RCAAP Repository

The thesis studies, in three chapters, on the provision of public goods in municipalities. The first chapter puts in competition two alternative specifications, one on the demand side and another on the supply side, to a set of 5285 municipalities data for 2010 in order to test the hypothesis that the relevance of the models that explain the behavior local government spending can depend on the size of the population of the jurisdictions. The econometric methodology uses a combination of Test J proposed by Davidson and MacKinnon (1981), with the threshold suggested by Hansen (2000), as a data screening method to test whether the response of local governments to their constituents is stable between small and large municipalities. Results show that the median voter model applies to smaller cities, with great population size ranging between 13604 and 13661 inhabitants, depending on the congestion function used. Nevertheless, it rejected in 2293 municipalities, for which the model-oriented supply fits better. In the second chapter, these alternative models of determination of public provision in order to measure the impact of the size of cities on the quality of public services applies - via analysis of advertising and rivalry of goods - in 5268 Brazilian municipalities based on the Theory of Clubs. For both models, the results point to the existence of spatial correlation between municipalities, suggesting that spending patterns in a given locality influence on the fiscal decisions of neighbors. Proves the hypothesis that the size of the clubs, and the cost of utilities differentiate the results of the provision of action, supporting the literature on the subject which argues that in smaller jurisdictions proximity of voters with its public officials exerts more pressure and control over their political acts, and that aggregate individual preferences have less heterogeneity and can represent the community as a whole. This result yields a larger congestion effect to the larger cities, which goes against the international literature. Finally, using a set of data that make up Brazilian localities Public Consortia Inter-municipal public services, the third chapter aims to establish empirical evidence for a phenomenon called by Oates (1988) as "zoo-effect." According to this effect, the lowest level of expenditure in smaller towns should not be explained by the smaller clusters, but simply by the fact that certain categories of spending - like a zoo - they need a minimum population size to be provided. Thus, the positive relationship between population size and local spending on public services does not take into account the fact that in the most populous cities, the basket of services offered is broader and more diverse, and for this reason, estimates of existing congestion tend to be overestimated. By spatial statistics confirmed the hypothesis of the zoo effect on municipalities, and that the more diversified the range of services expands the range of services in neighboring areas, which explains the interaction between the municipalities as a way to get better and higher level of public services to its citizens. Evidence shows that the intensity of the effect depends on the urban-rural gradient, with the biggest phenomenon in urban areas due to more substantial economies of scale in these locations.

The overall objective of this dissertation is to analyze the determinants of crime in cities in Paraíba between the years 2011 and 2013. This analysis is based on the theoretical work of Becker (1968). Therefore, it is considered the agent as optimizer of its shares and, therefore, can make rational decisions between crime and no crime throughout life. Crime data were provided by the Department of Security and Social Defense of Paraíba State, while the rest were from the IBGE Census (2010). Initially, we note that in the last decade crime rates that have affected the state of Paraiba were materially higher than those observed in the Northeast and Brazil. It is found based on descriptive statistics data that criminals follow certain pattern of action with respect to the day of the event, and more shift used in arms offenses. In addition, the data were able to demonstrate characteristics of victims, for example, the age and gender most affected. The results were sufficient to identify ten concentrations crimes in state between the years 2011 and 2013. Note , for example, crime is concentrated in a group of cities that are repeated throughout the years , however , They show changes in order that they appear. He built up an analysis of the penitentiary system in recent years Paraiba , considering , therefore, jail time and the age of convicts . Finally, the spatial analysis of the data was performed . It performed the Exploratory Analysis of Spatial Data ( ESDA ) in order to describe and visualize spatial distributions through the Global Moran statistics and Local ( LISA) . Such procedure aims to test the existence of spatial dependence in the average rate of crime that affects the cities in Paraíba between 2011 and 2013. The results of the estimated models suggest the presence of spatial dependence in the data. Thus, this result makes it impossible to use the MCRL . So he went to the estimation of global spatial models : SAR , SEM and SAC . However , statistical considerations suggest that the best form of treatment is found spatial dependence on SAR specification. In this context , it was noted that all the independent variables used in the model ( degree of urbanization , urban population density , religious density , GDP density , concentration index of Gini income and HDI ) proved significant in explaining the problem of crime Paraiba recent years.

Geography has always been present since the first schools established in Brazil, however it‟s history as school knowledge still little known, even if that issue is taking place nowadays. Aiming contribute to the research in the history of scholar geography, this work intends to highlight elements that allow us to think about the constitution process of the discipline in the Brazilian school context, between the 1870‟s and 1910‟s. Therefore, our analyzes were directed to Geography textbooks and to the persons responsible to elaborate such works, focusing on the authors. As a theoretical-methodological perspective, we rely on the history of school subjects, besides resorting to important representative elements of the field of school culture, of the social history and of the history of the book, among other contributions. The temporal context portrayed in this study includes important changes in various sectors of brazilian society, gaining centrality the republican and nationalist ideas. In the educational sector, it becomes clear an expansion of schooling, particularly in primary schools, covering various parts of the country, culminating in increased production of textbooks. Our survey on the Geography textbooks expressed a fertility of production, resulting in a total of 186 books, written by 134 authors, including works for regional geography. The books for use in schools in general comprise 134 titles, demonstrating a greater number of publications aimed at secondary school, instead of primary education. In reference to the works of regional geography, we cataloged a total of 52 books. In this case, considering the two levels of education mentioned, we observed a greater expressiveness for primary education. As for the number of authors, we have identified a heterogeneity of subjects coming from different provinces / states, with different backgrounds and performances. The highlights were the authors who performed the activity of teaching and those related to scientific and cultural institutions of the period, for example, those from the IHG.

Concerning the transition from school to work, there is in the country a marked number of young people outside the labor market and educational system, called generation "nem-nem". Because of that, this dissertation aims to investigate from two independent trials this population subgroup, considering the age range 18-25 years using as a data source PNAD (Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios). The first test aims to determine the main determinants of the condition "nem-nem" in Brazil, in the period between 2002 and 2012, except for 2010 (year of the Censo). To this end, the Logistic model will be applied, considering the complex sample design of the PNAD. The estimation results indicated that having another young "nem-nem" with same age in the family tends to increase by more than 2/5 the probability of the young be provided "nem-nem". Besides the variables of family background and education of the young were crucial in determining the group "nem-nem", reinforcing the idea that a favorable family environment is key to reducing the rates of employment and educational inactivity among young people. Another interesting result is related to the number of retired elderly in the family, little explored in other current research observed in the area. It is observed that the biggest holding of retired elderly within the family tends to increase the likelihood of young to be simultaneously outside the labor market as well as the school system. The second test, in turn, is proposed empirically analyze the main determinants of the condition "nem-nem" in Brazil (here represented by an indicator called juvenile exclusion rate) differential considering the sex, emphasizing the influence of the effect of social context in determining the occupational status of the young. For this, it uses an innovative way Multilevel Logistic methodological framework for 2002 and 2012, incorporating the hierarchical nature of the data at individual and aggregate. The main results indicated the importance of the social environment in determining the condition "nem-nem" in the country in order to evaluate the degree of extent of influence between environments, verified by the value of the coefficient of intra-class correlation (ICC), which although reduced It should not be disregarded. Last year, the value found in the ICC blank template for men and women in due order corresponds to 0,0184 and 0,0571 indicating that 1,84% and 5,71% of the variance in youth exclusion rate can be attributed for the environment. It is inferred that for men contextual variables were important in determining the condition "nem-nem", represented by the variable Index Gini and Total "nem-nem", both with positive effects. For women, the results showed that the condition "nem-nem" is directly related to family income, education and presence of children in the family. Thus, this study reinforces the importance of clear and visible youth develop consistent policies, which can be enhanced through investments to crèches and generating higher employment and income for the Brazilian population.

This study proposes a research on classical theory of equal opportunities. The expression information related to educational opportunities and income. For this purpose, are used four different databases associated with some empirical strategies. Thus, this study was divided into three stages: i) in the first, it appears the intergenerational transmission level of education in several economies. In addition, measures to indirect influence of environmental factors on individual effort expended. Moreover, clears up what the effect of a socio-economic growth in the test result; ii) in the second stage, we highlight the role of social and economic characteristics in educational performance. In particular, it appears the indirect influence of parental education on individual results. And finally, in the last step, it investigates the option called luck has deterministic influence on individual results. The results show different patterns of intergenerational transmission of education. In short, shall discharge to low levels of educational transmission in South American countries. On the other hand, there is a significant effect of the circumstances of the individual employee effort and a strong involvement of social and economic characteristics in educational performance. Finally, there was a substantial portion of luck option in determining the income, but also an important contribution of unobservable characteristics in individual economic results.

This work is focused on the transformations undergone by the Spanish economy over the second half of the twentieth century and the first decade of this century, there included the 2008 crisis is analyzed as the process of economic integration of Spain, which had as dynamic pole of the real estate development impacted on the level of employment and income. Highlight the consequences that such a model resulted on the competitive dynamics of the country, causing greater vulnerability to economic crises. The paper points out that the construction industry spent over decades, as the sector that received government incentives since the period of Franco's dictatorship to the great crisis of 2008 In addition to these facts, it highlighted the importance of the financial sector served to deepen this model of development, to promote conditions conducive to the acquisition of homes by households, creating an innovative process that enabled converting the appreciation of property prices in liquidity for consumption. To enhance the level of employment was associated with the performance of the construction sector, an econometric estimation was carried out to verify this behavior for the period 1996 to 2012 The analysis is grounded in keynesian minskyana and theoretical approach.

The use of wind as a means for electricity generation around the world has contributed to increase the installed power generation capacity, providing greater supply safety and security to meet new consumption demands. Added to this, another contribution of the use of wind energy is the reduction of environmental damage resulting from the consumption of energy generated by non-renewable sources and pollutants, such as oil and coal. The available wind power generation potential in Brazil is more than 143 GW, however only 2.11 GW are currently utilized, corresponding to only 1.47% of the available potential. This thesis aims to clarify the reason of a so little use, identifying the main factors which contribute to the low utilization of the wind power potential in Brazil. For this purpose, used the fundamentals of the Grounded Theory method based on a literature review of the available wind power potential, its recent developments, expansion regulatory policies, costs analysis confronting all these same dimensions mith expert opinions collected by a questionnaire. Even with an immense available potential, one can conclude that the Brazilian electric sector management presents a series of factors such as regulatory barriers, little technology knowledge, poor supply chain management, environmental licensing barriers, which hinder the widespread use of wind power in Brazil.

In Brazil, sanitary conditions experienced by population are admittedly deficient in most of the country. This situation favors the continuity of a reality that involves dissemination of endemic diseases, making the state spends resources on medical care that could be used in disease prevention. In contrast, the society seeks, by its own means, to minimize the social and environmental problems through social practices of strategic use of resources of the territory. However, in some cases, these practices may be ineffective, or even harmful to individual and collective health. Thus, this study aimed to establish a relationship between sanitation, social practices and health, analyzing sanitation infrastructure, with emphasis on sanitary sewage and water supply; sanitary social practices within local social and environmental conditions; and incidence of endemic diseases in the population. For this, as study area four neighborhoods of the municipality of Abreu e Lima (Caetés III, Centro, Fosfato e Planalto), located in the Metropolitan Region of Recife, were used. Besides the intra-urban socio-spatial differences, the study also sought to grasp reality through fieldwork involving questionnaires. Thereby, in possession of these and other data, derived from responsible official bodies, an analysis of the presented situation was carried out, in order to examine how determinants can be these social practices to health of population in face of their environmental conditions. After crossing of this information, poor sanitation infrastructure situation in the municipality could be observed, where the main problems lie in the intermittency of water supply and the absence of a sanitary sewage system in most of municipality. It was also found that, in an attempt to remedy these problems, population acquires specific sanitary practices, such as water storage and construction of rudimentary tanks. Furthermore, even in the neighborhoods where these practices and sanitation infrastructure were considered more appropriate, there was a higher rate of dissemination of waterborne diseases. Therefore, it might be inferred the environment-health-sanitation triad establishes complex relationships that do not obey an immutable logic and, thus, each area gives its particularity, and may have different realities.

This research examines the history of mathematical models that deal with resource allocation problems involving mass moving – specifically earth moving in construction of highways - which involves analysis of the evolution of models used for solving this type of problem - its applicability, advantages and disadvantages. The historical analysis of the models generates the foundation for creating a new model that includes two pertinent aspects of daily life of Brazilian companies involved in road construction: time and obstacle. Then, the new formulation is applied in a real life situation, seeking to measure its effectiveness and representativeness; for this purpose, a computational algorithm of the model is created and then used in VBA in order to facilitate the applicability of the model to both scholars of this field as to entrepreneurs and engineers who deal with the problem of mass moving in their daily professional activities.

In Brazil, currently the education sector has been undergoing transformations involving from curriculum reform to implementation assessments at the national level to identify the hot spots of high school. This work aims to analyze the teaching process learning in Geography in high school, with the empirical basis of the analysis state schools Calpurnia Caldas de Amorim and Educational Center José Augusto, and private Diocesan College Seridoense and Integrated Educational Center Seridó, both located in the city of Caicó, State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The issue that aroused the interest in research is anchored in the poor performance of students in the discourse of vestibular tests in UFRN, and the time frame the period between 2002 and 2012. In terms of methodology, the research was based on bibliographic research, documentary, interview written with the Geography teachers of educational institutions, as well as visits at different times to those schools. The results indicate that the teaching staff is made up of graduates in Geography, all with over 20 years of experience in the class room and experts. In addition, it was found that there is virtually no planning, teachers just follow the contents proposed in the textbook or the guidelines of education systems. Another item that deserves to be highlighted concerns the evaluation instruments, because while it predominate objective assessments in schools, vestibular students were also subjected to essay questions, and these mostly developed in context and with different languages. Therefore, not diversification of these instruments in schools may have contributed over the years so that students were able to unsatisfactory results.

The present paper has as a goal a social environmental diagnosis at São Luís ZEIS, a Social Interest Particular Zone, situated at Bessa neighborhood in João Pessoa, PB. These Particular Zones correspond to a new legal capability, rose in Brazil of the 80's because of the increased popular pressure which claimed for housing as well as an attempt to foment the programs of urban reform established by the 1988 constitution. Under a view of sustainability as well as the environmental perception, the research took direction towards the construction of basis and possibilities which can lead to a implementation of public policies that prioritize environmental quality improvements and then the human being's way of life and welfare. It was chosen the sustainability panel method to compound the indicators of the community studied, coupling the local residents attitudinal aspects and features through measurement of their inserts in the New Ecological Paradigm (NEP).

The main objetive of this work is to develop a methodology for the implementation of lean manufacturing in hospital operations. For this purpose, it was initially performed an analysis of the relevant literature on the topics: lean manufacturing, hospital operations and lean services (focusing on health care services). Based on the literature, some categories of lean health were identified. The research is classified as qualitative, applied and exploratory, and was conducted through multiple case studies in three hospital operations in São Paulo state. Based on the literature and case studies, it was possible to suggest guidelines for the application of the lean techniques, organizing them in order to compose the proposed methodology for the implementation of the lean in hospital operations. First the methodology consisted of two phases: (I) initiatives to implement the lean; (II) the implementation of the lean techniques and the development of lean culture. After it was submitted to the experts' analysis on the subject (researchers, consultants and hospital management) with two goals: to be refined, or improved, based on the suggestions of the experts. The experts evaluated the methodology based on Platts’s (1993) criteria: feasibility, usability and utility. After the refinement and avaliation of the experts, the final proposal remained with the two phases, however, some suggestions were made and were considered to the upgrading of the methodology. The final methodology showed predominatly modifications in the second phase and considered the following aspects: the support of the senior management, the training of a team to manage the improvement projects, the empowerment of the improvement teams, the development of leaders in the lean technique, the binding of the implementation of the lean to the strategic planning, the performance of the improvement projects, as well as the management of all projects through the PDCA, a training program to the employees, the application of the kaizen events; the application of the Ishikawa diagram to identify the root cause of the losses and the development of appropriate performance indicators. The experts considered that the methodology: can be followed, can be easily followed and provide a useful step in the lean implementation on the operations health.

Several institutions have issued alerts about the rise in global temperature in the past few years, and on its tendency to keep rising in the future. This temperature rise has been associated to human deaths, some of which related to cardiovascular dysfunctions, and to loss of physical and cognitive performance on humans. Purpose: To analyze the relation between cardiovascular parameters (blood pressure and heart rate) and cognitive performance of students submitted to changes of temperature in classrooms. Methods: The university students answered the survey adapted of Battery of Reasoning Tests (BPR-5) during three consecutive days in different temperatures, while thermal conditions and heart rate were measured. In these days, the blood pressure and the heart rate were evaluated before and after the test. Results: The blood pressure did not alter with different temperatures during cognitive activity. However, the average heart rate and the final increased at high temperatures. The accuracy of cognitive performance was not altered with changes of temperature, on the other hand, the execution time reduced at high temperatures. Using the analyzes by Generalized Linear Models, it was observed that the accuracy on cognitive test was related to mean blood pressure at the beginning of the test, the maximum heart rate during the test and the air temperature. Conclusion: This research concluded that accuracy in cognitive performance rises from 70% to 75%.when the students are submitted to temperatures which them consider neutral and maximum heart rate and mean blood pressure are compatible with activity.

The motorcycle patrol activity of the military Police is held in various environmental conditions with situations that cause discomfort and impair safety. The presence of occupational noise comes from sources such as urban traffic, the radio communicator, sirens, motorcycle and environmental noise, which added throughout the work day can cause the occurrence of hearing problems and induced hearing loss by noise. Thus, this work presents an investigation into how exposure to occupational noise of patrol activity affects the auditory system of motorcycle police officers during patrol activity. This case study was approved by the UFPB’s ethics committee in research. The data collection for this research was conducted in three stages: selection of police and application of occupational history questionnaires, audiometry and noise dosimetry according to ISO 9612:2009 recommendations. The study gathered 46 military police more than three years of service in motorcycle patrol activity and, no hearing aids history. The level of occupational noise is higher than the regulatory limits and the daily dose exceeds 400%. Hearing complaint was identified in 50% of police officers and more than 30% have hearing loss due to noise. The risk of aggravating these cases of hearing loss and the development of new cases is higher than 50% for these policemen with increased service life. Through these results, it is possible to suggest that exposure to occupational noise of motorcycle patrol activity can affect the auditory system of the military police, increasing the risk of hearing loss.

In Brazil, the Collective Urban Transport (TCU) is a public utility service is central to the economic, political and social development of cities. The promotion of health and safety (OHS) has been commitment of the government, which seeks to improve the environment and working conditions in the different sectors organizations. Public policy on OSH are considered means to encourage organizations to invest in risk prevention. One of these policies is the establishment of OHS requirements for public bids. In this dissertation, we seek to provide OSH items to be inserted into the bidding process for granting TCU service by bus from João Pessoa-PB. They were carried out interviews and document analysis to know the bidding process with a view to aspects of OSH. He was interviewed the management of one of the concessionaires to know the process of providing TCU service and applied a checklist to check the health and safety of workers. A literature review was conducted to identify items that can be inserted in the bidding process and contracts for the promotion of health and safety at work. It was found that in the bidding process there are no references to adopt technical standards of health and safety at work. In the company, it was noted that the focus of management is in fulfillment of what is established in the concession contract. As for the SST, it was noticed that there are failures in compliance with the rules of the Ministry of Labor and Employment (MTE). In the survey of incentives for OSH, they were found several mechanisms that could be inserted in the bidding process. Among them, there is the inclusion of safety standards items to be observed and the management system deployment OSH in organizations. It was concluded that the adoption of a public policy that encourages the promotion of health and safety by establishing OHS requirements for public procurement could result in a good performance by organizations, therefore, considering that the management of an organization that provides the public service is focused on meeting the determinations imposed in the bidding and contract, if there OHS requirements for public tenders, organizations would provide a healthy and safe environment for their workers.

Over the past decades, alternative views to the traditional approach of occupational accidents have emerged, fact that expands the perimeter of analyzes and paves the way to questioning about the assumptions concerning concepts of security in the work environment. Therefore, this study aims to describe the relationship of risk factors and unsafe behavior in the constitution of incidents and accidents at work, during the period of 2012-2014 in the production sector of a food factory in the state of Paraíba. The obtained results, by means of mathematical modeling based on Multiple Linear Regression Models, showed that occupational accidents and incidents are explained by a coefficient of determination of 63,55%, by the risk factors and the unsafe behaviors caused by workers. However, when analyzing the correlation between unsafe behaviors due to the risk factors, it was obtained a coefficient of determination of 38% characterized as a low correlation among the observed variables; such fact is enhanced by the perception of workers, analyzed by Hypothesis Test for Proportion with α = 5% (significance level), which identified that only two risk factors – environment temperature and discomfort when using Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) – have a strong association with the unsafe behaviors of removing the arms protectors, gloves and face shield during operational activities. In spite of that, it was found that there is a strong association between these two risk factors, which allowed significant conclusions.

The search for mild conditions for users of buildings not air-conditioned, especially residential is of paramount importance in hot and humid regions. Climatic factors represent major influence on environmental projects built for getting the comfort of its occupants and efficiency in energy consumption. The research is meant to examine the parameters of thermal comfort in affordable housing a set in Singapore and the relationship of each of the comfort indices PMV and PPD, this because the thermal conditions under which the inhabitants are subjected may exercise great influence on their behavior, reactions and health. The research is descriptive, with a quantitative and qualitative approach, using data collected inside the residence, based on the ISO 7730/2005, to analyze the environment by means of statistical techniques and computational resources. The housing Anayde Beiriz, chosen for study, is situated in the neighborhood of Industries in the city of João Pessoa / Paraíba. The assessed apartments have different orientations according to their location on the ground; addition to situate on the last floor and the ends of each block. The sample consisted of 19 apartments of which data were collected from 8h to 17h in the days selected using the equipment called, Heat Stress Meter (TGD 300). With the data a statistical analysis was performed to identify which parameters have most influence on thermal comfort those affordable housing. The results showed the thermal behavior within the evaluated units that resulted in high temperatures analyzed in the winter and summer periods. It was concluded that the personal and climatic variables, involving the parameters of thermal comfort, have correlation with the wind chill into the housing having high correlation to air temperature and low correlation thermal resistance of clothing. All units showed thermal discomfort with the PMV values above 0.5, ranking environments as slightly warm or hot in most of the evaluated times, with the PPD index greater than 10% in both periods studied. - Winter and Summer Yet in the winter for a few hours of the morning period showed sensation of thermal comfort, with the lowest PPD index or equal to 10%, with a tendency that feeling also occur at night.

In spite the social and economic importance of citrus on tablelands ecossistem in Northeasten Brazil, specially in Sergipe and Bahia States, the citrus yield is yet very lowone box of 40,8 kg per tree. Among the restrictive factors to the business of Sergipe citrus area, the second most important in Brazil, are outstanding those related to physical and chemical characteristics of the tableland soils – high acidity, low natural fertility and mainly the coercion layers located near by the soil surface. These pedogenetic layers are typical in tableland soils and cause noticeable limitation to soil water and to root system of trees. Doing interrow tillages based in intensive utilization of agricultural machines chiefly harrows, the growers of that region give contribution to increase negative effects of handsettings, resulting in modification in the physical and hydric soil qualities, impairing its fertility and then the grove productivity. The aim of this study was the evaluate hydric and physic properties of the soil under different tillage systems in the interrows to control weeds. The treatments were as follow: 1) Subsoiling and harrowing all over the year; 2) No subsbsoiling and harrowing all over the year. 3) Mowing in the rainy season (From April to September) and harrowing in the dry season (October to March) with subsoiling. 4) Mowing in rainy season and harrowing in the dry one without subsoiling; 5) Intercropping of jackbean (Canavalia ensiformis D.C.) in the rainy season and harrowing in the dry one with subsoiling; .6) Intercropping of jackbean in rainy season and harrowing in dry one without subsoiling. The experiment design was a split-plot randomized block with the treatments as plots and subsoiling depth as subplots. The assay was set for in field early in 1994 in a citrus orchard (Pera orange Citrus sinensis, Osbeck on ‘Rangpure’ lime C. limonia, Osbeck.) and the physical soil properties were assessed in 2003. By the result it was concluded that the tillage systems green cover, mowing and subsoiling alone or associated with Canavalia ensiformes, D.C.- promoted important beneficial modification in the physical and hydric attributes evaluated. It was observed that 80% of the roots were at 0-30 cm in deph and 63% were at 20 cm.The lateral root distribution was 80% corresponding at plant canopy. The combination C. ensiformis and subsoiling tended to result longer and deeper in depth citrus roots.

Brazil is one of the three main pineapple producers in the world, being the state of Paraíba, especially, considered as the first of them. The area cultivated has slightly increased due to the small offer of good quality seedlings. This work aimed to develop a cv. EMEPA 1 micropropagation protocol especially selected to be cultivated in the state of Paraíba. The cv. EMEPA 1 axillary gems used were disinfested and inoculated in half MS solid with 5,8 pH. There was incubation in a growth room with temperature of 25 ± 5oC and photoperiod of 16 hours/light at a luminous intensity of 30 pmol.m-2.s-1, except for the etiolation phase, held at B.O.D, with no light and temperature of 28 ± 1oC. The cv. EMEPA 1 micropropagation protocol was developed according to the existing literature, comprising the following phases: treatment and isolation of explants (TI); establishing of explants (EE); etiolation (ES); regeneration (RE); multiplication (MU); extent; rooting ®; acclimatization (AC). A completely randomized design (CRD) was used in all the phases as follows: TI – CRD with 4 x 4 factorial array (4 concentrations of sodium hypochlorite x 4 exposition times to sodium hypochlorite), with 10 repetitions containing 1 explant per bottle; EE – DIC with 6 treatments comprised of 10 repetitions containing 1 explant per bottle; ES – CRD with 4 treatments, comprised of 10 repetitions containing 1 defoliated plantule per test tube; RE – DIC with 4 treatments, comprised of 10 repetitions containing 1 etiolated sprout per Petri’s plaque; MU – CRD with 8 treatments, comprised of 10 repetitions containing 1 explant per bottle; AL – CRD with 4 treatments comprised of 10 repetitions containing 1 plantule per bottle; and AC – CRD with 11 treatments, comprised of 4 repetitions containing 5 plants each. It was concluded that the concentration of 2% of sodium hypochlorite for 10 minutes causes gems disinfestation and the establishment can be carried out by means of tillage without any growth regulators. The etiolation can be achieved in MS with 1,86 mg.L-1 of ANA and regeneration in MS with 1,8mg.L-1 of ANA + 2,0 mg.L-1 of BAP. For the multiplication, the type of tillage indicated is MS supplemented with 2,0 mg.L-1 of BAP + 0,5 mg.L-1 of ANA.; in extent, the type of crop MS without any dilution causes the highest growth of plantules, whereas the addition of ANA prompts increase in number and decrease of plantules root size and the organic compound favors increase and development of pineapple plantules produced in vitro during the acclimatizing phase.

The conservation of germplasm of oleaginous species of the cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and the castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) it is of great importance to guarantee the readiness of the resources genetic vegetables for the improvement. The cryoopreservation is seen as great alternative for conservation long term of the resources genetic vegetables. To present research it was developed in the National Center of Research of the Cotton (CNPA) of the Brazilian Company of Agricultural Research (EMBRAPA), Laboratory of Biotechnology, in Campina Grande, PB, with the objective of evaluating cryopreservation protocols for the cotton and the castor bean culture. Cotton seeds were used of the you cvs. BRS 200 and BRS 201 and of the castor bean seeds of the cvs. BRS 188 - Paraguaçu and BRS 149 - Nordestina for the obtaining of your embryonic axes and of the plantlets for the excision of the explants (shoot apices and nod cotiledonare). Among the cryopreservation techniques, they were appraised protocols of vitrification and encapsulation-dehydration for cotton explants and desiccation of embryonic axes of the cotton and of the castor bean culture. In the vitrification, the DMSO was used (0; 5; 10; and 15%) and/or sucrose (0; 0,1; 0,25 and 0,5 M) in the preculture of the explants for 48 hours. In the encapsulation-dehydration, explants were submitted or not to the preculture for 24 hours MS liquid medium supplemented with 0,3 M of sucrose and dived in the encapsulation solution, containing 3% of Na-alginate, forming a bead that involved the explant, which were maintened by 12 hours in MS liquid medium with 0,75 M of sucrose, on a rotary shaker at 130 rpm. The beads containing the explants was submitted to the desiccation by 0; 3; 6 and 9 hours in the flow camera to laminate, with subsequent determination of the content of water. In the procedure of desiccation of the embryonic axes, cotton and castor bean seeds they were submitted the imbibition in water for 24 hours for subsequent extraction of the embryonic axes in the flow camera to laminate, where axes stayed desiccation for 0; 30; 60 and 90 minutes after extraction, with subsequent determination of the content of water. In all experiments the explants they were them placed in cryotubes and directly plunged into liquid nitrogen (-196°C), during 0; 5; 30 and 60 days. At the end of each period, the thawing of the explants was accomplished fast (38±2°C for 1-2 min) and slowly (25±2°C for 60 min) and then cultured in vitro for four weeks, moment in that took place them analysis of viability of the cotton explants and embryonic axes of both species. The desiccation of the cotton embryonic axes for 60 minutes (16% of the content of water) and of the castor bean for 90 minutes (5% of the content of water), when obtained of imbibed seeds, it guaranteed regeneration after cryopreservation. The employment of the DMSO above 5% affected the viability of the explants. The encapsulation induced a reduction in the development of the explants and the desiccation it affected the regeneration. The vitrification and the encapsulation-dehydration didn't guarantee regeneration of the cotton explants cryopreserved.