starting from the study of the main European representatives up to the available works related to children's literature, both in the nineteenth and in the beginning of the twentieth century. Besides, we also aimed at getting acquainted with Figueiredo Pimentel´s production, both as a journalist and as a writer. In addition to the previously mentioned specific objectives, we aimed at understanding Figueiredo Pimentel´s rewriting process as regarding to children's tales, through a comparison among the short stories "O Chapéu Vermelho", "Branca de neve" and "A Gata Borralheira", taken from the 25th edition of Contos da Carochinha (1958) with European children's literature gathered classics, by Xavier Marmier in L'Arbre de Noël et légedes recueillis by Xavier Marmier (1873), with the purpose of identifying a possible immediate source used in the work that inaugurated the Children's Library of Quaresma Bookstore; defining which rewriting short stories modality was chosen by the Brazilian author; and getting to know the aesthetic features that characterize his work as brazilian, adapting literature to our children´s taste in that period. As to the basic bibliography concerning the historical-literary study, we can point out Arroyo (2011), Bravo-Villasante (1977), Mendes (2017), Duarte (1995), El Far (2006; 2010), Hallewell (2006), and as to the study on adaptation, we can point out Carvalho (2014), Hutcheon (2013), Feijó (2010), Formiga (2009) and Amorim (2005). The research is classified as exploratory and bibliographic (GIL, 2002). Regarding the approach, it is qualitative (JACOBSEN, 2009), and the results show that Figueiredo Pimentel, considering the rewriting of European tales (1873) had, as a starting point, Xavier Marmier ´s literary Works, using both the indigenization process (HUTCHEON, 2013), as an adaptation procedure, and linguistic constructions closer to orality , in order to meet an urgent need for that time due to the lack of children's works which were closer to the Brazilian reader reality.

Different levels of substitution of fish meal (FP) by soy protein concentrate (CPS) on digestibility, performance and economic viability for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis nioloticus) fingerlings were evaluated. The apparent digestibility coefficients (CDA) of protein (CP) and dry matter (DM) CPS were evaluated with a diet composed of 69.5% of a reference diet, 30% of CPS and 0.5% of chromium oxide. CDA´s were 96.54 for PB and 75.62% for MS. Subsequently, two hundred and forty fingerlings with a mean initial weight of 5.10 ± 0.08g were distributed in a completely randomized design with five treatments and four replications, in 20 tanks of the 150L. The FP of the basal diet was gradually replaced by the PSC, giving the following levels: 0; 25; 50; 75 and 100%. These rations were formulated to contain 27.24% digestible protein and 3,031.00 Kcal ED.kg-1 feed. The water quality parameters are within the comfort range for the species. There were no significant differences (p> 0.05) for initial weight, survival, hepatosomatic index, viscerosomatic index and economic viability were not affected by the increasing levels of FP substitution by CPS. However, the final weight, weight gain, apparent feed intake, apparent feed conversion, specific growth rate, crude carcass protein, protein productive value, protein efficiency rate, were worsened with linear effect (p <0.05). Still in the morphometry, quadratic behavior was observed for goblet cells, increasing with the greater inclusion of CPS. It was concluded that the replacement of FP by CPS in diets for fingerlings is not recommended, as it has been shown to compromise performance, even though the economic efficiency was similar among the diets under study.

No campo das pesquisas lingüísticas, más específicamente en la área da análisis del discurso, viene ganando destaque, el discurso religioso. Y es en este ámbito repleto de significaciones, que esta pesquisa se ambienta. Verificamos que los textos de Santa Teresina del menino Jesús describen una peculiar relación con Deus. En ese sentido, este trabajo tiene como objetivo general comprender como se da el sentido de proximidad de Santa Teresina del Menino Jesús con Dios presentado por ella en sus escritos con base na teoría dialógica del discurso bakhtiniana. Como fundamentación teórica, utilizamos Bakhtin (2002, 2010, 2011); Volóchinov (2017); e Sobral (2009) para explorar los conceptos de: dialogismo, ton emotivo-volitivo, voces del discurso e géneros discursivos. Por medio de una investigación documental de carácter cualitativo y naturaleza interpretativa, seleccionamos como corpus, un recorte de veinte y cuatro fragmentos do Manuscrito A, presente en el libro Historia de un alma (1987) escrito por Santa Teresina. Primeramente explicamos los conceptos que nortean la pesquisa, bien como presentamos los principales factos biográficos de Santa Teresina a fin de contextualizar su obra. En seguida, realizamos la análisis propiamente dita con base en las categorías de análisis: ton emotivo-volitivo e voces do discurso. Os resultados apuntan para el facto de que Santa Teresina expresa una proximidad con Dios basada na su fe e vocación e tal proximidad é construida, dialógicamente, siendo perpasada por otras voces do discurso que hacen parte da su formación religiosa: lecturas bíblicas e formación literaria. Concluimos que el ton emotivo-volitivo nos diálogos continuos de Santa Teresina con Dios constituyen lo que ha de más importante na busca da su felicidad e realización personal. Consideramos que esta pesquisa contribuí, entonces, para los estudios lingüísticos que refleten a acción discursiva del sujeto, dando énfasis al discurso religioso, más específicamente, à religión católica. Reafirmamos que os estudios bakhtinianos son importantes en cualquier área do conocimiento mismo siendo una teoría bastante complexa.