RCAAP Repository

This research, as well as the postulates of linguistic functionalism, verifies the language in its function to aid communication, observing the motivations that exert influence on the linguistic structures. In this field of observation, we investigate the phenomenon of modalization, in a trajectory that starts from the consideration of this phenomenon as a semantic-pragmatic category related to the way the enunciator is involved with what is said, or with the states of things described (LYONS, 1977; NARROG, 2012; PALMER, 1986, 2001), to the conception, from the functional point of view, of a "grammaticalization of the attitudes and opinions of the speakers" (OLIVEIRA, 2003, p. 245). We investigate the modality in the writing of scientific articles published in annals of academic events, tracing a course of the linguistic mechanisms that express the modalization in this specific genre, aiming to verify if they constitute distinct discursive strategies of argumentation, in light of the functionalist assumptions. The corpus was constituted with samples of ten articles of the areas of pedagogy and ten of engineering. As we believe that this is linked to academic discourse, our research also investigates mechanisms of persuasion conferred by the use of modalities, starting from the hypothesis that these (and the modalizers that express them) have valuable argumentative use in the construction of the scientific article genre, contributing to the convincing and persuasion of the reader of the text regarding the ideas exposed. The theoretical framework that led us to make reflections is anchored in the studies of Givón (1979, 1983, 1984), Croft (1990, 2001), Hopper and Traugott (1991), Neves (1994, 2004, 2011, 2013), Gonçalves (2007), among others. We have identified that some structures specialize in some modality cases despite continuing to perform their primary functions. We attest, based on what the data reveal, that there is regular use of the epistemic modality. In proposing his analysis, in the part of the development of the superstructure of the scientific article, the intention of the author is to prove the veracity of his research, and thus gain authority. To do so, it is used certainty in a large percentage, and at the same time, in a strategic attitude, it leaves the doubt, through the modifying adverbs and the epistemic modalities of certainty combined with the alethic of possibility, in order to gain the adherence of the reader in relation to what it says.

In today's world, companies face the great challenge of building sales strategies to create value for their brands, thus using sexual appeal in their advertisements to attract the attention of consumers to their goods and services. The Implicit Association Test (TAI) is shown as an attempt to access consumer preferences through automatic processing. The objective of the study was to construct and validate an implicit association test for preference between sexual and non-sexual advertisements. The sample consisted of 60 university students, 30 males and 30 females with a mean age of 24.77 years. Data collection took place in two stages, the first one in the classroom where participants answered the sociodemographic questionnaire, Sex Dependence Tracking Scale, Richmond Compulsive Purchase Scale and Visual Preference Scale for Preference of Propaganda (EVAPP). In the second stage, a web page address was sent to perform the TAI Preference Propaganda (TAIPP) for each participant, in two moments with a time interval of one week between the two measures. Half of the sample started the study by the explicit instruments and then performed the IAT, and the other participants did the reverse. In the retest condition the participants responded only to the IAT. Correlations were made between the TAI and the instruments used. There was a strong association between the "taste" and "appellate" categories in the test and retest conditions in the total sample, and gender difference, with men showing a greater association. TAIPP was a better predictor of preference than EVAPP. There was a strong positive correlation in the TAIPP test and retest conditions, indicating the reliability and validity of the instrument. TAIPP has been sensitive in capturing consumers' preference by allowing the prediction of consumer behavior from appealing advertisements.

The research aims to make a sociological analysis about the A Song Of Ice and Fire, by George R. R. Martin, from a debate about the question of morality, specifically the problem of the virtues. The methodology used was mainly bibliographical research with auxiliary searches in electronic sites, videos and the commentaries of the readers of the afore mentioned books. For the concretion of the work, it traces a discussion about the concept of ideology as a “symptom”, affirming it as central for the articulation between morality, literature and society. At the same time, it is presented the notion of “utopian function” (BLOCH, 1996), complementing the concept of ideology and utterance of the fantastic elements in Martin’s work. Then, the analysis focus on the debate about the idea of “moral disorder” (MACINTYRE, 2001) and the discussion about the social production of moral values and virtues, and the reproduction of such virtues on literary works. From this point, the study turns to the analysis of the five books of the Asoif series and of the relevance of the specific way in wich the “Winter” and apocalyptic images are connected to a reordering of sensibilities. Finally, it is observed how the values and virtues are expressed in Martin’s work, making it possible for a reading of the A Song of Ice and Fire books as a “handbook of morality”, as an expression of the articulation of values and virtues on the capitalist society.

ABSTRACT Metaphor is a cognitive mechanism that allows us to conceptualize our everyday experiences. This research aimed to investigate how the impeachment of President Dilma Rousseff, occurred in 2016, was conceptualized in the speeches of representatives of Brazilian society, based on conceptual metaphors that were used in the construction / understanding of this concept. Specifically, our objectives were to analyze the cultural / ideological values that supported the conceptual metaphors evidenced, as well as to verify the existence of specific metaphors that categorize the impeachment of 2016. The corpus of our work is constituted by pronouncements of participants of the judgment occurred in the Federal Senate that compose the books "20 hours in history: the long session of admissibility of the Impeachment of President Dilma Rousseff" and "Impeachment: the judgment of President Dilma Rousseff by the Federal Senate", as well as comments and opinions of ordinary people and public people about the topic in question, taken from newspapers, magazines and blog sites. We used as theoretical reference the Theory of Conceptual Metaphor (TCM), studied by Lakoff and Johnson (1987, 1999, 2002 [1980], 2003), Lakoff and Turner (1989) and Kövecses (2000, 2010 [2002], 2005), and the notion of Idealized Cognitive Model (MCI), according to Lakoff (1987). In order to analyze the relationship between metaphor, culture and ideology, we use the postulates of Kövesces (2005) and Goatly (2007). The hypothesis that the conceptualization of President Dilma's impeachment can be investigated from the conceptual metaphors that reflect two antagonistic political-ideological positions in Brazilian society, namely, one opposite and the other favorable to impeachment, was demonstrated by the qualitative analysis of the data. In the results found from the investigated corpus, we observed the use of two groups of source domains that structure the concept of impeachment and that consolidate, each of them, the macro metaphors IMPEACHMENT IS BLOW and IMPEACHMENT IS NOT BLOW, conceptualizing the impeachment of President Dilma Rousseff negatively and positively, respectively.

The introduction of mobile computing devices in 21st century culture has generated new practices and experiences in reading habits in contemporary society, especially in the new generation (digital natives). The well-known e-books now open space for one more possibility provided by the improvement of the tablets and smartphones, which are the e-picturebooks, influenced by the emergence of the electronic literature allied to the potentialities of the digital children's literature, as well as theories of the illustrated book or picturebook theory. This research, therefore, investigated how cyberculture has re-appropriated the media illustrated children's book and reconfigured its structure and dimensioning from remediation, new media and interart studies, presenting as general objective the construction of readings operations and the profile of the reader in the Digital Age. The qualitative, bibliographical, exploratory and explanatory methodology brought together diverse sources, among academic materials, books and digital publications to support the ideas presented here. In order to exemplify the object of study in the light of new media, we investigate the awarded works, between the years 2015 and 2017, within the awards of the biggest events in children's literature and the world and national illustrated book, namely: Bologna Ragazzi Digital Award and Jabuti Infantil Digital Award. In this way, we relate traces of the theories of cyberculture to the profile of the children's cyber-reader and to the new operations of reading, providing clues to how contemporary society has experienced reading at the beginning of this century.

Dyslipidemias are chronic diseases, characterized by elevation in plasma levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL), associated with a decrease in plasma levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL). In part, changes in lipid metabolism are associated with the type of fatty acids ingested in the diet. The high intake of saturated and trans fatty acids contributes to the increase of the plasma levels of LDL, CT, TG and reduction of HDL. In addition, dyslipidemias may favor the development of insulin resistance, systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) and cardiovascular diseases. Studies indicate that probiotics, if consumed in adequate quantities, may play a role in the improvement of disorders in lipid metabolism, reduction of inflammatory markers, attenuation of oxidative stress and reduction of blood pressure. Thus, the general objective of this study was to investigate the effects of supplementation with the Lactobacillus fermentum 296 strain in dyslipidemic rats on cardiometabolic parameters. This was a non-clinical trial performed with male Wistar rats at 90 days of age and divided into three groups: control group (CTL), dyslipidemic (DLP), who received a dyslipidemic diet and placebo solution (PBS), and the group with L. fermentum 296 (DLP + Lf296) with dyslipidemic diet and gavage supplementation with L. fermentum 296 (1.0 x 109 CFU / mL) daily for 4 weeks. At the end of the study, blood was collected for biochemical tests, oral glucose tolerance (OGT) and insulin (TTI) tests were performed, and finally the rats were submitted to surgery for insertion of cannulas into the femoral artery for posterior measurement of the basal blood pressure, obtaining heart rate (HR) records, spectral analysis of systolic blood pressure and pulse interval, baroreflex sensitivity, sympathetic-vagal balance and sympathetic vascular tone in each group. The rats were euthanized and the organs were collected for weighing. Finally, the faeces were collected and the Lactobacillus spp count was performed. The intervention with L. fermentum 296 was able to prevent the increase of total cholesterol levels (111.5 ± 10 vs. 161 ± 18.2 mg / dl), LDL (84.9 ± 10.7 vs. 142.6 ± 20.9 mg / dl), and triglycerides (52.5 ± 4.6 vs. 85 ± 8.3 mg / dl) (p <0.05) in dyslipidemic rats. The administration of L. fermentum 296 prevented increased systolic blood pressure (149.5 ± 3.3 vs. 162.5 ± 1.6 mmHg, p <0.05), and sympathetic cardiovascular tone (-50.8 ± 3.5 vs. -63.4 ± 3.0 mmHg, p < 0.05) in rats fed a dyslipidemic diet. The administration of L. fermentum 296 was not able to prevent insulin resistance (p> 0.05) and damage in cardiac baroreflex control (p> 0.05) caused by the dyslipidemic diet. These results indicate that L. fermentum 296 presents potential for use as a probiotic with the ability to modulate biochemical and cardiovascular parameters of interest for the treatment of cardiometabolic diseases.

Mental fatigue refers to a psychological change, prolongs the duration of the demanding cognitive activities, cause of episodes of lack of energy and fatigue. However, it is not clear if a mental fatigue can influence your performance during a beach volleyball game. The aim of the study was to analyze the effects of mental fatigue during the beach volleyball game. This is an experimental study with a crossover design. The athletes were young in the stands (16,1 ± 0,9 years, 74,5 ± 8,8 kg, 183,1 ± 2,8 cm, 12,6 ± 4,5 kg of fat, 41,4 ± 15,9 kg of lean mass with 2,7 ± 0,6 years of experience in national and international competitions. The athletes performed beach volleyball matches according to the rules of the International Volleyball Federation in two different conditions, with a period of 48. The experimental condition (EX) was used in a game after 30 minutes of cognitive activity required through the Stroop Task. The control condition (CT) consisted of 30 minutes without demanding physical activity. Were subjected to mental motivation exercises and motivation during the Stroop Task. The exercise was measured during four perspectives: physical performance, technical-tactical performance, decision making and skill execution of the attack. The physical performance was analyzed through the perception subjective of effort (RPE), the heart rate (HR), the amount of jump and the amount of hits during the game, as well as the vertical jump after the game. For an evaluation of technical performance, the coefficient of performance and fundamentals were used: serve, reception, set, attack, block and defense. Decision making and the ability to execute the exercise were through the Instrument for the Evaluation of the Performance of the Game (GPAI). The sensation of mental fatigue had a major impact on Stroop's task (p= 0,0001) and was significantly greater in previous experience. The value of the one-way ANOVA of the mind proved a significant amount of errors (p= 0,01) at E20 to E30. An analysis of the PSE showed that the differences between the living conditions (p= 0,002) and between the moments (p= 0,0001) being greather in EX condition. HR that appears in relation to the moments (p= 0,0001) in two conditions. The amount of jump and hits during the beach volleyball game, which is not the same, are the differences between the conditions EX an CT (p<0,05). The comparative analysis of the technical performance, the CT condition presented a better attack when compared to the EX condition (p<0.05) through the coefficient of performance and efficacy. The CT condition presented a higher decision-making index when compared to the EX condition. There was no significant difference in the skill execution index between the conditions (p <0.05). Mental fatigue impairs performance during a beach volleyball game.

It is part of the organization of information in catalogs of libraries with a focus on descriptive representation and formats for the exchange of bibliographic data. Its main objective is to know the characteristics of the trajectory and the structure of the book description, in different exchange formats, making a comparison of these formats with the MARC 21 standard. In order to meet the proposed objective, the following specific objectives were delineated: identify formats for the interchange of bibliographic data between libraries, as well as their characteristics and guiding principles; emphasize the importance of adopting the rules of description and exchange formats for descriptive representation in library systems; and present the description structure of data in other exchange formats that resemble or differ from the current MARC 21 format. It is a bibliographic research, descriptive in nature and with qualitative approach. It shows that, in addition to the widely known MARC standard, other bibliographic exchange formats have been developed over the years. In addition, it brings out the scenario of consolidation of the main instruments, rules and standards of bibliographic description used in the automation of library catalogs, from the mid-1960s to the beginning of the 21st Century, revealing the efforts of information professionals in order to offer contemporary society access to bibliographic information in an organized and standardized way. Concludes that the MARC standard developed in the Library of Congress and the UNISIST Reference Manual, developed by UNESCO, guided the development of formats for the exchange of bibliographic data between the 1970s and 1980s. Especially, at this time, the formats: CALCO, UNIMARC, CCF, LILACS, CEPAL and the IBICT. Some of which are no longer used and others remain in force. From the 1990s, with the popularization of the Internet, the metadata standards for different contexts appeared on the web, highlighting the MARC 21 for Bibliographic Data and the Dublin Core metadata standard that, although not specific to the bibliographic context, has also been used in libraries. The comparison of bibliographic records with the current version of the MARC 21 has made it possible to learn about the particularities of each of these exchange formats.

This study deals with environmental licensing, which is an instrument to control and protect the environment, being used for the establishment of enterprises that implicate environmental degradation or that require the use of natural resources, imposing measures able to mitigate the impacts generated by the degrading activity. For this purpose, the general objective of this study was to evaluate the population’s participation in environmental licensing processes in Paraíba State, Brazil, confronting it with the methodology adopted by the SUDEMA-PB (Superintendence of environment management of Paraíba). This is a qualitative research based on available bibliographical and documentary sources and aims at demonstrating how the audiences are conducted, measuring the effectiveness of the population’s participation in this process. Regarding the results, it is expected that the principles from participatory democracy inserted in the public audiences can influence this important democratic tool, avoiding that its adoption becomes just another formal and bureaucratic characteristic to reach the desired environmental license.

This work explores the teaching of musical instruments for people with disabilities, their relationships and their teaching processes. The research developed had as general objective to understand how has been characterized the teaching of music in the classes of musical instrument in the Special School of Music Juarez Johnson (EEMJJ). And from this focus, the work has the specific objectives to identify and understand: a) the main proposals and practices of music teaching in the school; b) the practices of instrument teaching; c) the main conceptions of the teachers about the instrument classes. The research was methodologically based around a case study, involving the practices and conceptions of three musical instrument teachers, around their classes developed with seven students of musical instrument of the EEMJJ, in the city of João Pessoa-PB. The selected students have the following disabilities and special needs: two students with Down Syndrome, one with hearing impairment, one with autism, two students with intellectual disability, one student with Sturge-Weber Syndrome. The theoretical basis proposed for this research is based on texts about music teaching and Special Education. Thus, works of the area of Musical Education, Special Musical Education, Pedagogy of the Musical Instrument were used; and texts from some areas that relate to the topic addressed as Special Education, Education, and Sociology, to cover and deepen the discussion. The research covers topics such as: people with disabilities, society and history; musical education and inclusion; diversity in music teaching; musical instrument teaching and inclusive education. The methodological procedures had as instruments of data collection: bibliographic research; indirect observation of the classes (through video, without the presence of the researcher) and video recording; semi-structured interviews and audio recording. The organization and analysis of the data compares the annotations of the observations of the recorded classes and the transcripts of the interviews, listing the highlights of the conceptions and strategies of teaching in relation to the discussions brought in the work. The analyzed data emphasize that within the special musical education there are points to be seen as positive, as well as difficulties. And that it is necessary to discuss in a real way proposals of music teaching for these students, proposals that are coherent with the needs of the students. And that it is worth to re-signify and seek different means of teaching for a meaningful musical education for students with disabilities.

In urban centers, it is estimated that there is one dog for every five inhabitants, and 10% of these animals are at risk on the streets, causing a series of damages to municipalities and the population, such as: urban disorder, the environment, visual pollution, overcrowding of kennels and, perhaps, the most worrying of all damages, the threat to collective health. It is that the lack of population control of dogs in urban centers, as well as the improper handling of these animals, has caused the proliferation of pathogenic organisms, such as zoonoses - transmissible diseases between humans and animals - that could endanger people's health . In addition, animals housed in surveillance and zoonoses are also at risk, since many of these entities do not have the physical structure, financial and human resources to meet the basic needs of the animal population, the environment and the well-being of species. Therefore, the main objective of this research was to analyze the situation of the dogs housed in the Zoonoses Control Center of Campina Grande / PB, based on the behavioral study of these animals, using as a parameter the five animal welfare requirements proposed by the Brambell. For this research, a case study, the focal animal observation method was used, without the interference of the researcher, with elaboration, application and etogram evaluation. It was verified that the behaviors exhibited by the dogs in the Zoonoses Control Center of Campina Grande are consistent with the environmental conditions in which they were and are submitted, as well as with the stimuli and handling received by the people in the Unit in which they are confined. The results demonstrated that in the confinement process, the dogs failed to present an important amount of behavioral states. In relation to the concept of the five freedoms, it was concluded that the frequency of behavioral states presented by dogs proved to be inadequate for the pattern of the species, compromising the well-being and freedom of the animals analyzed, especially with regard to nutritional, behavioral and psychological requirements, due to the limited knowledge of the animals' needs, the incorrect handling of the canine species and the structural inadequacies of the facilities.

The study aims to evaluate the effect of wooden chicken breast and abdominal fat on the oxidative stability and quality of emulsified product type patties under freezing temperatures (18 ° C) for 90 days. First, it was determined the lipid content and fatty acid profile of the chicken by-products (abdominal fat and skin). Four treatments were developed: PNS (emulsified with normal breast and skin), PNF (emulsified with normal breast and abdominal fat), PWB (emulsified with wooden breast), PNW (normal breast and wooden mixture). After processing the emulsified type patties, the hygienic-sanitary conditions of the product were evaluated, which was later characterized by the determinations of the partial chemical composition (moisture, proteins, lipids and ash), pH, Aw, performance during cooking (yield, shrinkage, shortening, water retention), texture profile, color parameters (L *, a *, b *, E, Hue) and sensory analysis (acceptance test and purchase intention). The effect of the storage was analyzed through the analysis of the color parameters (L *, a *, b *), hardness, shear force, fatty acid profile, volatile compounds and color and aroma degradation evaluated by untrained judges. The development of lipid oxidation was measured by peroxide index, TBARs, paraanisidine analysis. For protein oxidation, the analysis of carbonyl compounds was carried out. Emulsified type patties were microbiologically safe because they presented levels of microorganisms were below those determined by Brazilian legislation. The type of chicken breast used in the preparation of the emulsified type patties did not influenced ash, lipids, Aw, shrinkage, shortening, b*, E, acceptance and intention to purchase the product. The storage time promoted a lower hardness in the product processed with the mixture of normal chicken breast and wooden chicken breast, also influenced the lipid oxidation, but the judges did not perceive difference in color and aroma during the 90 days. About the protein oxidation, the storage period had fewer affect on the emulsified made with the mixture of normal breast and wooden breast. Regarding abdominal fat and skin, the higher lipid content was found for abdominal fat, as well as higher presence of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The type of fat used in the development of emulsified type patties influenced moisture, lipids and L *. The storage time promoted changes in the fatty acid profile, volatile compounds and the texture profile of the product. Is a highlighted in the fatty acids profile, the predominance of monounsaturated fatty acids, in the volatile compounds, the low presence of lipid oxidation markers and, concerning the texture profile, the lowest hardness and shear force was for products processed with abdominal fat. The results produced in this research indicate that it is possible to use the wooden chicken breast and it is abdominal fat in the production of emulsified type patties. Although there is levels of oxidation throughout the storage of the product, these can be considered low and not perceivable by consumers.

Gasification is the most efficiency process to extract chemical energy from biomass. It has been proved to be a great promise to generate electricity at low cost without damaging the environment. Much research in this area has been done to improve the technology in order to make it affordable to the communities. In this work it is discussed the possibility of generating electricity, as well as to produce charcoal having high superficial area, using a biomass gasifier coupled with a genset. The gasifier having an 8 kW thermal capacity was connected to an 18 hp Otto cycle engine (VANGUARD V-Twin) adapted to run with poor gas, and to a TOYAMA generator having 2 kW nominal power; a resistivity simulator as well as several instruments. An ash removal device serving also to extract pieces of charcoal was implemented on the gasifier. The results show that the specific consumption of biomass (kg/kW.h) decreases as the electrical power rises; the efficiency of the system gasifier/genset is directly proportional to the electrical power generation; the content of fixed carbon on the charcoal went from 65,22 % to 70,86 %. Gasification process shown to be an economic alternative to generate electricity, as well as to produce charcoal having significant superficial area high fixed carbon.

Nowadays, the concern with protecting the environment and in particular with water resources is becoming more frequent. Thus, contamination of soil and groundwater from the diffusion and convection processes of the concentration of contaminants accumulating over time in landfills is an extremely important factor. The present work aims to study the propagation of the concentration of contaminants present in the soil, from the continuous and uniform pollutant leakage in an urban solid waste storage cell (RSU) in a sanitary landfill. The generalized integrated transform (GITT) technique is used to solve the problem of transport of the species in the landfill through the concentration field. The analyzes focus on obtaining parameters for use in the prevention of contamination of soil and groundwater under a sanitary landfill. A hybrid, analytical-numerical solution is presented for the mass transport equation in a saturated porous medium. GITT is used to solve these equations, in a transient regime, allowing the mathematical manipulation of the equations and their boundary conditions, even if they are nonlinear, to produce systems of ordinary differential equations for transformed potentials. The model proposed in this paper is that of Ogata (1970) and Bear (1972). A computational code was developed to obtain the concentration field from practical parameters and that help in the implantation of new sanitary landfills with a greater degree of protection.

The biggest challenge today is the management of solid waste in the country, especially about the final disposal. The supply centers in Brazil develop several activities aimed at the commercialization of fruits and vegetables, generating a daily production of sudden vacations, which generate poor management, causing great waste. The recent implementation of Solid Waste Management Plans (PGIRS) in several supply centers aiming at the control of waste management requires a follow up of their actions to evaluate the effectiveness of these plans, analyzing internal results in the plants, as well as in the environment. Thus, the objective of this work was to reconstitute the PGIRS implementation process in 2015 at the Supply Center EMPASA/JP, starting as a starting point for waste management actions initiated in 2010. The research was conducted in the evaluation period from 2010 to 2018 as an action research through the participation in the management actions of organic and recyclable waste contemplated by the company's PGIRS, along with a team composed of internal employees and researchers from public universities. Awareness-raising actions were carried out with outsourced merchants and cleaning agents and partnerships were established with other federal, state and private institutions to assist in the improvement of the work carried out at EMPASA through academic research. As a result, a change in the conscience of the traders and employees of the central of supply, where they emphasized the importance of the correct destination of the residues in the public health of the own work environment, with elimination of the sanitary problems caused by the accumulation of the residues in the internal area of the central supply. Therefore, the research demonstrated the effectiveness of the implementation of PGIRS in the EMPASA / CEASA-JP Supply Center, with the reduction of the waste load destined to the sanitary landfill of João Pessoa and consequently of the negative effects on the environment, as well as change of habits of employees and traders.

Aromatic Polycyclic Hydrocarbons are compounds formed by two or more condensed aromatic rings and constituting a group of more than one hundred substances. Sixteen of these are monitored because of increased human exposure, toxicity, and possible carcinogenic and / or mutagenic effects. They are emerging pollutants formed by incomplete combustion that are generated in large quantity and continuously by human activity. The analytical methods used to determine these analytes are time consuming, high solvent consumption and require extraction and / or preconcentration. Soxhlet extraction is recommended and the concentration step of the organic extract is generally done by roto-evaporation or nitrogen flow. In these procedures, evaporative losses occur of more volatile species, such anthracene and phenanthrene. In this context, the solid phase extraction with membrane allied to the fluorescence spectroscopy directly on the membrane shows a sensitive, fast and low cost alternative that, together with the higher order calibration, allows to q uantify these compounds in several matrices. This set of techniques has a limitation for its application in real systems: possible suspended particles in the sample solution are retained in the membrane after the extraction and can compromise the detection of fluorescence by filter effect, making it impossible to apply to matrices that are more complex. Thus, in the present work a methodology was developed for the determination of ANT and FEN in water and soil samples using solid phase extraction in nylon membrane, direct total membrane fluorescence spectroscopy and second order calibration. The strategy used to avoid the interference of particulates retained in the filtration was to perform the detection on the opposite side of the filter. The results showed that the proposed method allows to identify phenanthrene and anthracene, and to quantify phenanthrene in a simple, fast and efficient way in samples of soils and tap water containing the two isomers.

This work is concentrated in the alternation between the nominalizing suffixes -ção and – mento in Brazilian Portuguese (BP). According to Haspelmach (2002), alternation is a linguistic phenomenon that consists of the speaker's ability to extract the same information through the use of different items.This work is based, in part, on the limits of the Linguistic Theory and, on the other, in the limits of Psycholinguistics, focusing on the articulation between the Distributed Morphology theory (HALLE & MORRIS, 1993; EMBICK, D., & MARANTZ, A.,2008) and Psycholinguistic theories of the Mental Lexicon, such as those of (HAY, 2002) in the study of words formed with the suffixes -ção e –mento. It is intended to provide a language model based on the integration between Linguistics and Psycholinguistics which accounts for explaining the online processing of derived forms with these two suffixes, both in production and in understanding. The articulation between formal language models and linguistic processing models is crucial for explaining the processing of words formed with the suffixes -ção e –mento. The alternation between these suffixes is explained by the conception of language as being a cognitive system embedded in linguistic performance systems, involving factors such as frequency of use and intentionality. Using an experimental paradigm known as lexical decision, experiments were performed to know how complex words formed with the suffixes-ção e –mento are represented, retrieved and processed in BP. The goal was to check if there are rules that license certain suffixes and prevent others in some formations. The conclusions point to the importance of the articulation between the Gerativist model of the language represented by Distributed Morphology (HALLE & MORRIS, 1993) and the mental lexicon model (LEVELT, 1989) representing the Psycholinguistic theory.The results of the experiments showed that the more a verbal form is known, the more quickly the derivation of a new word will be processed. Moreover, factors such as intentionality and trait of causation of verbal forms also influence the phenomenon of alternation between suffixes – ção and – ment.

It is considered that the millennial use of medicinal plants for the purpose of curing the diseases of mankind, has provided a vast knowledge on the therapeutic actions and the toxicity of certain species. In spite of the richness of the Brazilian flora, in the last 20 years, the number of information on medicinal plants has grown only 8% annually. Aiming to contribute with that scientific enrichment, the present study carried out a pioneering phytochemical work of Sida planicaulis Cav., aiming at the discovery its chemical constituents and antimicrobial action, and thus collaborate with the chemotaxonomic enrichment of the Malvaceae family. In order to reach these objectives, we used chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques, using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), uni and bidimensional, and Mass Spectrometry. With the methodology used it was possible to isolate a coumarin (Esculetin) and an alkaloid (Salt of cryptolepin) and to identify by FIA-ESI-IT-MS eight secondary metabolites, among them phenolic acids and glycosylated flavonoids, for example: tilirosideo, rutin and astragalin. Among the samples that tested its antimicrobial activity, the salt of cryptolepin was the most promising MIC against Candida albicans LM-38, Escherichia coli LM-35, Cryptococcus gatti IHCQS-40113, Cryptococcus neoformans LM-49 and Candida albicans ATCC-60193, having a pharmacological activity considered to be optimum to moderate, and may therefore be the target of future microbiological tests.

The education of students with disabilities demands a teacher education with knowledge, attitudes, and values that are fundamental for a successful implementation of inclusive education. The main goal of this study is to investigate aspects of ethical professional development of undergraduate students and teacher educators from teaching experiences with students with disabilities. Our discussions are situated in the field of Applied Linguistics, in the scope of studies developed in two groups Agir de Linguagem, Docência e Educação Inclusiva (ALDEI/UFPB) and Grupo de Estudos em Letramentos, Interação e Trabalho (GELIT/UFPB) and they are based on the perspective of the Sociodiscursive Interactionism (BRONCKART, 1999; BULEA, 2016), considering theoretical contributions from Philosophy (RICOUER, 1994; LEVINAS, 2013; SPINOZA, 2014 [1677]), Education (SKLIAR, 2006; RODRIGUES, 2006; UNICEF, 2012), Psychology (VYGOTSKY (2004, 2010 [1934]) and Work Sciences (AMIGUES, 2004; CLOT, 2010). The data generation process of this interpretative study was carried out through several instruments, among them audio recordings of two meetings with thirteen pre-service teachers, three teacher educators and three supervisor teachers. The collaborators were located in two contexts through which they lived the experience with students with disabilities: in a special education institution, through a supervised internship; as well as in two regular schools, with an institutional program called Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID). The data analysis took into consideration the notion of affection presented by Spinoza (2014 [1677]) and the concept of Action Figures (BULEA, 2016). The results pointed to metamorphoses experienced by the collaborators in terms of personal and professional development. These outcomes indicated that educational-formative mediations with students with disabilities made possible experiences of awareness about the ethical responsibility towards the inclusive demands. Concerning the propositional dimension of the thesis, from the texts generated in the study we presented aspects that contribute to an inclusive teaching education.

The human population has always sought important therapeutic properties in the vegetable species and, as a result, it began to use them in the treatment of various diseases, from the observation that in plants there are substances that act in the recovery of human health. Erythroxylum pauferrense Plowman, popularly known as "Guarda Dew" is a species of the Erythroxylaceae family endemic to the Northeast region of Brazil with occurrence confirmed only in the state of Paraíba. Due to the absence of chemical and pharmacological studies, this work aims to make a phytochemical approach and to evaluate the cytotoxicity potential of the ethyl acetate phase of E. pauferrense. The aerial parts of the species were collected in the municipality of Aréia - PB, after drying and spraying, extraction of the vegetal material and subsequent partition of the extract resulted in hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n - butanolic phases. The ethyl acetate phase was analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer, presenting 14 main peaks, which were putatively identified as flavonoids glycosides and oligomeric flavonoids. The same phase was subjected to column chromatography, and one of its fractions was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography with diode arrangement detector on analytical scale and preparative scale fractionation, leading to the isolation of three major substances: Quercetin-3- sambubioside, Quercetin-3-O-α-L-raminoside, and Ombuin-3rutinoside. These were identified by uni and bidimensional 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. For the evaluation of the cytotoxicity of the ethyl acetate phase of E. Pauferrense, a selection was made using the human tumor cell lines HL-60 (acute promyelocytic leukemia), MCF-7 (breast adenocarcinoma) and HCT-116 (colorectal carcinoma) in RPMI-1640 medium. Cytotoxicity was assessed by the MTT reduction assay. This screening showed a low activity (inhibition of cell growth ranging from 20 to 50%) for the HCT-116 lineage, a moderate activity (inhibition of cell growth ranging from 50 to 70%) for the MCF-7 lineage and much activity for the HL-60 line promoting a growth inhibition ranging from 70 to 100%. Therefore, this screening has a very promising result for the HL-60 lineage. The results obtained from this work contributed to the phytochemical and pharmacological knowledge of the genus Erythroxylum and the species Erythroxylum pauferrense.