RCAAP Repository

This paper aims at analysing the exercises of leisure, which young users of drugs who live in peripheral popular quarters of Joao Pessoa-PB find out, focusing its ways of sociability in a context of risk attraction. During the research, these youths were being treated at the Centre for Psychosocial Attention (CAPS/Young Citizen), a free-of-charge service rendered in Joao Pessoa that belongs to the Paraiba State Health Secretariat. The presupposition of this study is that, due to today s social demands imposed on youths, who not corresponding to such expectations are invaded by sentiments of incapacity and low self-esteem, these will look for in the drugs illusory sensations of pleasure to cut off the social and affective pains. These drugs play the role of entertainment and emotional crutches to allow them to feel properly supported. The central axis of this work is that the abusive use of drugs one of the ways of leisure is partly due to the impact of the modernity which is deteriorating the individuals perception over themselves and in the anxiety of their feeling powerful. They take a chance to belong to the society that excludes them. The analysis of the individuals speech shows that the use of drugs in itself is not but a sort of leisure directly associated with the risk, and that the socialisation in the spaces of leisure even leading into risks is searched for as a way to obtain pleasure and overcome the imposed challenges, so that on overcoming them they cope with the conditions of social belonging.

The discussions involving the subject of women have been growing in recent decades as a result of reframing of women's roles and the exponential growth of their participation in public spaces. This break with some old traditions brought the woman to the labor market and, as necessary, extended not only the horizon, but with the provision responsibilities and functions in the family. Under this scenario, we have analyzed the perception of middle-class woman on the diversity of women's roles in five different family configurations. The study in question is characterized as a field research, descriptive and qualitative approach. The sample consisted of five women with an income equivalent to the middle-class families and all with higher education, each representing one of five family configurations determined for this study: nuclear family, recomposed family, family ownership, family and single parent family expanded. Data collection was conducted through interviews, following a script unstructured. The interviews were recorded and then the interviews were transcribed, and the results analyzed using content analysis. The results from the analysis show that for middle-class women representatives of the five family configurations, the work presents itself not only as a means of provision for the families, but as an opportunity for emancipation. Even the middle class, the overlap of functions is a reality and the needs of the family may be factors involved in the process of professional growth. In search of an identity that addresses their needs and family, many of them balancing features culturally imposed on women development of the subject, with the acquisition of behavior patterns of the modern woman, heavily steeped in tradition, sexism and religion. After analyzing the results, it was observed that even for middle-class women and higher education level, cultural some remains are still part of family relationships and marital and work is the vehicle of emancipation most striking, though I can bring different implications for women that need to manage your home and family.

Handicapped people social inclusion possibility through the work bias has constituted itself in a subject too much actual because of the globalization process and the consequent changes deriving from this process in relation to the job market and employment. This way, the present study had as an objective to analyze how the insertion process of persons with physical deficiency occurs in the formal job market in João Pessoa metropolitan area, with base in the legal guaranties that support these subjects. For that, it was developed a research of qualitative basis, having the Fundação Centro Integrado de Apoio ao Portador de Deficiência (FUNAD) as the process mediator agent in six companies, with 18 (eighteen) persons with physical deficiency, 9 (nine) related to the Human Resources Sector of each participant company and 5 (five) responsible for the company admission selection process. The instruments for data collection were a half-structured interview and documental analysis, being thoroughly submitted to critical analysis. The realized data pointed to the identification of a person with physical deficiency profile in the job market, that corresponds to young individuals, with slight deficiencies, receiving low wages, but without demonstrating dissatisfaction, that reveals the existence of comprehension difficulties, on the part of the companies, about the inclusion process, denouncing the need of employing just to accomplish quotes and not to contribute to the persons with physical deficiency laboring potentiality recognition.

This dissertation entitled: The Social and Educational Inclusion of Children and Young People with Visual Impairment and participation of the NGO Institute of the Blind of Paraiba, this is a survey developed in the Graduate Programs in Social Work at the Federal University of Paraíba and by objectives the analysis of social-inclusive implemented by the NGO Institute of the Blind of Paraiba, aimed at children and youth with visual impairments, from the perception of these subjects in terms of social inclusion process to which they are submitted according to the parameters of the National Education Policy inclusive. The study was premised on the analysis of public policies of assistance to young people with visual disabilities specifically developed by the government with the participation of the NGO Institute of the Blind (ICP) in completing the process of social inclusion. The references presented a discussion on the role of social organizations linked to the Third Sector, focusing on the spoken-NGO-Citizens in the perspective of solidarity, as a key agent for completion and support of public policies in view of the great challenge that is put subjects such policies as real protagonists. The social-educational activities undertaken by the NGO / ICP, the object of our investigation, we are all linked to the process of social inclusion of its users, such as education, sport, culture, facilitation of access, the poor entry to the market of work to end discrimination and the exercise of citizenship. It must be remembered that all these actions are conditions to prevent social exclusion, while effecting inclusive actions. In this sense our research contributes to the broadening of debate about the problems faced by disabled people considering the responses materialized through public policies and operated both by the public as by private non-profit organization, attention to their needs and achieving its rights.

The emergence of prison considered as main penalty didn't happened to fulfill a humanitarian propose of replacement to old punishments, but rather, to discipline marginalize sectors of emerging capitalism, in the late 18th century and early 19th century, trying to turn the delinquent subjects into to docile subjects by submiting them to a dominant regime. Its function is to not only isolate the offender, but also to retrieve him. Prison labor is a way to introject the convicts a greater obedience to rules, fortifying the discipline in prisons. In this sense, the work as a way to recover the individual linked to the notion of discipline is in the origin of prison, main penalty. This research aims to analyse the work processes in the Penal Institute of Reeducation Judge Sílvio Porto, in João Pessoa, in the point of view of the convicts, in the perspective of understand the meaning of work in the prison to this social actors. The methodology used, of qualitative character, had as criterion the diverse processes of work implemented at the Institution, which are divided into three segments: services to support the Penal Institution, specialized services and production. From these, we assembled a set of forty-six inmates as research participants, divided into five discussion groups Meetings about Labor according to the activity that they performed, with three meetings for each group: 1st group, Balls Factory; 2nd group, kitchen, printer, cartridge recycling and confection of dental prostheses; 3rd group, cleaning and maintenance; 4th group, handicraft; 5th group, sewing balls in the cells. We also performed individual interviews with forty-six inmates, with the Director of Penal Institution, with the Manager of the Balls Factory and with the Judge of Penal Execution of the city of João Pessoa. The process of content of analysis elucidated seven categories: the work as a right; The processes of work, Organization of work process, Relations between convicts; The importance of work; Promotion of freedom and the relation: prison labor and future, composed by subcategories. The process of content analysis elucidated seven categories: Work as a right, work processes, organization of the work process, relations between the convicts; The importance of work, promotion of freedom and prison labor and Future Value, composed of subcategories. The results show that prison work is represented in a positive way, but also denounced, in the midst of this excitement, few job vacancies offered, the paltry wages, the constant lack of legal guarantees of remission of sentence, among other limitations. It is hoped that the results of this research will contribute in the formulation and implementation of social politics directed to the penitentiary system, specifically in what refers the prison labor, so that the interventions in this area occur in consonance to the knowledge produced by the target public of their actions.

The evaluation of health care of the elderly is becoming a pressing need in the face of population explosion in this population segment of the world. In the Brazilian case, projections indicate that within twenty years it will be the sixth most-aged country in the word. The object of study of this research is to analyze the evaluation of the programs, projects, services and activities of the health care of the elderly from the indicators of accessibility, quality and effectiveness. This research aims to establish whether the programs , projects, services and activities of the health care of the elderly produce positive impacts in these users from the perspective of quality of life. For both, the research sought to evaluate the health car of the elderly, developed by Specialized Center for Health Care of the Elderly (CEASI), In The City of Natal/RN. In methodological terms, this process is investigative typified as a search field of character with the adoption of evaluative tools and techniques quali-quantitative using the chip cadastral institutional , the questionnaire with the professionals and semi-structured interviews with 40 (forty) elderly, users CEASI. The data collection occurred between the years of 2006 to 2007. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics of reading and analysis of content categorization by topic. The results showed that 100% of the elderly interviewed seeking programs and curative health services, 90% are carriers of chronic diseases, 87,5% have problems of access to services of CEASI, both to personal, especially difficulty of mobility and financial and institutional order, especially the bureaucracy and geographic location of the centre. . In inconclusive terms, it shows that although the proposed program of work of CEASI inset itself in the perspective of the rights of senior citizens, the achievement of universality and accessibility is far from effective. It was found that despite the existence of social legislation to guarantee the rights of the elderly, there are significant parcels of the group who are excluded, especially their rights to health care. Evidence itself as elements constraints in this table: the lack of clarification and ignorance Aging of his health/disease , as well as the existence of structural determinants that hamper access, quality and effectiveness of health care.

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) allows both qualitative and quantitative chemical analysis, separating and identifying substances in mixtures with speed and efficiency. However, factors governing chromatographic retention are complex and the method development phase consumes a lot of resources. In our work we evaluated a chromatographic simulation software package (HIPAC-G, HIPAC-B e HIPAC-S, Phenomenex, Torrance, USA) for optimizing the chromatographic separation of eight flavonoid standards (3-O-[β-Dglucopyranosyl-( 1→6)-α-L-ramnopyranosyl]-7-O-α-L-ramnopyranosyl kampferol; hesperidine; kampferol; tiliroside; quercetin; 3,4 ,7,8-tetra-O-methyl-gossypetine; 3,3 ,4 ,7,8-penta-O-methylgossypetine and 3,3 ,4 ,7-tetra-O-methyl-quercetin). The HIPAC model of retention is based on the known linear relationship that exists between the retention factor of an analyte and the percentage of organic solvent in the mobile phase, to simulate retention data. Using gradient elution, three trial runs were done (preliminary runs that are used to input retention data to the software). The first trial run used a C18 column (250 x 4,6 mm, 5 m) and as mobile phase a gradient from 5 to 95% of acetonitrile (solvent B) in 0,1% formic acid (solvent A) at a flow rate of 1 mL/min with UV detection at 264 nm. The first trial run was comprised of two gradient runs using the same chromatographic conditions but different gradient duration times (30 and 60 minutes respectively). The second trial run used the same chromatographic conditions as the first one, but methanol instead of acetonitrile as the organic modifier and 10% and 100% as the initial and final %B, respectively. The third trial run was done with the same chromatographic conditions as the second one, but using a column with different stationary phase and dimensions (C8, 150 x 4,6 mm, 5 m). The retention data of the three trial runs were used as input to the simulation software, using the HIPAC-G module. For isocratic mode simulation using the HIPAC-B module, both a C8 (150 x 4,6 mm, 5 m) and a C18 (250 x 4,6 mm 5 m) column was used with binary mixtures of MeOH (solvent B) in 0,1% formic acid (solvent A). Two trial runs with 60% and 70%B were done for each column and the resulting retention data used as input for simulation. The optimized separation conditions as suggested by HIPAC-B were used as input for HIPAC-S to optimize the system chromatographic conditions. The optimization criterion used for all simulations was the average global resolution for all peaks in the chromatogram. Altogether twelve simulations in gradient elution mode and four isocratic simulations were done. The simulated retention data was then confronted with experimentally obtained retention data for the eight flavonoid standards. The correlation coefficient (r2) between simulated and observed retention times for the analytes when eluted in gradient mode varied from 0,9416 to 0,9992 (n=12). The correlation coefficient in isocratic mode varied from 0.9999 to 1 (n=4), indicating an excellent efficiency in predicting retention data for the mixture tested. Taken together our results show that the use of chromatographic simulation software such as HIPAC-G, HIPAC-B e HIPACS can constitute an important tool in the optimization of separation conditions of complex mixtures, such as those found in the field of natural products.

To present master's degree dissertation, entitled - Centralidade of the Work in the marks of the Contemporary Capitalism, intends to analyze the contours that involve the work in the marks of the present time. He/she/you breaks of the transformations orchestrated in the ambit of the organization of the work, above all in the last decades of the century XX, which cart a series of controversies around the social thought: would the central work be in the contemporary capitalist sociability? In the intention of elements that clear this inquiry appearing, it is looked for with this study to apprehend the connections estruturantes of the debate critically concerning the end of the centralidade of the work, the aspects that you/they particularize him, and, especially, the current theoretical elaborations of the thesis of the technological determinism as motor of the history. At the same time, they are presented the historical and social determinations that they found the debate on the centralidade of the work or your invalidade for the present period, by study of the configurations assumed by the work, starting from the decade of 1970. In this course, he/she comes to the light of the method critical-dialético the defense of the thesis of centralidade of the work, while eternal human need and, therefore, central in the sociability contemporary's marks.

Before the Discovery of Poliquimioterapy PQT the treatment used to combat leprosy was the model isolationist. For a long time families were separated and people removed from its social coexistence, or placed in leprosy colonies far from the cities. This model of treatment helped the development of the social stigma related to the disease of prejudice and discrimination by the society to the carriers and their families. The aim of this work is to investigate the social stigma from the point of view of bearers of the city of leprosy Cajazeiras PB. The search feature has developed empirical, exploratory and quantitative-qualitative held in two stages (participatory observation and application of questionnaires). The research subjects were 25 carriers registed in the Program Hall of Control and Elimination of Leprosy Cajazeiras PB. These people were patients of the Family Health Program FHP, the clinical School of the Faculty Santa Maria FSM and Polyclinic Hall, of both genders and with a confirmed diagnosis of leprosy. Of these 25 patients, 12 were male and 13 female, in relation to age was not relevant prevalence of the disease in any particular age group; as to the profession/occupation have interviewed all professions/occupations whose income is less than or equal to a minimum wage (farmer and domestic), according to the location of housing, 21 live in the urban area and only 04 live in the rural area; in relation to the time of appearance of the first signs and diagnosis of leprosy, the average time was most common among 01 to 06 months, but only 05 interviewed has a diagnosis of leprosy after 02 years of the appearance of the first sign of the disease and 16 were interviewed the only clinical diagnosis, while 09 of them had to submit to smear; as to the time of treatment that patients are searched using the PQT, it was observed that 03 were interviewed by high cure; agree with the view of them with regard to the treatment PQT, only 05 said finding the bad treatment or reasonable, while 20 o considered good or great, despite some deploy the adverse reactions; about the disease, 05 only the family, 15 that family and friends and 05 knew about suffered any attitude of prejudice and/or discrimination, 06 individuals said that yes. The small number of cases, although it is unacceptable, shows that there were advances with regard to the understanding of the disease, its social representation and attitude of the people who come into direct contact with their carriers. Although the cases of the city of Cajazeiras not allow us to say that the decline in cases of prejudice and discrimination is a trend throughout country, we can at least consider that, especially in that city, the incidence of the phenomenon is much lower than people commonly imagine when we think about the disease and social mistreatment suffered by the patients.

From the 1988 Constitution, Social Assistance Policy becomes a guaranteed right. The approval of the Organic Law of Social Assistance and the creation of the Unified Social Assistance Service (SUAS) are examples that make up the foundations of this model of social management, decentralized and participatory. The SUAS operates in a decentralized manner and with financial transfers from National Fund to Municipal Social Assistance Fund. It also occurred to empowering municipalities in Managements initial, basic or full. This study aims to present how was the whole process of implementation of this system in the municipality of Junco do Seridó-PB, describing the process of enabling the municipality, the actions of CRAS, Federal Programs running in the city and the view of technical acted directly on its implementation, determining the limits and possibilities that this model presented in that district. The city was certified in Basic Management, for providing basic social protection services and of medium complexity, such as the PETI and PBF. The council presents the minimum conditions for the implementation of programs, but with limitations that are peculiar to small towns, especially in reality of Paraíba, with limited resources and scarce jobs. Shares of CRAS meet all generational groups, from young children in the Toy Library as the elderly, to the accompaniment of a multidisciplinary team composed of assistance, health and education professional. Identified as possibilities, as described in statements of the authors when they point out the social achievements, and express the positive results of actions taken at the council, such as the development of Federal Programs and actions of CRAS. However, limits are identified as the lack of ongoing training, lack of access to media such as internet and telephone. We propose an involvement of professionals, managers and all who are part of this construction of social policy, to seek knowledge beyond what is put in by government agencies, so that together, with the institutions of knowledge, we can change our practice in a praxis, for the guarantee of citizenship for all.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

This is a study of the productive relations in the sugarcane industry of Paraiba, in this century, emphasizing the ways to realize there holding of capital accumulation to analyze the changes arising from the restructuring of productive capital, from the year 1980, to check how they express themselves in work and life of workers of that key production to the Brazilian economy. This dissertation deals with the formatting and rearrangements triggered by the sugar cane agroindustrial capital in recent years, which are expressed within the territorial and productive and have greatly reflected in the dynamic work that develops in this segment. In the current scenario, we are faced with opening up new areas of expansion of this activity monoculture of capitalist markedly, we look for seizing and understanding the processes of exploitation of labor, embodied mainly in the sugar cane agribusiness. Also pay attention to the intensification of the precariousness of working conditions, housing and workers' lives, subject of those proceedings, under the excesses of capital, which changes in techniques of cultivation of sugarcane, not impacting on the working conditions of sugar cane. For these, the only significant change is the level of work intensification. The following text aims to show, albeit minimally, as they have been given the working relationship in the biofuels industry in general and seeks to verify the specifics of these relationships in the Northeast region of Paraíba.

The aim of this work is to study the policy of professional qualification in the state of Paraíba based on the National Plan of Qualification and the Territorial Plan of Qualification - PNQ/PlanTeQ, in the period between 2003 and 2010, trying to investigate, mainly, the capacity these programmes have to simultaneously suit the immediate necessities of professional and orientational qualification to the citizen formation of the subjects, in a context of unemployment in the labour world. In face of the conjuncture of transformations in the dimensions of politics and work since 1990, marked by the expansion of the globalization process of the economy, by the flexible production and by the reform of the state, new social demands are now part of the social questions with the increase of unemployment and poverty. The public policy of employment needed to be reformulated in a way to intensify its role in the intermediation and the professional formation of the workers, as an strategy to face the problem of social exclusion by work. The PNQ/PlanTeQ-Paraíba considers the professional qualification as a right to citizenship and public policy, and this is why it is pertinent to analyse how the students percieve themselves in this process and if the courses offered are forming workers with capacity and competence in conditions of insertion in the labour market, at the same time it proposes to form citizens who are critical and conscious of their place in society. It is in this context of redefinition of the public policies, more specifically with the PNQ and the PlanTeQ-Paraíba, that the analysis of the basis of the conception and objectives of professional qualification is proposed, especially on how it articulates the professional qualification with the citizen formation; to identify the main actors involved in the construction and management of the PlanTeQ-Paraíba and the relations of the forces established among them; and also to investigate the processes to define plans of action of the PlanTeQ-Paraíba in relation to the conditions of execution, focusing on the contents to be dealt with and the profile of the people responsible for its execution, principally considering the ways to make the professional qualification and the citizen formation compatible. The main methodological resources used were the bibliographical and documental formation, observation of participants and field research. To the latter, interviews were done with some of the various subjects who act in the management and execution of the PlanTeQ in Paraíba, observations in the meetings of CETE-Paraíba and the participation in professional qualification courses, besides the realization of a focus group with students of a professionalization course, that made the reunion of a rich qualitative material possible, privileging the critical analysis of objective and subjective elements which permeate the deployment of PlanTeQ in the state. A perspective of apprehending the public policy as a process in construction, with advances, permanence or setbacks, in which the struggle and dispute of power and social places is common is adopted. To be expressed as a right to citizenship and to be able to guarantee its effectiveness, we understand that the policy of professional qualification must be an integral part of a wider project of social insertion, being tuned with a set of social policies to, besides giving the professional formation, make the universal rights and the possibility of a social construction to an active citizenship possible to the subject.

This study is related to the outsourcing process within bank sector from Brazilian economy, focusing on workeforce outsourcing whose contract is the worker. It is noteworthy that this capital strategy is applied both direct and indirect approach within support and core activities. In this context, this study aimed to analyze historically how the capital through its productive improvement, such as outsourcing, led to new ways of work control in order to reproduce the worker division and keep the capitalism within Caixa Econômica Federal CEF, during 2001 and 2009. Regarding the methodological aspects, it was carried out a literature review, including the analysis of secondary data such as CEF‟s Social Report and Luta Bancária newspaper. Besides that, outsourced workers and managers were interviewed at selling place of CEF. The analysis of the outsourcing of workforce coupled with the historical study on the work category and the work social division, it was observed that contradiction of current capitalism production manner has been reproducing through the production restructuring occurred in the late twentieth century. This is because that phenomenon sets in motion preterit precarious working practices such as outsourcing, can cause further division and conflict among workers.

This paper explores the manifestations of popular culture in neighborhoods of Roger and also in the city of Joao Pessoa, in a period between 1900 and 1960 decades. The aim of this study was to understand the transformations occurring in the context of popular culture in the region, emphasizing the field of power relations that is located on the popular culture of the hegemonic culture. During the twentieth century, many changes occurred in the city of Joao Pessoa, especially with regard to its urban setting, working conditions, housing and the broader cultural context. These changes, in turn, caused changes in the customs and cultural practices popular in the region comprising the districts of Roger and Tambiá. The aim of this study is to examine the customs and cultural practices popular in this transformation process. In this sense, my concern is with cultural processes and the experiences of its participants. Therefore, the memory of local residents is crucial to this research. It is this memory that guides us in the ways of popular culture as it is from there that we can take account of the meanings of culture.

This research approaches the questions sociological: segregation and urban violence, having as lócus Bank clerks, one of the quarters of João Person, capital of the Paraíba. The general objective of the research was to analyze which the relation between segregation and violence in this quarter. The motivation how much to the choice of this object of comment, it left of some tracks that pointed with respect to the existence of segregation in Bank clerks, raised in previous research, and of the knowledge gotten for proper experience of the reality of the quarter how much to the constant occurred cases of violence in its space. For the accomplishment of this research the etnográfico method was used. Soon after the confirmation of the segregation existence space partner in Bank clerks, I attempted against in considering this phenomenon as a violence form, in the measure in express the sufferings of the daily reality of one of the communities of the quarter, the Timbó. The research looked for to also understand the factors and the agents who determine the segregation of this community. Moreover, it verified that this segregation contributes for the sprouting of other forms of urban violence, that if constitute in crimes, many of violent them. Such crimes for its time strengthen the segregation and the stigma on the segregated community of the quarter.

This work examines the activities of the organs of the criminal prosecution system and the rates of homicide and crime against property in the city of João Pessoa in 2009. To put this theme in a wider panorama was performed a bibliographic research on crime and violence seeking to steer the study under the sociological point of view. It is presented an approach of the national public security system, in view of the constitutional principles, with the objective of facilitate the understanding of the role of each organ of that system in the State. To better situate the work it is designed a social profile of the city with the presentation of social indicators directly related to the public safety. It was made a detailed description of the operations of each of the members responsible for public security of the city, including police, prosecutors, judiciary system and penitentiary system, focusing in their systematic aspects. Through the presentation of historical series of data about police occurrences recorded in the city, it was made an analysis of the rates of homicide and crimes against property plotting the growth of these rates with the action of each of the organs of the security system.

This monograph is a overview discussion of the political situation of Paraíba s brazilian state in which the first Paraíba s State Health Surveillance Agency (in portuguese Agência Estadual de Vigilância Sanitária - AGEVISA-PB) was created in 2002, specially all the decision process involved in the implementation of it s Public Health. The main points studied were the decisions, the governors agents, politicians and others interested persons involved on this process. Were highlighted during this study the participation of all agents involved in the early negociation, their interests, as well as their conflicting and cooperanting relationship, the strategies to induce the decisions and the rules that had effect on the action to be made, including the relation among the Executive and Legislative powers, on the State and Federal scope. This study was conducted between the year 2001 e 2002 and followed the influence of the first State Conference of Health Surveilance related to the changes that turned the State Coordination Health Surveillance to Paraíba s State Health Surveillance Agency, besides all the Public Health problems in that age. In this context, we emphasize the discussion about the Health Surveillance and contemporary risk society, as well all the alternatives that could be possible to the State Coordination Health Surveillance to become a agency and meet the demands of the healthcare and economic scenario and political situation of the state. As a consequence, we report the technical and political ways that were followed in the institutional transformation, whose design will be defined by complex processes of negotiation and consensus. The research was funded in large documentary material and interviews with key actors, which allowed empirically unravel the power relations that in a short time, led to the creation of the Paraíba s State Health Surveillance Agency (AGEVISA-PB). As such, it constituted itself as a political-institutional improvement, the first steps toward the discussions and reflections on its implementation, that this work proposes to introduce.

After the development of new information and communication technologies in the twentieth century, new social and aesthetic phenomena emerged by the adaptation of cultural, political and economic elements reestablishment. The hacker s and their actions are an unfolding of this scenario and they are part of the computer underground. This study seeks to understand the influence of new information and communication technologies in social relations, the emergence of new subjects and elements of identification that are represented here by the hackers. Thus, it is necessary to make a theoretical discussion about the development of modernity and the post-modernity, considering post-industrial theory and following the relationship of science and technology in this discussion that turned to informational society. This implies to recognize the elements that form the cyberculture and counter activities and ideals of the hackers with aspects that show the instrumentation and information technology as a way to control knowledge and the dynamics of society today. Finally, we hope to identify through interviews that were conducted, the issues that structure the hacker s identity elements, their ideals, ethics and social practices.

Cette étude visait à chercher l'explication de l'apparition constante de redoublement et d'abandon des élèves de première année de la première année dans les écoles publiques situées dans des projets de logement dans la ville de João Pessoa - PB. Le sondage a été mené dans cinq écoles, à trois états et deux municipalités. Impliquez-24 enseignants, cent dix-huit élèves et leurs parents. La méthodologie utilisée (simple observation, des questionnaires et d'entretiens enregistrés) visant à vérifier, Loco, le niveau de l'apprentissage des élèves, la pratique pédagogique des enseignants dans le processus éducatif et de sa relation avec l'élève. Ensuite, nous avons essayé d'identifier parmi les enseignants, les élèves et leurs parents au moyen de questionnaires et d'entrevues, ouverts et fermés, leurs perceptions concernant l'abandon scolaire et de redoublement. L'analyse des éléments de données recueillis, reflète la façon dont la notion d'éducation comme pertinents pour que la société a reprendre, socialement, les personnes économiquement les plus défavorisés à l'époque que l'école n'a pas d'adapter ses programmes aux besoins, conditions et expériences de vie des étudiants. L'école propose un type d'enseignement qui renforce l'enfant, une estime de soi négative que ce qu'elle a, ce qu'il est, ce qu'elle ne peut pas avoir, car il est déjà échoué par leurs propres conditions d'existence social et historique.