RCAAP Repository

Tambaú area today highly valued the coast of João Pessoa - PB, until the early 1960s, was a residential area, inhabited by fishing communities and livestock breeding. In recent decades, Tambaú has undergone many changes, assuming an important commercial nature. This region has a very rich history in relation to popular culture, may also noted the realization of one of major festivities in the life of the ancient inhabitants of the region: the Festival of St. Peter (Festa de São Pedro), or, as is also called the Procession of St. Peter (Procissão de São Pedro), this work seeks to understand the process of organizing, conducting and processing of the Festival of St. Peter, focusing on the interaction of the various groups involved and, more specifically, watching how the relationships of class, status and prestige interfere with the organization and implementation of the festival. We used the method of participatory research, with records in the usual cultural contexts through handwritten notes, audio recorder and photos. Were also used informal conversations and interviews supported in theme routes. It was observed that the festival are configured in deep socio-cultural codes in geographic areas, comprised of the particularities of each social context, and they enable and consist of celebrations, but also by power relationships, including processes of approximation and detachment, inclusion and exclusion of individuals or social groups. In Tambaú, the festival organized by fishermen devotional also strengthens, rebuilds and takes collective biographical objects and places, beyond the bonds of family, friendship and knowledge re-constituted in spaces of work and celebration, at sea and on land.

La escalada de la violencia juvenil es algo aterrador que ha ocupado las páginas de los periódicos y noticieros de televisión, lo que provocó los debates académicos ypúblicos en la búsqueda constante de entender el fenómeno y las soluciones de punto.Por un lado, la violencia juvenil se debe a la impunidad, es decir, la legislación vigente no satisface las aspiraciones de la sociedad y la demanda de la legislatura para endurecer las leyes sobre la juventud en conflicto con la ley, especialmente los mayores de 16 años llegado a ser considerado como de pago. Para otros, el problema no es la falta de una legislación estricta, sino más bien, de las políticas públicas que sirven a familias pobres que sufren de falta de alimentos y la educación. Siguen apuntando a otros para formar una sociedad y que los delincuentes juveniles reflejan la gravedad del entorno en el que viven. De ahí la importancia de esta tesis, y como un lugar para estudiar la ciudad de Sousa, con una población de 65.749 (IBGE 2010), siendo eltercer municipio más grande en superficie (842 km ²) de Paraíba, donde se realizó la encuesta en el segundo la Niñez y la Juventud. Este estudio tuvo como objetivoinvestigar el camino seguido por los jóvenes en conflicto con la ley, la identificación delos tipos de delitos (violaciónes), las razones que le llevaron a cometer un delito, sisabían leer y escribir, la clase social, la recurrencia, el tipo de castigo, y que fueron las víctimas, El ámbito de entender y encontrar soluciones. Este estudio, descriptivo, la metodología utilizada cuantitativos fijados en el 2 º Juzgado de la Niñez y la Juventud del distrito de Sousa, 2000/2009. Entre los jóvenes en conflicto con la ley, fue elegidoun (diecisiete años) para ser entrevistado, en vista de su historia desde la edad de tres años.

La présence et l´autorité des femmes sont notoires dans les religions afro-brésiliennes, au regard des caracteristiques du rôle qu´elles jouent, et en comparaison à celui qui leur est destiné dans d´autres communautés religieuses. La participation effective des femmes s´effectue selon des règles et des doctrines différentes de la plupart des religions. L´intégration des adeptes se fait, notamment, à travers la pratique religieuse. Malgré leur grand nombre, les femmes occupent des positions inférieures à celles occupées par les hommes dans la plupart des congrégations religieuses. La direction, l´élaboration de normes, les prises de décisions ne sont pas accessibles aux femmes. Or, il semble que cette discrimination n´existe pas au sein des religions afro-brésiliennes, puisque les femmes ont accès à de hauts postes dans la hierarchie religieuse. A partir de la trajectoire et de l´histoire de vie d´une mae de santo du candomblé, nous évaluerons sa relation au pouvoir, ses représentations dans la communauté du terreiro , la répartition du travail religieux et l´insertion dans la société en général de par la religion. Il s´agit de la leader religieuse Mãe Renilda Bezerra de Albuquerque, du Terreiro Tata do Axé. Pour notre recherche, il nous a paru interessant d´étudier le terreiro dirigé par Mãe Renilda et de pénétrer l´univers de la vie de la mãe de santo et de ses filles. C´est que, le parcours de Mãe Renilda est marqué par son action em tant que leader , qui ne se limite pas à l´espace du terreiro , mais s´étend dans toute la communauté de Cruz das Armas, dans les fédérations religieuses, et même au delà, sur le terrain politique de la ville (em effet, elle s´est déjà portée candidate aux élections du conseil municipal et fait partie de la politique des partis locale) et dans les mouvements sociaux (Movimento Negro, mouvements GLBT, entre autres). Mãe Renilda, de par sa renomée, est l´une des principales représentantes des communautés religieuses afro-pessoenses. Notre étude s´intéresse à l´univers du terreiro de cette singulière femme qui attire notre attention, de par son éminence dans les différents domaines mentionés et du fait de sa religion, qui dépasse les limites de la religiosité pour contribuer de multiple manières à sa communauté et son environnement. Nous nous sommes proposés d´étudier les femmes comme actrices de leur vie sans négliger leur volonté de libération- et d´observer leurs mots et leurs actes, em étant attentifs aux mouvements qui caractérisent un changement culturel. Em général, les femmes tendent fortement à ne plus se définir par rapport aux hommes, ou à une fonction sociale ou psychologique qui leur serait attribuée. Mais cela ne signifie pas que tout soit résolu, les femmes subissent encore les discriminations d´une société inégalitaire où, principalement láccès aux fonctions de représentation politique demeure difficile. Toutefois, on perçoit que les femmes sont plus tournées sur elles-mêmes afin de s´affirmer comme sujet libre et responsable et non pas comme un produit de la masculine. Les femmes sont de plus em plus conscientes de leur importance. La nouveauté est que ce phénomène qui commence à se développer dans les terreiros pessoenses est lié au processus de changements et de transformations par lequel le candomblé est passé, à la recherche de valorisation et de légitimité.

Este trabajo busca analizar el significado de la relación entre los jóvenes y el movimiento de radios comunitarias, así como su consecuencia en el área de los valores constitutivos de las identidades sociales juveniles. Tiene como objetivo principal analizar la participación de los jóvenes en la organización de una radio comunitaria de la ciudad de João Pessoa. Para ello, observa las relaciones establecidas entre el trabajo cotidiano de la radio y del barrio, para que, de esa manera, si puedan identificar elementos que se articulan y actúan en la construcción de las identidades de los jóvenes.

The research tries to understand the way by which the electronic music culture is signified in the urban space of João Pessoa. This comprehension passes through the conformation of a festive setting circuit that, on a certain way reflects assumptions and significances of certain places of the urban space by the young people who affiliate to it. This culture with the youthful character of contemporaneity was gestated in England at the second half of the eighties and, in a short time, assumed an eminent transnational character, arriving to lead in the urban space of João Pessoa city at the end of the 90´s. At some measure, this young cultural practice has as a characteristic to fuse diversion with commercial activity, when it manifests itself at the city´s night leisure sphere through parties, bars and night clubs, and whose dynamics can be observed through social practices that youth, from them, develop in the urban and social environment. It´s appearance at the capital of Paraíba came linked to the electronic music genre and to the different themes that form it, which are very consumed and appreciated by society´s medium and high stratums. This way, this report pretends to emphasize social, cultural and behavioral practices that people build from dancing meetings that youthful culture itself makes in these urban and social contexts. The report was developed using ethnographic procedures, especially because the active observation offered a close and internal look of the investigated phenomenon, at the same time that tries to interlace three lines of reflection: the youthful culture, the social actors and the city.

This thesis is the result of an investigation about the secret‟ society of taggers and graffiti artists, in Campina Grande, State of Paraíba, Brazil. Trying to find the secret kept by the young people involved, our aim was to identify, describe, and analyze its organizational structure, its functioning, its relations, its rules and characteristics. In order to do so, we intercrossed three theoretical and methodological fields: Ethnography; Oral History, and Social Theory of Discourse (FAIRCLOUGH, 2001). The analytical corpus was built upon two verbs: to observe and to listen participative observation and life histories. We observed individuals. We listened to five of them three boys and two girls. We also observed texts and real and virtual contexts. Regarding their discourse about the secret‟ society, we observed linguistic extracts (written and oral texts from taggers and others from graffiti artists, and five narratives of their life histories), so that we could develop the analytical process. We sometimes inquired into texts available on online social networks such as Orkut, written by taggers and graffiti artists, as well as other linguistic events available on group or crew blogs and notes taken on field diary. Within the hierarchically divided and structurally organized space, in which the group plays the main role, individuals live symbolic and material experiences of sociability. They organize themselves, exercise control, set rules, lead, and fund a closed society, whose existence lies on the secrecy. From this society, they play, dispute, protest, negotiate, and claim the inclusion of their cultural practices in the urban contemporary cultural scene. The concept of experience (THOMPSON, 1981) was fundamental to our analysis. The results suggest that the taggers and graffiti artists see the secret‟ society as an identity locus which allows them to have a paradoxical anonymous visibility, once they do not have social projection in peripheries.

This research consists of a study about the process of changing in the alembic cachaça productive sector in Paraiba from the 90 s. From a drink that was historically considered as marginal to one that achieved great distinction in the country and in the new drink triers, the distilled drink from Paraíba suffered a concept changing which symbolically remade it, according to publicity and modernizing productive apparatus. The tradition destruction that used to collect the cachaça and put it in old wood containers and colonial mills, which were referred by José Lins do Rego, is part of the dynamic history of creating, in this perspective, a new tradition, a hybrid drink, made in mills, bottles, labels and brands, but still with old symbols, with the genuine and traditional mill image, which now receives different adjectives, as it became a touristic point, but that keeps memories and new quality cachaça producers. From the mills selection to the case study it was created an ethnografic investigation, from the everyday perception to the actions register that dynamize them. During the moonshine production, the mills create culture and identity place: the diferent drink triers of the cachaça from Paraíba, the typical cachaceiro (associated to the alcoholism and failure image), the paraibana cachaça of the interprising farm owner and that was open to changes that do not let the slavery past define his profile, that delineates, through the new social actors, a new sugar cane cycle in the country. This modernizing era is an illusion set of the cachaça, that attracts revelers with costumes related to Apollo, control and refinning in beautiful and small bottles that save the aphrodisiac liquid. In a growing market, according to the producers evaluation, the drinking desire or the desire to try the amalgam production and comsuption in a new aesthetic cachaça.

This research seeks to build theoretical reflection on the meaning and importance of the concepts of "individual" and "person" in the relational sociology of Roberto DaMatta. The fundamental question that guides the study says that these concepts are fundamental and recurring, not only for the explanatory model of the sociology of Roberto DaMatta, but also for the Brazilian social thought, forming with other concepts (paternalism, personalism, tradition and modernity) a basic system for the interpretation of Brazilian society. In this sense, we seek to outline the meanings of concepts in the relational sociology of Roberto DaMatta as key categories in the process of explanation and understanding of Brazilian society, analyzing the logic and semantics of the concepts and the difference with other sociological interpretations. In this process of reflection was necessary to analyze critical about the work of DaMatta, especially those made by Jessé Souza.

The managerial reform of the Brazilian state, implemented since 1995, has reinvigorated the discussion about the need for qualification of public bureaucracy so that the professional qualification of civil servants in all spheres of government, has been occupying a prominent position in the national and state politics. In summary, the argument was about the lack of qualification of the servers, that to made difficult the process of changing the government, because the reconfiguration of the state would need a well-trained staff, capable of undertaking the guidelines formulated by the reform. Amid the necessity for training of the existing bureaucracy and even training of new staff, the figure of the School of Government to stood out, institute generally responsible for train professionals for the public sector, in order to provide the improvement of government performance. Initially, the government schools were restricted to the federal government, but quickly were extended to the state. This research is devoted to analyze one of its state examples, the ESPEP (Escola do Serviço Público do Estado da Paraíba). The purpose is to present the School and reflect how it relates with the assumptions of management reform in Brazil

The research is based on the literary job of four authors: Lourdes Ramalho, Jessier Quirino, Bráulio Tavares e Astier Basílio, extracting of their texts what symbolizes the resizing of the popular poetic language and of the oral tradition wich are linked. Their texts talk about customs and traditions and also try to recreate the storyline of the popular imaginary of Northeast. Even wich the difference between the authors, is exactly what is repeated that surprises us by the force of language and the reworking of some typical traits. Among these traits that are repeated and worked, is that we perceive the construction of heroes out of the conventional patterns of epic composition. They are heroes that do not have any big realization to boast themselves, therefore they hold up the courage to offer their own blood in the name of revenge that is, above all, fictional. This mechanism of compensation is also presented at the symbolical intention of their creators, wich linked to some characteristic traits of a regionalist script, are also associated with other elements, concerning to their actuation as symbolical mediators. What is the base of the symbolical mediation is the life observation, the interested by the tradition, the desire to validate the poetic forms that were learned at the familiar nucleus. Although, placing the mediation in the broader context of transformation of social processes, it implicitly incorporates the desire to reframe the forms of cultural domination. The symbolical mediation is the clipping of a local phenomenon between theoretical and cultural boundaries, a fresh approach to a practice that is not so new like that.

The consumption of piracy in Brazil has grown rapidly, including this country being considered one of the largest consumer markets of counterfeit products in the world. At the same time, Brazil is also one of the top ten luxury markets in the world, producing a contradiction in relation to the luxury fashion products and piracy, arriving on shelves and the consumer's hands almost simultaneously. Some studies have been developed to understand the consumer behavior of piracy, as well as luxury, this relationship was little association. However, this dissertation is proposed to analyze the relationship of consumption of the more privileged classes, such as medium and high, between these two worlds, ie, the luxury fashion and piracy. It starts with the idea that there is a exchange in meaning between the use of piracy in the fashion and the desire to consume luxury legitimate, this disclosed in more detail and commitment to advertising and fast communications, driving the valuation of brands and pushing consumption to stratospheric levels. This survey, conducted in João Pessoa / PB, relied on a method of ethnographic qualitative research with two main data sources: interviews and observation, being the analysis model critical discursive. Were identified as the main motivations for the consumption of luxury fashion piracy the desire to insert themselves in a style of consumption barely accessible even to more economically favored classes, case of those interviewed, the search for beauty and distinction deceptively offered by piracy, since interviewed believed to be consumers of luxury genuine, and hedonism achieved by the experience of buying many items newly introduced in the market and the media for a price much lower to the legitimate, leading them to greater frequency of purchases at a lower cost.

This work tries to analyse the contemporary men's and women's hard effort joined in social ambivalence games. Cities are the place for excellence of tenseness and conflicts materialization created by the difficulty to live with the different as alterity. Despite the geographical, historic, economic and cultural singularity of the cities, on large or small scale, there is a visualization of the processes of socio-space segregation among individuals and social groups, enlarged and resignified through the mixture of old themes and structural problems with the new sensibility, fear and stigma emergency brought by capitalist modernity on its global phase. So, there is an attempt to understand the joint between global processes and local particularity relating to the tenseness and discomfort caused by the "myxophobia" to people from incongruous places with some kind of order and civility. The city of Belo Jardim was the analysis stage of these questions, namely, it interested me to investigate how the city s élite, in the name of an aesthetic and social conception, produces representations and practices of segregation and how this grows and affects the interval of a popular neighborhood. Finally, it deals with the analysis of urban gardening practices, the way the élite and established groups produce Belo Jardim's outcasts, those who are seen and considered as trashy. This research is theoretical and methodologically based on a historic and socioanthropological perspective.

This dissertation seeks to show the role of fisherwomen and seafood collectors among coastal communities in the area of the extractive reserve of Acaú-Goiana, located in the border of the States of Paraíba and Pernambuco. I analyse how women have entered the spheres of work and politics and show the importance of their actions for the social reproduction of their communities. Despite the increasing participation of women in the activities of fishing and gathering in mangroves and in the sea, fishing is still regarded as a typically masculine activity by many authors. A vision grounded in a bipolar model of perceiving the world, opposing sea-land, men and women, leaded to a non-perception of women as producers and agents and produced a myth of invisibility of women within the fishing universe. I argue that local gender relations are changing quickly, and women s activities are, now a days, very important in the household budget. The diminishing importance of superstitions and taboos related to women's condition is also an important cultural marker of this small, but meaningful change. The increasing participation of women in political and institutional instances also legitimizes such change in the role of women in fishing communities of the Goiana estuary. In fact, the fight for the conservation unit (Marine Extractive Reserve) is doubtless an action of local women, based on their Unions but also on interpersonal networks. The increasing number of women s Unions reflects the political context, specially the economic and social importance given by the Brazilian government to the artisanal fishermen and fisherwomen in the last years.

This work aims to understand the impact of new technologies incorporated in fishery production in Barra do Cunhaú and Baía Formosa in the northeastern Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Norte, from the standpoint of fishermen and members of their communities regarding the impact of social changes in the current context of modernization. In this study, I attempt to analyze "the way of life" through the qualitative method supported by ethnography, with reference to the social memory of the fishermen and their communities as well as their daily social practices in light of the social changes which have occured within the area of fishery production, and how these engender tensions and conflicts in relation to production and daily practices. These tensions can be attributed to urban restructuring due to the growth of tourism in the region and the incorporation of new technologies in the daily life of these coastal communities. From this standpoint, the transformation of the way of life peculiar to those in a process of modernization, affected the legitimacy of the social construct of honor connected with fishing. What stands out is the fragmentation of the fishing craft as a job, and as a result, the development of the current situation of social vulnerability caused by precarious working conditions which are in opposition to the development of the work technique whose interest is the pursuit of profit - economic rationality, a characteristic of modern urban industrial societies.

Shopping centers have developed during the decades after the advent of capitalism and became a process of modernity. Shopping does have become institutions of modernity aimed to exert a socializing role of the consumer society. We indicate how to carry out various elements of social control of the institution and the means by which customers perceive and re-do these places through the lens of social facade built by its visitors, as any institution, the shopping center has models of social control who aim to frame his actors to their deviant role model. These control methods typify how we should act and what to do in these places, and thus create three types of customers: customers in common, ranging between normal clientele that fills the spaces of the shopping center, seeking anonymity, customers "caroço", considered a problem for sellers who treat them with some kind of social stigma, often ignored by sellers or simply badly treated, and repeat customers, customers that are able to circumvent many of these control rules through a knowledge gained through the practice of living together in the shopping. We chose these constructs models to try to understand a phenomenon very different from that observed by the vision of consumption itself, with the shopping center as a space that goes beyond the practice of consumption itself, turning into pure spaces of sociability, through its transformation private space in public, as a new interpretation of the border with the shopping street. This border is not as clearly defined among customers of the shopping center and the citizens of the city. The shopping center becomes an extension of the street.

In this work one has the intention of discussing the relationship between the Modernity and the search for instituting the legitimate use of violence by State practices. Starting from the point of view according to that it is impossible the socially built reality in materializing the desire for order, welfare, progress and the general will ideal, one approaches the lynchings case and we light them as an example of the resilient, ryzomatic wish for power. Therefore, when we map different modern governability techniques we put into question the Uno Paradigm, trying to associate the recurrent relation between the desire of being uno and chaos. We also made a critic to the said scientific object invention and to the methodological corollary which wants to make us able to discover, analyze and present scientific results. Analyzing press mass media in Paraíba, from 2001 until 2010, we found out 34 lynching cases. We observed that there is an ideal type of victim , who is a man between 20 and 40 years old, sexual offender or robbery or traffic accident impetrator. Lynchings happen when there are crimes against persons or properties and seldom are they punished. Lynchings point out to a relationship among Religion, State and Society, and they show that we lynch life considered impure and that they have the social function of avoiding increasing violence.

In health, the creation of forums as Health Councils and the effect of the decentralization process emphasized by the Constitution of 1988, resulted in higher powers and the increasing importance of the public sphere of municipal administration. However, the participation of Councillors in the process of decision making has been identified as one of the challenging aspects in the work of these committees, because of limitations imposed by the powers of representation. The research is focused on understanding of this process, with emphasis on analyzes of the Municipal Health Council of João Pessoa (CMS/JP), more specifically, with regard to decision making and their effectiveness discussed. To this end, several analyzes were performed starting from a study of qualitative and quantitative, by using the linking of data from three basic elements in this study: information obtained from observations on the CMS / JP, texts of the Acts of the CMS/JP and texts drawn from interviews with some of the Municipal Board of Health/JP-CP. Under the quantitative approach, tables were compiled, whose goal was to obtain, among other data related to the issue of quorum at meetings of the CMS/JP, that is related to the presence / absence of Councillors representatives of the segments in that council. Once extracted, the data were tabulated from the use of measures of central tendency: mean, median, aiming to analyze the participation of the numerical representation for each segment in the meetings of the CMS/JP-CP. As the study indicates, the CMS/JP has acted in a much more purposeful than deliberative, ie, note that this collegiate has presented great difficulties for the performance of its deliberative character, with little expression of some debates in the field where the participation does not always result in significant decision-making influence in the deliberations of the municipal public health policies, focusing on very fragile deliberative.

This work intends to analyze the contradiction between new educational paradigms and disciplining on the military police trainning in Paraiba. Its hypothesis is that the humanizing discourse used during the socialization of new policial officers actually hide a control and surveillance process as a new power strategy. The relation between discipline and power is analyzed through an historical analysis of the implementation of human Rights courses on the police training center. In this way, aiming to create a new image for itself, Military Police in Paraiba developed a citizenship based discourse about its practices through a new curriculum and courses, mosaics and panels displaing its ideals around the headquarter. This research shows empirically how supposedly humanists new knowledges and discourses employed by military police is actually pait of a new control mechanisms used to develop social order. The research tries to clarity why and how Human Rights teaching actually develop forms of resistance among new officers and the belief that it is only an instrument to protect criminals. Our hypothesis is that the very teaching process of Human Rights on the training center, due to its military and disciplining roots, avoids an understanding of the its necessity.

The objective of this work is to interpret the performance of José Américo de Almeida from a sociological viewpoint, in a context which comprises the period between the years 1920 and 1960. This period was marked by the modernization of industry, political and artistic transformations, and the shaping of Brazilian social thought. We have sought to highlight aspects of the writer s intellectual trajectory which signify contributions to the Social Sciences, expressed both through his writings and actions in the literary, political and scientific fields. The discussion has originated in the dialogue struck up between the interpreters of the National in the process of the institutionalization of Social Sciences in Brazil, and the intellectual from Paraíba, and involves the analysis of his works, including scientific texts, novels, autobiography, speeches, interviews, memoirs and letters, dealing with themes related to a modern, democratic Brazil where there is a mixture of races. The conclusion was reached that the contribution of José Américo towards the shaping of Brazilian social thought , in the scientific field, lies in his proposal of an anthrosociology, which defends positivities (creativity, resistance and diversity)in the mixed-race national identity, and its disassociation from social and economic backwardness. The lack of development is understood by him as the effect of the lack of a democratization of power and capital. This inspired his disclosure and social criticism in the novels, which have become his innovative contribution to the literary field In the political field his contribution is his idea of democracy. The theoretical and methodological foundation on which the present work is based is the theory of reflexivity of Pierre Bourdieu, highlighting the concepts of Field and Habitus. This research belongs to the ambit of studies of intellectual trajectories, more specifically, in the field of Brazilian social thought.

This thesis discusses Pedro Almodóvar s idea of cinema as a producer of new meanings and discursive practices concerning the identities, gender and sexuality. The objective is to reformulate old normative concepts about the biological conditions of the body as decisive factors directly associated to gender and sexuality, as well as its non-historical, permanent and immutable condition that influenced the modern discourses. From the theory of Queer and the theory of performance it was opened a proper space to visualize and debate the brand-new identity patterns that involve new interpretations of gender and sexuality in a continuous and complex way, the criticism on hegemonic, monolithic, naturalizing and essential identities. The queer identities redefine the social natural patterns and their normalizing processes in the constitution of the subject, proposing an understanding of the analysis that aims to question the natural concepts about gender and indicate that the gender in itself is a result of such discussions. The idea of cinema developed by Pedro Almodóvar intends to call attention to the subversion of such identities and the creative process that visualizes these mutable subjectivities, the introspective new technologies and the building of contemporary materialities and desires.