RCAAP Repository

Cumulative data on mineral composition of the various organs have shown that passion fruit is particularly demanding with regards to both N and K, less so with respect to Ca and even less concerning P, Mg and S. Micronutrients are required in the following decreasing order: Fe, B, Mn, Zn, Cu and Mo.

The experiments described in this contribution had the following goals: (1) to assess the effect of mineral deficiencies on early growth and mineral composition of the several plant organs; (2) to obtain analytical data which would permit to distinguish between healthy and deficient plants. The following conclusion seems to be valid: 1 - growth was affect primarily by the deficiences of N, S and Ca, whereas the lack of P, K and Mg had less efect. 2 - The following leaf values seem to indicate adequate levels: N - 4,44%; P - 0,16%; K - 2,07%; Ca - 1,22%; S - 1,10%; Mg - 0,58%. 3 - The nutritional status of the plants seems to be best revealed in the following organs: leaves of the mature stem: N, P, S, Mg; leaves of the developing stem: Ca; new vines: K.

The present research was set out under field conditions in Botucatu county, São Paulo, Brazil, with a Cf.b. type of climate and a Paleudalf soil. The purpose was to study N, P, K.. Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, and Zn uptake by the plants. Collected data showed that nutrient uptake increased during first year of growth, reaching its maximum in the 12 th month. During the first year growth, the nutrient uptake by the aerial parts of plant had the following order: N 66.7g; K - 62.8g; Ca - 24.8g; Mg - 10.3g; S - 7.3g; P-6,3g; Fe - 229.8mg; Mn - 149.lmg; Zn - 79.7mg; B - 74.2mg; Cu-20.0 mg; Mo - 0.15mg.

Verificou-se, em condições de casa de vegetação, o efeito de fitoreguladores no desenvolvimento da soja (Glycine max cv. Davis). Aplicou-se por pulverização, 21 dias após a semeadura, cloreto (2-cloroetil) trimetilamônio (CCC) 2000 ppm ácido succínico-2,2-dimetilhidrazida (SADH) 4000 ppm, ácido giberélico (GA) 100 ppm, ácido indolilacético (IAA) 100 ppm, além do controle. Realizaram-se determinações semanais da altura da planta, número total de folhas, número de folhas na haste principal, número de folhas nas hastes secundárias e diâmetro do caule. Utilizou-se delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 6 repetições e procedeu-se a comparação de médias pelo teste Tukey (5%). Plantas tratadas com GA mostraram

This study was conducted with the objective of determining the effects of growth regulators on internode growth in soybean under greenhouse conditions. Plants 21 days after sowing were sprayed with (2-chloroethyl) trimethylammonium chloride (CCC) 2,000 ppm, succinic acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide (SADH) 4,000 ppm, gibberellic acid (GA) 100 ppm, indolyl-acetic acid (IAA) 100 ppm, and water as check treatment. GA increased the number of internodes in the plant. The length of the second internode was not affected by treatments. SADH reduced and GA increased the length of the fourth internode.

This work had the purpose of studying some aspects of the mineral nutrition of the bean plant (Phaseolus vulgaris L., var. Carioca) checking the effects of the ommission of macronutrients and also B and Fe and the excesses of Al and Mn. Some changes in heigth of the plants and the number of leaves, yield of dry matter and mineral composition of leaves and roots were observed. To check the effects of ommission of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe and B, and excesses of Mn and Al, bean plants were grown in controlled conditions. The harvest was done when the induced symptoms were well established. From the obtained data, it is concluded that: 1. Ca was the element that, when missing, had the major depressive effect on heigth of the plants, number of leaves, and dry matter weight. 2. It is possible to induce symptoms of mineral deficiencies, and excesses in the bean plant if it is grown in the nutrient solution in the absence or excess of some elements. 3. Dry matter production was affected by treatments in the following increasing order: complete, - S, - K, + Al, -B, + Mn. - Mg, - Fe, - P, - N and - Ca. 4. The main interactions among the leaf elements, detected through this trial were: K x Ca x Mg, Fe x Mn. 5. The absence of an elements causes a decrease of its content in the leaves, when compared to the complete treatment.

Foi conduzido um experimento a fim de estudar, comparativamente, o efeito da uréia coberta com enxofre (SCU) e uréia não coberta sobre a perda de nitrogênio (N-NH+4 + N-NO-3) por lixiviaçao em um Latossol Roxo que ocorre sob vegetação de cerrado no Município de Botucatu, SP-Brasil, bem como a influência de doses destes fertilizantes e do pH do solo. Verificou-se que SCU reduziu as perdas de nitrogênio, através do processo de lixiação, apresentando lenta liberação do elemento. O efeito das doses refletiu-se nas perdas por lixiviaçao com uma maior perda para a dose mais elevada (120 kg n/ ha). Houve influência do pH ocorrendo maiores perdas de N para o valor mais elenado, ou seja, no pH 6,5, para ambos os tipos de uréia, verificando-se também que o pH não influiu na liberação do N retido no grânulo de SCU.

Fourteen Leptus sp. larvae were collected from honeybees, Apis mellifera L., attached to the intersegmental membranes of abdominal tergites and sternites. Their single eye, triangular scutum and flasked shaped chelicerae identify them as a Leptus sp. No information on damages was provided by the collector, Ing. Pedro Alcalá C, Cerro de Pasco, Peru. Eight females of Blattisoaius dentritiaus (Berlese, 1918) were collected from honey bee hives together with Tyrophagus putresaentiae (Schrank, 1781), by J. Achata, in Lima, Peru. The mites are probably scavengers and/or predators on T. putresaentiae.

Relata-se o paralelo existente entre a ocorrência do complexo Jatropha gossypifolia L. - Tetranychus bastosi Tuttle, Baker & Sales no Nordeste e do complexo Ricinus communis L. -Tetranychus desertorum Banks / T. ludeni Zacher no Sudeste, em áreas depredadas pelo homem.

This paper deals with chemical control of Phyllocoiptruta oleivora on mature orange trees. All pesticides used were granular systemics. The application consisted of two parallel lines into the soil per tree. Treatments and active ingredients per tree were as follows: A) phenamiphos, 4g; B) carbofuran, 5g; C) phenamiphos, 7g; D) oxamyl, 5g; E) aldicarb, 4g; F) carbofuran,2.5g; G) isazophos, 5g; H) aldicarb, 2g; I) oxamyl, 8g; J) check. The most efficient were aldicarb (4g i.a. per tree), aldicarb (2g i.a.), and oxamyl (8g i.a.) (Tables 1 and 2). Counts of the mite numbers were made 1 day before and 8, 33, 45 and 60 days after the application (Table 2).

De sete cultivares de aboboreiras rasteiras, pertencentes à espécie Cucurbita moschata Duch., duas morangueiras e duas mogangueiras, da espécie Cucurbita maxima Duch., uma aboboreira nao rasteira e uma morangueira pertencente a Cucurbita pepo L., elaborou-se chaves analíticas para determina-los, fundamentando-se nos caracteres morfológicos do caule e das folhas.

Three soybean varieties, IAC-2; UFV-1 and Viçoja, were grown in nutrient solution in the presence of both several levels of CI-(as NaCl and KCl) and two Ca+ concentrations (supplied as calcium sulphate). The following main conclusions were drawn: 1) Cl- toxicity, higher when accompanying iom was K+, affected yield formation more than vegetative growth; 2) there were differences in response among the three cultivars, Viçoja being relatively more tolerant; 3) raising the calcium level in the medium contributed to diminish the harmful effect due to excess cloride.

This study was conducted with the objective of determing the effects of growth regulators on flowering and productivity of soybean plant under greenhouse conditions. Applications of (2-chloroethyl) trimethylammonium chloride (CCC) 2,000 ppm, succinic acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide (SADH) 4,000 ppm, gibberellic acid (GA) 100 ppm, indolylacetic acid (IAA) 100 ppm, and water (check treatment) were made on plants showing 4 leaves. SADH delayed the beginning of flowering. GA reduced time for maximum flowering. SADH reduced the flowering time in relation to the check treatment. Soybean plants treated with SADH produced a lower number of pods. 'Davis' soybean sprayed with GA presented an increase in dry weight of stems.

This research deals with the effects of exogenous growth regulators on leaf osmotic potential of 'Davis' soybean. To study the influence of growth substances on osmotic potential (2-chloroethyl) trimethylammonium chloride (CCC) at concentration of 2,000 ppm, succinic acid-2,2-dimethylhydra-zide (SADH) 4,000 ppm, gibberellic acid (GA) 100 ppm, and indolylacetic acid acid (IAA) 100 ppm were applied. The leaf osmotic potential established every day during three days showed that plants treated with SADH presented lower (negative) osmotic potential.

This research deals with the effects of exogenous growth regulators on contents of soluble carbohydrates, sucrose, glucose, fructose and phenolic contents in soybean leaves. To study the influence of the chemicals, soybean plants with four leaves were sprayed with (2-chloroethyl) trimethylammonium chloride (CCC) at concentration of 2,000 ppm, succinic acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide (SADH) 4,000 ppm, gibberellic acid (GA) 100 ppm, indolylacetic acid (IAA) 100 ppm, and water as check treatment. Chemical analysis showed that CCC reduced soluble carbohydrate and sucrose contents in soybean leaves. The growth regulators did not affect glucose, and phenolic compound levels in soybean plant leaves.

Thirty wheat cultivars were evaluated by means of cultures in nutritive solutions containing 0.0. (check), 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 ppm of Al, under greenhouse conditions. After 12 days in the nutritive solutions, the length and dry matter weight of roots, as well as dry matter weight, of aerial parts were measured. Considering as 100% the data estimated from the check treatments, the Al concentrations needed to produce 80% of dry matter (roots and aerial parts) and root length were calculated through regression equations. According to the results, 4 groups of tolerance were established.

Thyrty wheat cultivars were evaluated by means of culture in nutritive solutions containing 0.0, 8.0, 16.0, 24.0 e 32.0 ppm of Mn, under greenhouse conditions. After 17 days in the nutritive solutions, the dry matter weight of roots and aerial parts were measured. When the analysis of variance was signficant, the study of the regression equations for each parameter and cultivars showed CNTl and Frontana as sucetible, Sonora 63 and Maringá slightly suscetible, being the others (26) tolerant.

This study was made to detect possible inter-relations among Al concentrations or tolerance, and P, Ca and Mg concentrations in the aerial parts of 10 wheat cultivar, showing differential tolerance to Al, and growing in nutritive solutions containing 0.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 ppmof Al, under greenhouse conditions. The results showed no relationship among P, Ca and Mg concentrations and Al concentrations in the nutritive solutions and no Al tolerance degree from the cultivars.

This study was made to detect possible inter-relations among Mn concentrations or tolerance, and P, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and Ca, Fe and Mn, concentrations, respectively in the aerial parts and roots of wheat seedlings. The concentrations were determined in 6 wheat cultivars showing differential tolerance to Mn and growing in nutritive solutions containing 0, 8, 16, 24 and 32 ppm of Mn, under greenhouse conditions. The results showed no relationship among Mn concentrations or Mn tolerance and the concentrations of P, Ca, Mg,Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu, neither in the aerial parts nor in the roots.

The influence of Al, Mn and differential tolerance to those elements in the Ca uptake were studied on excised roots of wheat seedlings, using Michaelis - Menten kinetics. Test cultivars were Sonora 63C, Yecora and IAS 63, respectively, suscetible, intermediate and tolerant to Al, and CNT1, Sonora 63C and IAS 55, respectively, suscetible, intermediate and tolerant to Mn. Labelled 45Ca solutions of CaCl2 ranged 5x1O-6M to 2.56x1O-3M. Solutions of AlCl3 and Mn Cl2 were 10-4M. a) The results showed evidence of two mechanisms on Ca uptake: one operating in the range of 5x10 M to 8x10-5 M (I) and other in the range of 1,6 x 10-4M to 2.56 x 10-3M (II). b) In the range I, Al and Mn inhibited Ca uptake.Range II may inhibit or stimulate Ca uptake, according to the test cultivar. c) In the absence of Al and Mn, cultivars showed intrinsic differences in Ca uptake in range II. Evidences for such differences were not conspicuous in range I. d) In the presence of Al, the Ca uptake was not related to Al tolerance in range I but it was in range II. e) In the presence of Mn, cultivars showed intrinsic differences on Ca uptake on both range I and II. Although, in range II, such differences were not related to Mn tolerance.