RCAAP Repository

The universalism vs. relativism dichotomy should not be perceived as a mere doctrinal issue. It means major obstacle to the effective protection of the human being in the international and internal orders. On one hand, the universal abstraction of human rights suffers severe critical, on the other hand, culture is dangerously positioned as an immutable element. It important to overcome this scenario and build the perception of common human rights. Even against this environment of disintegration, that rise of culture as an argument cannot put aside the protection of human life. The solution to the criticism of universalism and for strengthening the discourse of human rights relativism is the construction of a common core of human rights based on the prevalence of human rights. This research shows that it is so. Common is the space in which one of us are or wish to be part of. In the space of human rights, the common core was built by the main treaties of international law that form the so-called protection systems of the human being. It is very high level, because it goes beyond state borders. It was seat as essential assumptions the differential nature of the norms of international human rights law to ensure the international legal personality of the human person, beyond that, establishes the supremacy of international law over national law. Also, the foundation of the creation of the common core of human rights is in the primacy of human rights, defended as part of the ius cogens norm. The basis of the concept of common is the concept of policy in Hanna Arendt’s works. Therefore, the analysis of political activity in constructing common human rights toke place in international and domestic spaces. In international jurisdiction, the courts of human rights represent advances in constructing the hard core of human rights, although some structural aspects still deserve strong critics. In the Brazilian internal order, chaos around these matters is the main conclusion. Qualitative and quantitative methodologies were applied and, especially, the inductive, deductive, hypothetical-deductive methods of approach and typological method of procedure.

The study aims to examine the relationship between the reduction of the working day and promoting employability, from a discussion of the necessary limitation of the flexibility of working hours. Although the working hours issue is recurrent in labor harvest, concern about it has been changing with the passage of time. In the late twentieth century, when the main problem in developed economies becomes unemployment, the discussion on the reduction of the working day takes on new meaning. The reduction of working hours around the center of the debate as a means of generating new jobs. In an attempt to address the structural and cyclical causes of unemployment, neoliberal ideology presents the flexibility of labor standards as a solution, by setting up a so-called single thought of hegemony of this model. To address the problem raised by this research: the reduction of working hours would be a mechanism capable of generating new jobs, the hypothesis presented goes against the neoliberal ideology attributed to flexibility, in that it believes that the reduction of journey work can influence the creation of new jobs, since the flexibility of working hours to be limited and not encouraged. Such limitations must be embodied in two mechanisms: limiting the use of overtime, with a consequent increase in the additional overtime and end of the hour bank of the institute. The research aims to demonstrate the arguments that justify the need to adopt such measures in case of reduction of working hours in Brazil through the deductive method of approach, the hermeneutic procedures, comparative and historical and bibliographical research technique.

Because of the importance of the struggle for housing, we discuss in this study the relationship between the perpetuation of the institute of private property, the housing issue and the right to the city in Brasil from the analysis of housing policies initiated in the Age Vargas and the first building venture of 'Programa Minha Casa, Minha Vida” targeted to lower classes in the city of João Pessoa. With the theoretical frame of reference marxist, it uses the category of the right to the city in order to problematize the process of urbanization that unfolds in the face of the establishment of capitalist mode of production in Brazil and its growing involvement with the generation and deepening of the housing deficit. For this purpose, it is used historical and descriptive method in order to review the option of brazilian state for public policies of housing finance. The method of approach in greater frequency employee is dialectical materialism, by allowing the inclusion of categories of geography and urban planning, as the housing issue, the urban crisis and socio-spatial segregation, the critical analysis of the “Programa Minha Casa, Minha Vida, making it possible also the contetion of the role of the state and the establishment of the inalienable character of private property. The text has been structurally divided int the three sections each having two parts. The first is the unfolding of the housing problem form the the formation of the capitalist mode of producion and recognition of the housing issue linked to the class struggle in Brazil. The second emphasize the theory of natural rights in Locke and points that the impact of Land Law (1850) on urban land privatization process in João Pessoal. Finally, in the third chapter, the impact of the “Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida” is analyzed, as well as, the preterit public housing policies, in confronting with the housing crisis. This is a social policy model that comes opting for inclusion through consumption, the conception of housing right as a deployment of property rights and including the right to the city simply as an individual right.

The Project The Winds of Brazil and Angola: the poetics of négritude in Solano Trindade and Agostinho Neto tries to highlight, through the compared literature, the diverging and converging points in poems on négritude, selected from the masterpieces The sacred hope and The impossible renouncement by the Angolan Agostinho Neto, as well as poems selected from the masterpieces Chants to my people and There are starving people, by the Brazilian Solano Trindade. To attain this goal, we will try to analyze, through an aesthetic and ideological perspective, the poetic masterpiece of these writers under the scope of literature as well as under the discussion brought from literature crossed by domains of history. Négritude mainly tries to bring about an African-negro identity which was denied during the historical process of colonization. Thus, we will try to highlight the intertextual relations in the mesterpieces by the writers mentioned, considering the influence, direct or indirect, of the principles coming from the Négritude movement. Also, we will analyze the possible dialogues between literature and the social, political and cultural context – where lies the literary creation of the corpus in analysis.

This research conducts a study of the novel The Japanese Garden, of Brazilian Ana Suzuki, published in 1986, in order to verify the in-between where they mix different histories crossed by cultural identities in conflict. Based on the hypothesis that the mixed garden in the narrative, enables cultural assimilation meetings and resistance from Japanese immigrants and their descendants Japanese-Brazilians, the dissertation focuses on the hybrid space resulting from the diaspora meetings and simultaneously, the construction of the Japanese Garden of Yoneda character. To reflect on the cultural exchange between cherry blossoms and yellow trumpet trees, Japanese and Brazilian, that move and bloom the third bank, involved in conflict cultural situations of integration, draws on the theoretical foundation and critical concepts as in-between (Silviano Santiago), cultural identity (Stuart Hall), hybrid (Homi Bhabha), transculturation (Fernando Ortiz, Ángel Rama), and several other studies of the Japanese immigration to Brazil in order to point out elements of this common place that is Latin America.

Our research focus two Brazilian novels – Fogo Morto, by José Lins do Rego, and São Bernardo, by Graciliano Ramos, published respectively in 1943 and 1934. We point out, on these two narratives, the female characters Amelia and Madalena, in order to analyze their behavior as married subjects inside a very traditional social system in the countryside of the Northeast of Brazil at that time. In order to read critically how these women are constructed by the authors and the narrators in these narratives, as well as the role they play in the social system they are inserted, where the feminine tend to be silenced or made invisible, we discuss concepts about public and private spheres, with a special interest in the way in which cultural and gender studies has been leading such spheres of social life. With the reading and selection of a theoretical framework which brings important contribution to our analysis of the literary texts, we take studies by Lauretis (1994) in respect to gender technologies, Perrot (2003) about the theory of silencing and gender, Okin (2007) to discuss about the relation between gender and politics, and to discuss resistance of the dominant models we take Bourdieu (2014) studies. We highlight the almost total separation observed between the world of women and men in the novels analyzed. Finally, we point out some ways through which both female characters succeed, even in a non-explicit way, in interfering in the social system they are inserted and in the way their love relationships develop through the union (not always a loving one) they establish with their husbands. Thus, we discuss the context of these two novels within a wider, historical and social context, in other words, considering how the relationships between men and woman were established in Brazilian society in the thirties and forties.

Au début du premier gouvernement Lula, les pratiques néolibérales étaient en vigueur dans la société. L‟alignement du PT et du président à cette politique-économique, héritage du gouvernement précédent, a déclenché une série de polémiques, critiques et mouvements. à ce moment, des économistes et activistes dénonçaient l‟hégémonie du discours néolibérale dans la presse. Cette thèse traite comment s‟ont construit les effets de sens produits par la caricature dans le milieu de ces conditions de production. En prenant l‟hypothèse que le discours des journaux s‟aligne discursivement sur la politique néolibérale, nous cherchons à comprendre comment la caricature dans la presse réagit devant cette tension. Notre argumentation défend que la caricature se comporte comme une pratique discursive de résistance dans le journalisme. Notre objectif sera de montrer comment se déroule ce déplacement discursif et quels éléments socio-historiques ont permis cette attitude idéologique. La recherche repose sur la ligne française d‟Analyses du Discours depuis le geste du fondateur Michel Pêcheux, les contributions suivantes de Michel Foucault, et les études brésiliens. Le corpus est composé par les dessins de presse et autres textes de trois journaux de capitales du Nord-est. Nous concluons que les caricaturistes ont construit une mémoire carnavalisée de l‟histoire récente du Brésil. Enfin, nous comprenons le journalisme comme un lieu de chocs discursifs donc ouvert à hétérogénéité et aux jeux de pouvoir et de résistance.

Introduction: Dioclea grandiflora, known as stone Mucunã, acts on the Central Nervous System, diseases of the prostate and kidney stones. Objective: Toxicology Assessment Acute and chronic nonclinical crude hydroalcoholic extract from the bark of Dioclea grandiflora, based on normative Statement 4, 18 June 2014 national health surveillance agency (ANVISA). Methodology: For both methodologies were used Wistar rats, both sexes, with the administration of ethanolic extract of the root bark of Dioclea grandiflora (EEBCRDg), orally. On acute toxicity, a group treated with 2000 mg/kg dose and a control group (forward). After administration, the parameters of behaviour for 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 and 240 minutes feed intake and water daily, weekly and haematological parameters by evolution and biochemists, after 14 days of administration of a single dose. The number of survivors recorded to determine the LD50. For chronic toxicity the animals were treated orally (v) with the doses of 10, 50 and 250 mg/kg of EEBCRDg and a control group, during 90 days. We analyzed the water and feed consumption, temperature, blood glucose, weight evolution, behavioural tests such as, rod and the open route, biochemical and Hematological and pathological. Results: In acute toxicity there was statistically significant increase in the consumption of water and feed for both sexes. Increased albumin of males, females reduced alkaline phosphatase, total protein and globulins. Decreased the number of red blood cells in females. In chronic toxicity an increase in temperature of males and females decreased, decreased blood glucose levels in both sexes, decreased water consumption and feed in males, increase and decrease of water and rations in females, increased and decreased by evolution for both sexes, for the corportamental open field test, increased the body postures when walking in females, increased the lift in both sexes, increased cleaning in females, decreased the amount of faecal cakes in females. For the biochemical parameters there was decrease of glucose and albumin, increased creatinine, AST, ALT, LDH, total protein, albumin and globulin for males, an increase in total protein and immunoglobulin in females. Haematological parameters increased red blood cells, hematocrit, leukocytes and decreased the VCM and MCHC in males, females increased, decreased red blood cells MCV and MCH. Showing inflammatory infiltrate in the lungs of males. Conclusion: According to the results of the EEBCRDg presented a considerable toxicity, and required further investigation to attest to the safety of its use.

Leishmaniasis is a disease transmitted by protozoans of the Leishmania gender. A huge number of species are responsible for the infection in human beings, resulting in three clinical phenotypes. The World Health Organization – WHO classify them as neglected diseases, and encourages the search of new medical drugs or formulations that are effective and that have low toxicity to humans. All the medical drugs actually used for the treatment of the leishmaniasis present some kind of restriction such as high toxicity, severe side effects, elevated cost, parenteral administration or teratogenicity. That being said, the development of more effective and selective drugs is very important, and the identification of exclusive metabolic pathways of the parasites that can be targeted might be an interesting starting point. Medicinal plants have been a rich source to the obtaining of molecules to be therapeutically explored. The Bixa Orellana L., popularly know as “annatto”, presents different pharmacological activities that are already proven. The objective of this work was to verify the anti-leishmaniasis potential and the toxicity of the phytochemicals of the oily fraction of Bixa Orellana and bixin extracted of its seeds, aiming to verify and prove its biological activity, security and therapeutic effectiveness in order to develop a phytotherapic drug. The bixin was characterized through a nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of ¹H and ¹³C, and the oily fraction by a gas chromatography within a mass spectrometer. It can be inferred that the bixin and the oily fraction are presented as toxic because they have shown values of LD50 of 353,64±67,54 and 285,41±35,81μg/mL, respectively, and present low toxicity against swiss mouse erythrocytes and low toxicity after acute administration of the 2000 mg/mL doses. The bixin and the oily fraction inhibited the growth of promastigote forms, generating an IC50 of 2,16 μg/mL and 1,26 μg/mL, respectively, for the Leishmania major. The Trypan blue exclusion test has shown a significant cytotoxicity of the studied substances over murine macrophages. The calculated CC50 for the murine macrophages was 59,51 μg/mL and 111,41 μg/mL, for the bixin and oily fraction, respectively, so, they are more toxic for the parasites than for the relieved macrophages. The bixin and the oily fraction did not present an in vivo anti-Leishmaniasis effect in swiss mice infected with the L. major. It can be concluded that both bixin and oily fraction presented anti-Leishmaniasis activity (leishmaniostatic and leishmanicide) against promastigote forms of L. major.

The epoxy-carvone (EC) is a monoterpene present in herbs with proven pharmacological activity in the CNS, including, antinociceptive and anticonvulsant. This substance has chiral centers that permit the generation of four stereoisomers, called (+)-cis-EC, (-)-cis-EC, (+)-trans-EC and (-)-trans-EC, whose comparative anticonvulsant effects have never been studied. This work aims to investigate in a comparative way the anticonvulsant activity of enantiomers of EC cited in experimental models of chemical and electrical induction of seizures in mice and quantifying pro-inflammatory cytokines and perform histopathological analysis of the treated animals. In the test of the seizures induced by pentylenetetrazol, all stereoisomers tested (300 mg/kg; ip) were effective in protecting seizures, increasing the latency for appearances thereof. Since the test of the seizures induced by pilocarpine, substances (+)-cis-EC, (+)-trans-EC and (-)-trans-EC were most prominent in the reduction of parameters related to the activation of cholinergic receptors, and increase the latency to onset of seizures. No significant results were obtained in the test of seizures induced by strychnine, suggesting that possibly these drugs do not act in glycine receptors. In the maximum atrial electroshock model, difference was evident in the effect of EC stereoisomers and despite all reduce the duration of significantly convulsions, substances (+)-trans-EC and (-)-trans-EC showed a reduction even more pronounced. In the kindling test, (+)-cis-EC and (-)-cis-EC reduced the average scores presented with a small but noticeable, especially (+)-cis-EC. The stereoisomer (+)-cis-EC decreased levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNFα in the kindling test, whereas comparatively (-)-cis-EC did not reduce the amount of IL -1β. Histopathological analysis showed greater hippocampal neuronal protection for those treated with (+)-cis-EC. The group treated with (-)-cis-CE exhibited inflammatory components in this tissue, which again lists (+)-cis-EC as a promising, compared. Thus, these results show that the EC stereoisomers has similar anticonvulsant potential, especially (+)-cis-EC, which interferes possibly potentiating inhibitory pathways or inhibiting excitatory pathways, in addition to changing levels of cytokines involved in epileptic condition and promote neuronal protection mechanisms that require further investigation.

This research develops aspects of insertion within the vocativo syntax. Based on enunciation basic syntax, in which the utterance is approached from a historical perspective , the vocative can operate in two disjunction plans , namely the organization's plan of phrasal structure and plan expressible . Thus , the vocative is inserted in parsing as not only the term which functions as " call " , but also as " end support " within the sentence , because it presents the enunciative function of designating places or positions to be occupied by enunciated . This job then it shows that the vocative is not disconnected from the sentence, as generally It is addressed in more formalist perspectives of syntax. Rather, he fully integrates the syntactical body of the sentence , since the linguistic gains identity precisely in the inseparable relationship between the plans of organic structure and of enunciation.

E-participation, as complement to traditional political participation, represents a promise of revival of the civil society in the information age. Despite the reduced financial costs, e-participation is still in the early stages, if we consider the division that exists among those who participate and those who are outside of the online political debate. E-participation comes up against social risks derived from the expression of personal opinion, an example being ideological persecution. Anonymous communication on the Internet has been identified as dubious, because on the one hand it facilitates personal expression, but on the other it interferes with the debate, mainly because people lose their inhibitions. Therefore, an analysis of the relationship among risk attitudes, anonymity perception and intention of e-participation in virtual social networks was conducted. An experimental study was conducted by manipulating the perception of anonymity of professionals of a high-risk occupation in the public sector and measuring their risk attitudes and intentions of e-participation through Facebook. The results indicate that there is a strong association (R2 = 0,80; Β = 9,54; p-value < 0.01) between risk attitudes and intention of e-participation, and that this relationship is even stronger when the e-participation occurs in presence of greater perceived anonymity. Thus, it was observed that anonymity perception interacts with risk attitudes in an effect that moderates the relationship between the latter and intention of e-participation.

As its main objective, this thesis aimed to propose a learning system based on an experiential approach in order to contribute to the training of professional master’s in Management. Specific objectives were outlined, which were then fulfilled throughout three distinct, but interconnected, steps. The first objective sought to define the dimensions that incorporate a learning system in professional master’s courses (PMC). To this end, an exploratory stage was conducted, with the participation of graduate coordinators, former graduate coordinators and people connected to the Capes board of directors. The results of this stage led to the delimitation of four macro procedural dimensions: historical-legal, socio-cultural, economic and political. Additionally, they indicated fundamental elements towards the delimitation of four micro procedural dimensions, linked to theoretical aspects of experiential learning: learning environment, theoretical and methodological knowledge, professional and social experiences and reflective practice. The second objective sought to identify the process of training of master’s students based on the perception of teachers and PMC managers in Business Administration considering the micro procedural dimensions. This second stage was carried out by the application of an online and open-ended questionnaire, which revealed the importance of the four micro procedural dimensions in the training processes of the professional master’s students, the presence of experiential learning in each, and the strengthening of the linkages between them. To understand the implications of the proposed dimensions in the process of training of professional master’s students and to identify the importance of active teaching methodologies for PMC, corresponding to the third and fourth goals of the research, interviews with graduate coordinators and former graduate coordinators of PMC that reached concepts of 4 and/or 5 in the 2010-2012 triennial evaluation of Capes, were conducted. From the results, it was possible to reflect on the elements that comprise the system, the dimensions, allowing for adjustments in its configuration. Thus, five macro procedural dimensions: legal, social, political, economic and legitimacy; and four micro procedural dimensions: learning environment, theoretical, methodological and technological knowledge, professional experience and reflective practice; have been characterized. The existence of an institutional environment that influences the macro and micro procedural dimensions that needs to be observed by those who conduct the PMC has also been found. Thus, the learning system marked by the experiential approach and influenced by an institutional environment, as well as the training process marked by experiential learning, constitute the theoretical contribution of this thesis. Managers and PMC teachers will be able to reflect on the proposed learning system and this, in turn, may be able to assist them in the development of new PMC, or even to assist existing ones in finding their differentiation from academic master's courses (AMC), to improve its training process through the reworking of their curricula, as well as the change in training processes for more efficient use of student experience and the development of a reflective practice; aspects that reveal the practical contribution of this thesis. It also features a social contribution, since the study enabled the development of management skills aimed at social interests, contributing effectively to the concentration area of the Doctorate in Management of the PPGA/UFPB. Thus, from the proposed learning system it is possible to institutionalize a process of natural training in PMC, which contributes on the framing of an identity for these courses.

The present study aimed to characterize the vulnerability experiences lived in consumer relations directed to the children of female single parents. In order to do so, the main theoretical aspects related to the discipline of marketing and society, consumer vulnerability, contemporary families and consumption, and divorce and its effect on household consumption were addressed. The combination of those theoretical aspects shaped the conceptual research model. The methodological decisions focused on the representation of a qualitative approach, made possible by individual semi-structured face-to-face interviews conducted with audio recording. In total, fifteen divorced mothers of children up to twelve years or children older than twelve, but that at the time of divorce found themselves in that particular age has been conveniently invited and interviewed in 2015, in places previously established according to their preferences. The transcript of the interviews and the content analysis technique presented therefore three categories for assessment, which aimed, respectively, to recognize the general aspects of the divorce process and the characteristics of the nuclear family consumption versus the consumption of female single-parent family, and also to characterize the vulnerability exploited in context. The results indicate that the vulnerability in this context is due to: reduction of paternal involvement in family income, the consumption deprivation caused by the new financial conditions of the mother, the conflicts between the former spouses and family, and the characteristics and individual states such as competion, materialism, anger, jealousy and shame caused by the dependence on third parties.

The purpose of this research was to understand the consumer behavior of visually impaired people in consuming educational services during elementary school, aiming to develop initiatives to mitigate its vulnerability as consumer. The ethnographic research, developed in a NGO, which is engaged in the education of students with visual impairment in João Pessoa /PB, was preceded by a review of literature about the Transformative Consumer Research, the Consumer Vulnerability and the performance of visually impaired people as consumers with emphasis on the consumption of educational services. The data were collected through 17 narrative interviews with elementary school students supported by this institution, six in-depth interviews with managers and teachers of the NGO Lar, five interviews with relatives of these students, and seven months of participant observation inside the institution. The results of the research indicate that the schoolmates, teachers, school managers and NGOs that work with visually impaired people interfere directly in the consumption behavior of the subjects, being able to contribute or inhibit the subjective well-being of the students. In addition, the powerlessness before unfair taxes, the lack of open positions in public or private schools and the lack of adequate teaching materials are characteristics of the investigated context that accentuate the vulnerability state of respondents. Starting the debate in Marketing of educational services in elementary school and developing this research on the fundamentals of Transformative Consumer Research can be considered theoretical contributions of this study, which also has practical contributions to civil society organizations from Joao Pessoa.

This study aimed to analyze the scenario of performance and engagement for the animal cause in the city of João Pessoa, taking into consideration the role of marketing in the context of social organizations. A literature review enabled us to explore marketing topics applied to NGOs, focusing on activities aimed at animal causes, understanding factors and its dimensions that relate to the relevant attitudes in this study (donation of money, donation of time and pet adoption) and allowed formulation of nine hypotheses for empirical verification. These relationships were statistically tested, both globally and by data collection context, through linear models. Our main observations were: Having a positive perception of life experiences related to animals and socializing with people engaged in the cause predisposes people to donate time and adopt animals; Perceive your own collaboration and the role of NGOs as effective in promoting the well-being of animals predisposes people to donate money and time to the animal cause; Perceive your contribution to the cause as a moral duty predisposes people to donate money, time and adopt animals; Recognizing the right of animals to live in dignity, free from abuse and neglect, predisposes people to donate money and time, to some extent, to the animal cause. This study contributes to marketing management practices in social organizations devoted to animal causes and raises the discussion around the subject for social organizations in Brazil. Thus, collaborating with including the animal cause as an important social issue for discussion in the academic context.

The bottom of the pyramid market has attracted the attention of companies looking to expand their profit margins and gain competitive advantage. As this is a market with specific characteristics and needs, to innovate and meet these consumers it is necessary for companies to establish innovative strategies favorable to achieve success in this market. Moreover, the internal and external environment organizations has elements that can enable the innovation process, and consequently, the implementation of innovative strategies. In this sense, the objective of this research was to analyze how Brazilian companies have developed innovations in products for the base of the pyramid. Specifically, we sought to investigate the innovations introduced in the market to meet the bottom of the pyramid, describe the innovation strategies used and identify enablers of innovation to the base of the pyramid. A multiple case study as a methodological strategy was used, approaching three companies that direct products to this public. Data were collected by means of semi-structured interviews, direct observations and information obtained on the website for businesses, and others related to them and their innovations. Each case was held at first individually then crosses, based on the relevant categories to specific research objectives. The results showed that, to meet the bottom of the pyramid of consumers, enterprises have developed innovations in products, innovation processes and innovation in marketing, where such innovations are considered as new market disruptive. Multiple innovative strategies have been used for the implementation of innovations in the bottom of the pyramid market by the three companies, including the principal were like: market-based and exploitative. Among the enablers of innovation, the economy, the creation of knowledge and learning, and the recognition of the value and need for innovation were the most prevalent to facilitate the success of innovation for companies. It was concluded that the reality of the Brazilian market, to have a product innovation to the base of the pyramid it is necessary to perform other innovations, is to create this new product in the case of process innovation, is to support the implementation of this product on the market, by means of a marketing innovation; that innovation strategies used together contribute to organizations to achieve their innovative goals; and even acting in different sectors there is correspondence between the enablers of innovation of the companies analyzed.

The intellectual property protection ensures the ownership and rights to creators and other producers of intellectual goods and services in what concerns to the elements of knowledge and information. The geographical indication, is a constituent part of the intellectual property rights, it protects goods or services with characteristics attributed to their geographical origin, such as reputation, quality and tradition. The main goal of this work was to verify the perception of the Brejo Paraibano cachaça producers with regard to obtaining the geographical indication seal. The case study methodology was applied to achieve the goal. The research data was collected and analyzed through qualitative research techniques, such as interviews and documentary analysis. The research targeted the producers of cachaça from the Brejo Paraibano micro region. The methodological instrument used in the data analysis process was the content analysis in three chronological poles: pre-analysis; exploration of the material; treatment of the results, inference and interpretation. With regard to the results, it was possible to verify that the researched sugar cane mills produce cachaça in the traditional way, preserving its identity, even when seeking modernization through technology. The producers highlight this identity and claim that consumers attribute quality to the product as a result of belonging to that specific territory. The producers also mention that there is a differential for the characteristics peculiar to the region. It was clearly observed the producers interest in obtaining the geographical indication seal to add value to the product and to strengthen the whole sector. Even though the producers do not possess an in-depth knowledge about the topic, they believe that the Brejo Paraibano micro Region has the necessary attributes for recognition. In order to achieve that, it is essential that producers and actors involved in the process cooperate with each other. However, the region's culture is not favorable to cooperation, being necessary a process to raise awareness among producers. Finally, the study aimed to contribute to the enrichment, enhancement and dissemination of the geographical indication theme in Brazil, with the intention to contribute to the protection of regional culture and tradition.

This study aimed to understand the perception of managers of technology-based companies (TBCs) about creativity and its implications for the development of managerial competencies. To this end, the following specific objectives have been defined: a) characterize the meaning of creativity in the perception of the TBCs managers; b) identify the role of creativity in the context of professional performance of TBCs managers; c) identify managerial competencies of TBCs linked to creativity and; d) verify the implications of creative thinking and technological environment in the development of managerial competencies in TBCs. The Literature review was structured by creativity, which involves the creative environment, creative work and creative management; managerial competencies, technology-based companies and their characterization. The research qualifies as a qualitative approach and was held with managers of companies of technological basis, participants of technology incubator of Campina Grande-PB, in a total of 9 (nine) respondents linked to 8 companies. The interviews were transcribed, categorized and interpreted through content analysis. The categorization of the data process enabled the delimitation of the following dimensions: creativity in the perception of TBCs managers, the role of creativity in the context of managerial TBCs, the link between managerial competencies and creativity in TBCs and implications of creative thinking and technological environment in the development of managerial compettencies. The survey results revealed that managers perceive a significant link between creativity and innovation, being nearly inseparable. In this perspective, creative actions are associated with both the product development as the changes in organizational processes. The findings still indicate some factors that foster creativity through internal and external stimulus and that demand of managers to have an open mind to obtain insights and being able to generate ideas and promote company creative solutions. In addition, the results point to creativity as essential in the context of managerial action, as it allows the managers to develop innovative actions to enhance the company's competitiveness, facilitating both the interpersonal relationship, conflict management and expectations among stakeholders as to its ability to take advantage of new business opportunities and open up new horizons for the company. All these aspects associated with managerial resilience that the managers develop through the dynamic environment in which its companies operate and require of their managers the notion of constant learning, essential to develop managerial competencies aligned to creativity to cope with the hardships inherent in the tech industry. Some creative experiments were also mentioned carried out within the participating companies, which enabled the practical visualization of actions considered simple, but that can be the difference wich the market and customers were waiting to see value in the company. Besides, it is believed that this work can to broaden the discussion about a relatively new phenomenon in the study of management - creativity - and their implications in dynamic work environments. The reflections still suggest raising the optimisation of human capital in these contexts, which can be result of a generation that prioritizes flexibility, recognition and quality of life.

Dans une perspective mythique nous avons dévéloppé dans cette recherche un chemin possible pour l’interpretation et l’analyse littéraire de la personnage heroïque Anna-Maria dans l’oeuvre Les fantômes du Brésil (2006) de Florent Couao-Zotti en établissant une relation entre mythique, nature et sacré bienque sa relevance dans l’expérience du mythe cosmogonique. Pour cela, nous nous avons appuyé sur la théorie du héros décrite par Joseph Campbell dans son livre La trajectoire du héros (2003) et sur la phylosophie du sacré du phylosophe Mircea Eliade dans ses livres Le sacré et le profane (2011a) et Mythe et réalité (2011b) dont nous avons décrit les aspects importants pour notre recherche. Dans ce travail nous avons également realisé une étude sur le contexte actuel du continent Africain, sa période coloniale et post-coloniale, et sur l’histoire de la littérature Africaine dans la période post-coloniale et nous avons réfléchit sur les concepts de images et de mirages d’après RIESZ. Nous avons aussi présenté les éléments de la narrative qui construisent la personnage Anna-Maria en tant que heroïne d’après la théorie de Campbell et nous avons identifié la mythique insérée dans l’oeuvre en l’analysant et en revélant ainsi l’essence de l’amour presente dans l’oeuvre.