RCAAP Repository

The research, Religiosity in the Brazilian drama of Nelson Rodrigues, deals with the study of representations of religious miscegenation in Nelson Rodrigues’ drama. Therefore, we choose as objects reading texts “The seven kittens”, “The deceased” and “The serpent”, respectively written in 1958, 1953 and 1978. To understand the chosen subject, the phenomenon of religious miscegenation in Brazil, we rely on anthropological view of Hélène Clastres, French scholar of religious manifestations of Brazilian Indians and in view of Darcy Ribeiro, a national anthropologist and novelist. To these studies, we combined the research of Eneida Leal on deities in Brazil and the philosophical postulates of the Italian philosopher, Nicola Abbagnano. Regarding the understanding of Nelson Rodrigues work we report, notably, the study proceeded by Sabato Magaldi, in addition to research Decio de Almeida Prado and Roberto Farias. As for the theoretical and methodological apparatus, used in the Georg Lukacs perspective, endorsed, in Brazil, Antonio Candido and the scholar of national drama, Decio de Almeida Prado. In these ways and understandings, we paided attention to the rodriguian’s particularities the settings of our devotions.

Ce travail constitue une analyse sémiotique guidé les bases théoriques établies par Charles Sanders Peirce américain, qui a analysé quatre fragments du poème Morte e Vida Severina, écrit par João Cabral de Melo Neto. On a étudié la façon dont l'icône est métaphorique dans cet ouvrage , pas seulement dans le texte verbal, mais en ce qui concerne les images qui correspondent aux vers étudiés dans une de ses traductions à travers le langage non verbal. Pour souligner l’analyse de la nature métaphorique de signes décrits dans ce document, la perspective de l'interprète et l'importance des processus cognitifs mis au point par ce dernier, dans l’aspect métaphorique. Nous appelons dans notre analyse l'expérience de l’ensemble , un terme utilisé par Peirce pour décrire le monde d'expériences que l'artiste, partant des significayions qui constituent les significations donnés aux signes.

This work consists of scrolling through the pages of newspapers and literary criticism from 1890 to 1960 to discuss the history of Brazilian literature that was formed through the selection of forgotten authors and works as it happened to the writer Pereira da Silva, the object of this work . Thus, we focused on the historical and literary revival of the author Antonio Joaquim Pereira da Silva (1876-1944), born in the city of Araruna (PB), he was the author of seven books of poetry, affiliated to the symbolist aesthetics and the first writer from Paraiba to occupy a seat in the Brazilian Academy of Letters in 1934. Pereira da Silva was also a journalist and a literary critic who joined Rio periodical press in the late nineteenth century and the first decades of the twentieth century, a period when newspapers were the primary means of written circulation and dissemination of literature in Brazil and the Brazilian press was living a moment of transformation in the Brazilian historical and cultural setting. Although in life and after his death, his name has been taken up by literary critics until the mid-1960s, taking part of the list of symbolist authors, his name is deleted by the history of literature we know today. For this reason, our purpose, therefore, is to resume this historical-literary author, his career in newspapers and his literary criticism from the late nineteenth century to the first half of the twentieth century as well as pointing out the probable causes of his subsequent erasure. For this research, we used a variety of sources such as newspapers, academies of letters, literary criticism and the education system under the theoretical framework of Bourdieu (1996, 2009), Roger Chartier (1998; 1999; 2002; 2007), Foucault (1999; 2001), Michel Certeau (1998), De Luca (2005), Barbosa (2007), Barbosa (2010), among others, refering to cultural practices related to literary media and reading but also to the systems of power and their implications for the composition and maintenance of the literary canon.

The newspaper had the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century as the period when it was confirmed as the main written circulation support and dissemination of literary work in Brazil. It became an important gateway for those who wanted to enter the world of Literature. Following this trend, Júlia Lopes de Almeida made her career and her literary work by means of the press. In order to achieve the main aim in this thesis, we traced a path that could reveal to us the development of her literary stamp production. And so we registered the publications that led to the consecration of that writer. Therefore, starting from the collection of the periodic productions, we chose the newspaper O País that, in turn, was the main diffusion vehicle of the writings of Julia Lopes through which stood out each of the genres that make up the body of her literary work in the daily publication. Following after drawing the newspaper profile in question, we gave emphasis to the registration of which was published by the author emphasizing its production series and unpublished writings. The appendices constitute the written record referred to in the thesis.

This dissertation is subdivided into three articles: the first one is a systematic review titled "Speech therapy group and its effectiveness for treatment of dysphonia: a systematic review", accepted for publication in CEFAC journal and had intended to conduct a review on systematic group of vocal therapy and its effects in patients with dysphonia. Through the study it was revealed that the group therapy method is effective for rehabilitation of dysphonia. The second article is also a systematic review entitled "Anxiety levels and impacts on voice: a systematic review", submitted to the journal Communication Disorders and features in order to perform a systematic review about anxiety and its impact on voice. The main finding of the study was the existence of a relationship between anxiety and presence of vocal changes. Finally, the third article built with empirical data from field research, has the title "The group speech therapy reduces anxiety of patients with dysphonia", will be submitted to the journal Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica and has the objective to analyzing the levels of anxiety pre and post-group therapy vocal symptoms in patients with dysphonia and verifying the correlation between vocal symptoms and anxiety levels. The study bought the existence of the correlation between anxiety levels and the voice, but also the effectiveness of group therapy for rehabilitation of these disorders.

The scope of this dissertation is to discuss how Euclides da Cunha presents the Amazon from the nature of man and his interactions in À Margem da História (1909), for both initially adopted a study that included the representation of nature in style time that marked the history of our Brazilian literature. Following this survey, which was intended to discuss the way in which nature left in translated literary texts, we start to contemplate the Euclidean thought from three perspectives: its temporality as thinker who interacted with the philosophical proposals of his time; their vision of the future, through engineering exercise as a source of funding for the realization of a modern country, coupled with his understanding of the Republic; and the establishment of a link between the author and the environmental issue through dialogue by ecocríticas bases, therefore, through the present echoes in À Margem da História (1909) that promote the need for social protection and state to Amazon and its natural system we can highlight Euclides da Cunha as an intellectual who discusses the problems in nature. Later, reaching the analytical time, introduced a discussion on the Euclides da Cunha to look at the relationship between man and nature in Os Sertões (1902), also present issues in À Margem da História (1909). The chronic nature, associated with the historical contexts of the region more explicit these elements started on your masterpiece. Thus, Uma Visão Euclidiana da Amazônia: À Margem da História discusses the ambivalence of the Euclidean thought against northern reality of the country, a thought that is being built along the stay of the author in the Amazon and that because of this is dual, forward of his time and protective.

Hilda Hilst (1930-2004) is this work anchor, specially her poetry, to which we direct our critical-interpretative view to the poems entitled Ode descontínua para flauta e oboé. De Ariana para Dionísio is based on Júbilo, memória, noviciado da paixão (2008), considering its dialogues between the epic tradition about Ariadne and Dionysius’ myth. To observe the Dionysian myth (re)creation and its nuances on the hilstian literary production is our main aim, intending to establish a comprehension on poetic recurrences; thus to reflect reverberated echoes expressed by the feminine-lyrical voice present on the ten poems, in which the body and the love are metaphors from the erotic and possibly configure images to the reader, through a plurality of meanings. In this way, there is an articulation with theory approaches by Pound (2003), Eliade (2010), Grimal (2011), Cassirer (2000), among others that establish an intersection between myth and literature. Approaching this tangible proximity, methodologically we suggest the reading of symbolic images throughout “concision” as an analytic category, articulating internal and external meanings on the poems lyrical and verbal plasmation. On this perspective, the inception of extra-literary elements on Hilda Hilst’s poetics configures a language actualization, (re)signifying the Dionysian myth through the feminine voice on our contemporary background.

The chemical dependency today is a widely discussed phenomenon, and among the most destructive drugs stands out the crack. The crack addicts, who seek treatment to dump the drug use, face abstinence – surrounded period of anxiety. With a large number of crack addicts in our country, it is necessary to search for alternative measures that help to reduce anxiety levels. The present study aimed to investigate the clinical anxiolytic potential of Citrus aurantium L. on crack addicts in abstinence. The study was developed with internal users admitted to therapeutic farms in Paraiba, Brazil. The sample consisted of 51 volunteers, who were divided into three groups. To elicit anxiety, were used the Public Speech Simulation (PSS). Physiological measurements was evaluated in the experiment using appropriate equipment, as also psychological measures of anxiety levels, using the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Analog Scale Humo (EAH). The essential oil of Citrus aurantium L. was administered by nebulization. The experiment was developed in unique and individual sessions and consolidated in four stages: (I) Basal (II) Stressor, (III) During and (IV) Final. Data analysis was performed using parametric and non-parametric statistical methods. The results showed that the volunteers of the groups using the OE kept anxiety levels controlled during the PSS, with statistical difference when compared to "control". Volunteers, who used the OE also maintained stable levels of the "discomfort" and "Cognitive Impairment" measured by EAH in moments of realization of PSS. It follows that internal crack users individuals in abstinence have a high trait anxiety, and the EO Citrus aurantium L. nebuliser presented acute anxiolytic effect on internal crack users in abstinence submitted to PSS.

Our study focuses on the poetry of contemporary Brazilian writer Stella Leonardos, particularly in the first part of Amanhecência work, published in 1974, which features recreations of songs of the troubadour period. The rare academic production about the Troubadour and the very few studies on the neotrovadoresca strand produced by authors / the contemporary / as, notably by the poet Stella Leonardos, justifies our research proposal to entangle the process of (re) reading of lyric medieval with its reception by literary criticism. Therefore, we approach, at first, the tradition of medieval and Neotrovadorismo aesthetics in contemporary literature; then proceeded to a discussion of the canonical criteria for the inclusion / exclusion of works and authors / the national or international literature. We propose, finally, the poetic analysis of Stella Leonardos regarding your neotrovadoresca facet in four rewrites friend of songs, namely: Barcarolle, The songbook of desajuda, pastorela fragment and Cantiga of pilgrimage. How we use the theoretical underpinning research by Georg Otte (1999), Roberto Reis (1993), Cristófol y Sel (2008), Segismundo Spina (2006, 1956 and 1996), Lenia Mongelli & Yara Frateschi Vieira (2003). We also present the contributions of some of the most respected current researchers discussing Neotrovadorismo, Tereza Lópes (1997), Maleval (2002).

The presence of pornography in literature is considered as a category since the nineteenth century for its formal qualities which make it possible analysis that comprehend the intentionality of the insertion of pornographic text and/or its functionality in the literary genres. This second perspective makes it possible the study of the pornographic elements of satire that serves as an instrument for the critic to power. Supported by theoretical postulates of Hodgart (2010) and Frye (2014), according to which pornography serves as an instrument for the construction of satire, under the vision of the attack, we will analyze how pornography was taken as a satirical feature by the humorous and pornographic newspaper O Riso (1911-1912) in the Brazilian Belle Époque. To understand the production and circulation context of O Riso and how it incorporated pornography it is necessary to do a research by means of the methods proposed by Cultural History (CHARTIER, 1991 and 2007). According to Chartier, the history of reading and literature can only be made if the researcher take into account the practices and forms of reading, as well as ownership and representation of the discourse of a given time. We discuss here, more specifically, the pornographic and political discourses that constitute the newspaper O Riso in order to analyze the stress points and organization of those discourses in relation to the political critique restrained in the paper. We aim at understanding the pornographic discourse of the O Riso and its relation with the history of literature by means of the pornography and politics. We analyzed columns that deal with political and social issues as well as the pornographic novel “As Aventuras do Rei Pausolo” and other newspapers that had a direct dialogue with O Riso such as O Rio Nu (1898-1916), O Coió (1901-1902) and O Nabo (1900). The results of our analysis show that, by means of satire instruments and the different ways of appropriation of pornography, it is possible to see that the political criticism used pornography and, also, its inherent character that is the reader's excitement. The discourse that constitutes the newspaper O Riso it is not only the sexual one, but mainly its political positioning which was against the Republican government of Hermes da Fonseca.

This theoretical basic research develops into an interface between linguistics and psychoanalysis trying to analyse the movements of the unconscious in irony-language-truth joint. Therefore it was attempted to observe in Saussure from the conception of language as a system of signs, the production of meanings such as constitution of truths through the notion of arbitrary, linguistic value and mainly of syntagmatic relations and associations – by Lacanian psychoanalysis which attempted to analyse the production of meaning in metaphor and metonymy movements that resulted on the initiation of unconscious movements. Finally, it was sought to systematize with emphasis on structure’s perspective the production of meanings in the two theories, taking irony as theme of the reflections. It can be deduced that the language operation mode described by Saussure resembles the operation of the unconscious described by Lacan, as movement’s meanings, truths, movements that keep their specificities remaining therefore distinct thou. Consequently, this research provides subsidies for both psychoanalysis and for the language in search of what can be assumed to each other.

The films A teta assustada (2009), directed by Claudia Llosa, Whisky (2003), directed by Juan Pablo Rebella and Pablo Stoll and O segredo de seus olhos (2009), by Juan José Campanella, as any artistic text, exist ―only in the spirit which endows them with reality‖ (AUMONT, 1995, p. 225). The strategies adopted by each filmmaker have impregnated the narratives with poetical quality and opened a space for a politics of fiction. These narratives have functioned as windows which allowed us to think about the common human being; these were deliberate partial choices pregnant of an affective and a political perspective, whose aim was to under-stand the vicissitudes of our everyday life, through the stories of singular subjects/characters. Aiming to amplify the understanding of this issue, we carried out analyses of various fictional texts, through which we discussed the theoretical principles of poeticalness and metafiction, based on Jacques Rancière, Roman Jakobson, Linda Hutcheon, Patricia Waugh and texts by the Russian formalists. The objective of this research was therefore to investigate how Latin-American cinema, represented in three early films of the twenty-first century has proposed new ways of thinking about politics and subjectivity through a poetical action and vision.

O presente estudo analisa, pelo viés comparativo, os romances Obasan (1981), de Joy Kogawa, e Everything Was Good-Bye (2010), de Gurjinder Basran, escritoras canadenses inseridas na diáspora asiático-canadense, enfocando os impactos da exclusão e discriminação que permeiam essas narrativas das escritoras selecionadas para compor nosso corpus literário. Entendemos as escritas de ambas autoras como tentativas literárias de “quebrar o silêncio” imposto pelo privilégio branco, promovendo uma releitura de caráter pós-colonial e contra hegemônico do Canadá contemporâneo. Desenvolvemos, assim, uma revisão do contexto histórico, literário e cultural canadenses, lançando um olhar mais aprofundado sobre a escrita da minoria asiático-canadense (mulheres de cor), parte da produção significativa dos povos asiáticos que migraram para aquele país e que expõe frequentemente as memórias do passado e as experiências do presente. Após isso, desenvolvemos uma necessária compreensão do contexto de um país tão múltiplo, através da discussão do conceito de transculturação (ou transculturalidade) que muito nos auxilia na leitura das narrativas em tela, apontando a intensidade com a qual esses textos são cortados por referências linguísticas e culturais diversas. Por fim, enfocamos e problematizamos os tradicionais conceitos de Bildungsroman, ou romance de formação, trazendo vozes críticas atreladas ao feminismo e à critica literária em sentido mais amplo, a fim de destacar quais as inovações que o Bildungsroman transcultural produzido por mulheres traz para as análises da literatura contemporânea no contexto canadense. Dessa forma, os romances escolhidos se abrem às experiências de negociação propostas pelo transculturalismo e que tem no gênero – Bildungsroman – o espaço adequado para formulações alternativas no que se refere às personagens, principalmente as femininas. Defendemos, assim, que o Bildungsroman, nesse contexto, cria um novo espaço às literaturas das minorias, sendo o lócus apropriado para apresentar os conflitos e negociações entre a cultura ancestral e a de chegada, aqui contempladas pelas etnias nipônica e indiana.

This thesis aims to investigate the discursive practices regarding to the work of public image production at the scope of irruption of the discursive event and at the building up of the image spectacle. With French Discourse Analysis as theoretical basis, this research turns to the media operation about the sayings, and their effects, at the discursivization of the presidential election event in the United States, in 2008 and 2012. Having a qualitative dimension and based on the Foucaultean arqueogenealogic method, this is an investigation about the regime of truth and the discursive police that makes the president Barack Obama subjective, and assuring him a space of public visibility at the scope of public image spectacle. Proposing to deal with the tense relationship between power and knowledge, this research turns to the Foucault’s studies considering, at work of image production, the empire of an intentioned media that calls the subject to assume discursive positions, affects the everyday life, produces truth and fabricates the history of the present time. With a bibliographic incursion that brings to bear a discussion about discourse, media and politics – according to the studies from, among others, Foucault (2005, 2006, 2007, 2008a), Pêcheux (1997b, 2008, 2009), Courtine (2003, 2009, 2011), Debord (2002), Gomes (2004) and Silverstone (2005) – it comes to the analysis of sayings about Obama – digital articles from The New York Times and Folha de São Paulo and even covers of Brazilian and international magazines – considering the thematic path of the president politic image oscillation at the 2008 and 2012 elections. Then, this thesis proposes that at the discursivization of American presidential election, the media worked in a strategic way establishing knowledge/power relations and requiring subject-position occupation by building up visibility spectacle and virtualization of reality. Through the control illusion of the sayings and its respective meaning effects, the mass media presented Obama to the world according to different regimes of truth, which made him oscillate from a divine messiah to a global martyrdom, from the worldwide expectations to a dream seller.

This study aims to analyze the Lula's speech, seeking reveal the socio-cultural values ​​that explain its popularity. We used the greimasian semiotics as a basic theoretical model, especially that sóciossemiótica takes care of non-literary texts social. Investigated a corpus composed of four manifested discourses that portray different times of Lula's political career: President Lula syndicalist early stage denouncing the business class; Squid Congressman it is critical that the maintenance of indirect elections president; Lula and the letter to the Brazilian is the speech that redefines his political career President Lula of Brazil, speech after the first victory at the polls. The speeches were analyzed following the trajectory of the generative course of meaning in the underlying popular search. On the narrative level, we investigated the relationship between the semiotic subjects and their valuables. In the discursive level, there were the interpersonal relations of enunciation and utterance and spatiotemporal projections and key highlight was the ideology underlying the speeches. Studies have shown that semas democracy, citizenship and ethics, implicit in the texts analyzed, have a number of restrictions, including considerations are that: only worker is honest, the poor must live in hope and that maintaining "Storylines" enthusiasts is the solution to the problems that crucify the country. The analysis and comparison of the four texts also showed that the popular arguments are tactical procedures used masterfully in speeches as the intentions of the producers in order to produce a discourse of domination that seems include dominated in decision-making. In fact, they tend to further strengthen domination. This allows us to say that political actors appeal to the doctrines sentimentalists oriented abstract conceit, subordinating reason to feeling.

This research focuses on literature produced by Elisa Lispector, immigrant writer who deals with sensitivity and uniqueness with the problematic of exile as well as the incommunicado in her literary composition. The corpus chosen for analysis is the novel No Exílio, first published in 1948. Considering the autobiographical traits constantly merged with the fiction in the novel, as pointed out by Nadia Battella Gotlib in text that is constitutes the unfinished and autobiographical work Retratos Antigos (2012), by Elisa Lispector, as well as the attempt to narrate Lispector family output a small village in Ukraine, where they lived, trying to escape the violence of the pogroms and the arrival into exile, i. e., in Brazil, in the early twentieth century. The very attempt to communicate this limit-experience and the pain of exile brings itself irrefutable testimonial traits, thus, in the wake of categories that problematize the modern world and its new conjucture permeated by disasters and traumas, seeking the support of Márcio Seligmann-Silva, especially of his studies in História, memória, literatura – o testemunho na era das catástrofes (2013), of Walter Benjamin in em A modernidade e os modernos (2000), of Friedrich Nietzsche in Genealogia da Moral (2012) and of Julia Kristeva com Estrangeiros para nós mesmos (1994), as well as other studies and theorists who have contributed significantly to the development and enrichment of research.

The present paper aims at carrying out a reading of the novel Rita no Pomar by Rinaldo Fernandes in the attempt of realizing how the subjectivity of the traumatizing condition is outlined by the protagonist-narrator‘s language. The narrative‘s fragmentation goes along with the reframing of the lived past in São Paulo and at the Pomar beach, places whose involvement with characters and facts are always present in Rita‘s report. Through Charles Sanders Peirce‘s semiotics, we shall analyse how it is organized in the narrative‘s structure the arrangements of the symbolic, indexical and iconic signs in order to produce the effect of discontinuity and anticipation in the plot. With the support of Sigmund Freud‘s psychoanalitic theory, we shall discuss about the trauma and its representation in the novel. We still seek to investigate the presence of the movement attraction-rejection, a recurrent image in the structural and fictional levels, as well as in the macrostructre of the work, as an icon for Trauma.

The investigation of metafictional narratives undoubtedly plays a relevant role for the comprehension of artistic work fictionality, as it may directly interfere in the theory and criticism of fiction. The novel Atonement, by Ian McEwan, and its adaptation, by Joe Wright, are characterized by a metafictional and parodic aesthetics. Having in mind the premise that metafictional narratives tend to be resistant to film adaptation, due to the complex articulation between metafiction and enunciation, we aim to investigate how the metafictionality of Atonement is materialized in the novel and to show how the transposition of this metafictionality occurs in the process of adaptation. Besides, since in Atonement the metafictional aesthetics is implicated with an ethics, we also aim to understand how this relation is approached in both works. To do so, our theoretical support draws mainly from the studies postulated by Linda Hutcheon, Patricia Waugh, Robert Stam, and Seymour Chatman. Through a comparative and intertextual analysis, we conclude that the materialization of the novel metafictionality required expressive creativity from both the verbal and filmic authors and originated interesting aesthetic, thematic and cinematic innovation; even though the filmic text is intentionally very close to the literary text in terms of form and content. As for the debate between ethics and aesthetics, we observed that McEwan, through his character Briony, argues for an ethics of alterity to help the individual face the paradox of post-modernity. McEwan‟s ethically implicated fiction approaches the contingency, the heterogeneity and the contradictory of the post-modern era, points to a possible way out of the crisis through an ethics of alterity, but does not impose it as a paradigm.

A lo largo de nuestro estudio, abordamos dos novelas, Caramelo, de Sandra Cisneros y En el nombre de Salomé, de Julia Alvarez, con nuestra mirada crítica centrada en las protagonistas de ambas narrativas. Las voces de estas mujeres, y las historias que desvelan, construyen puentes entre culturas diversas – las de sus comunidades de origen, latinoamericanas, y la de arribada, estadounidense. El trayecto de un lado al otro conlleva marcas de tensiones, prejuicios, violencias, pero también resistencias y traducción cultural. Las habilidades para el tránsito (cultural, linguístico, entre otros) se fundamentan en los vestigios de memorias y en los propios cuerpos de los personajes, pues, gracias a ellos, estos se desplazan y rememoran momentos fundamentales, con el fin de reestructurar alguna noción de self en el entre-lugar. A tal efecto, las historias del pasado se vinculan con las del presente, tejiendo un lastre cultural que no es homogéneo, al integrar, por lo menos, dos vivencias, dos mundos yuxtapuestos y en diálogo tenso. Elegimos cuerpo y memoria como nuestras principales categorías de análisis, ambas tratadas a partir de una perspectiva comprometida con los estudios de género y culturales, contando con Sarlo (2007), Bordo (1993; 1990), Klahn (2003; 2000), Anzaldúa (1987; 2014), Smith y Watson (2010), y Almeida (2013) como nuestros principales apoyos teóricos. Buscamos constatar si, en las dos novelas, la memoria va más allá y habla a través de los cuerpos de las protagonistas, arrancando del silencio sujetos en ocasiones invisibilizados y silenciados y, al mismo tiempo, verificar si tal fenómeno se manifiesta de forma semejante en las dos narrativas y cuáles son los impactos de esta revelación.

The overindebtedness reaches the consumer as an individual and as a social being. The constitutional principle of human dignity is infringed at the time when the consumer is hit by chronic indebtedness, not being able to pay current and future debts without affecting their livelihood or his family. Personal credit agreement may be a taxable event of over-indebtedness, it is the consumer burden your monthly budget with loans not leaving an amount sufficient to meet basic needs. The credit contract, consumers will receive the cash value of the car title loan and take payment through installments, with possible payroll deduction or current account. The elder, as a consumer, need greater legal protection before his hipervulnerabilidade, and thus, the Elderly Statute and the Consumer Protection Code (Law No. 8.078 / 90) are instruments that will promote this defense. It is noteworthy that the Elder is one of the biggest victims of indebtedness with a view to facilitating credit and the conduct that is practiced by the supplier when the contract does not adequately informing the elderly consumer, bypassing the legal limit for credit granting and enforcing compounded interest. Despite the vendor's conduct of gravity and the effects of the elderly consumer the State has not criminalized such practices as criminal omitting as to criminal responsibility. However, the legal framework of such conduct on some existing criminal types from crimes against consumer relations as a way to temporarily resolve the conflict is possible.