RCAAP Repository

OBJETIVO: Determinar os resultados em longo prazo da valvoplastia percutânea por balão em uma instituição isolada. MÉTODOS: Estudados 189 pacientes com estenose valvar pulmonar submetidos a valvoplastia percutânea por balão, entre 1984-1996, com idade média de 7,97±9,25 anos, classificando-se como bem sucedida, a redução do gradiente VD-AP em níveis < 36mmHg e reestenose gradientes > 36mmHg após procedimento eficaz. RESULTADOS: Após o término do procedimento, o gradiente pico a pico transvalvar reduziu-se de 70,12±30,06 para 25,11±20,23 mmHg (p<0,001). Obtiveram sucesso imediato 148 (78,72%) pacientes. Houve redução posterior do gradiente para valores < 36mmHg em outros 24 pacientes categorizados sem sucesso no grupo. Assim a valvoplastia percutânea por balão foi considerada efetiva em 172 (91,01%) pacientes. A efetividade aumentou para 93,53% (159/170) nos casos de morfologia típica. O tempo de seguimento foi de 4,39±3anos até o período máximo de 13,01 anos. Observou-se reestenose em 24 (13,95%). A presença de regurgitação pulmonar foi detectada em 95,1% dos pacientes, sendo que em 29,5% com grau maior do que leve. A probabilidade de se manter um resultado adequado, até qualquer ponto no tempo, sem a ocorrência de reestenose, foi de 92,29% em 2 anos, de 87,38 % em 5 anos, de 82,46% em 8 anos e de 64,48% em 10 anos. CONCLUSÃO: A valvoplastia percutânea por balão foi efetiva e segura no tratamento da estenose valvar pulmonar com excelentes resultados imediatos e a longo prazo.

OBJETIVO: Comparar, clinica e laboratorialmente, três grupos de pacientes submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico da insuficiência mitral crônica isolada; um grupo submetido à plástica valvar e dois à troca da valva mitral com diferentes técnicas de preservação das cordas. MÉTODOS: Operados 28 pacientes com idade média de 54,1 anos, sem doença coronariana, multivalvar ou reoperações: 9 tiveram plástica valvar, 10 troca valvar mitral com preservação das cordas de ambas as cúspides, e 9 apenas da cúspide posterior. Avaliações clínicas, ecodopplercardiográfica e radioisotópica foram realizadas até o 6º mês de seguimento. RESULTADOS: Ao final, 88,8% encontravam-se em classe funcional I. Um faleceu por hemorragia intracraniana durante tratamento anticoagulante. Houve queda no diâmetro diastólico (p<0,0001) e volume diastólico final do ventrículo esquerdo (p<0,0001) nos três grupos. Apenas os pacientes submetidos à plástica tiveram queda no diâmetro sistólico (p=0,0003) e no volume sistólico final (p=0,0040), sem alterações na fração de ejeção (p=0,5586). Os submetidos à troca valvar mitral tiveram queda similar na fração de ejeção (p=0,0001 e p=0,0296). CONCLUSÃO: Houve melhora clínica com as três técnicas empregadas. Os pacientes submetidos à plástica valvar tiveram melhor preservação da função ventricular. Não houve diferença significativa no desempenho cardíaco entre os dois grupos submetidos à troca valvar mitral com preservação das cordas até o 6º mês de seguimento.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a associação entre a evolução do desempenho cognitivo e o prognóstico de idosos após compensação de insuficiência cardíaca avançada. MÉTODOS: Selecionados, consecutivamente, 31 pacientes internados com insuficiência cardíaca classe IV da New York Heart Association, com idade > 64 anos (68 ±7) e fração de ejeção < 0,45 (0,38 ± 0,06). Submetidos a testes cognitivos (digit span, digit symbol, letter cancellation, trail making A e B) e teste de caminhada de 6min, 4 dias antes da alta (T1) e 6 semanas após (T2), cujos desempenhos foram comparados pelo teste T. O valor prognóstico dos escores dos testes cognitivos foram analisados pela regressão logística e o valor de maior acurácia dos testes associado com o prognóstico determinado pela ROC curve. RESULTADOS: Após 24,7 meses, 17 (55%) pacientes faleceram. Os desempenhos ao teste de caminhada e maioria dos testes cognitivos melhoraram entre T1 e T2. O escore do digit span entre os sobreviventes variou de 3,9 para 5,2 (p=0,003), permanecendo inalterado entre os que faleceram (4,1para 3,9; p=0,496). Melhora < 0,75 pontos no escore foi associada à mortalidade (risco relativo de 8,1; p=0,011). CONCLUSÃO: Em idosos, após a compensação de insuficiência cardíaca avançada, a ausência de melhora evolutiva do desempenho cognitivo foi associada a pior prognóstico.

Abstract The present study provided information extending the known geographical distribution of the calappid crab Cryptosoma balguerii (Desbonne in Desbonne and Schramm, 1867). We provide new data that extends the range of this species in the western Atlantic farther to the south in the Brazilian region, State of São Paulo and check its identification by molecular tools within Cryptosoma and other calappid crabs. New records of marine species provide a baseline for a better understanding of the biodiversity of ecological provinces. This work is an example of the importance of an exhaustive and continuous investigation on the biodiversity of subtidal rocky bottoms.

Abstract Longevity information was collected from 219 literature sources for 244 decapod crustaceans, representing 1.7% of species, 4.8% of genera and 30% of families. Reliable methods of age determination (laboratory rearing, mark-recapture method, growth models, lipofuscin method) revealed longevities from 0.1 to 72 years, corresponding to a 700-fold difference between the shortest and longest lived species. The mean longevity of the species included in this article is 7.1 years (SD=10.18; CV=142.9%); 61.1% of the species live less than 5 years, 29.5% live between 5 and 20 years, and 9.4% live longer than 20 years. The basal Dendrobranchiata have a mean longevity of only 2.1 years whereas the Achelata have a mean longevity of 27.2 years. The oldest decapod aged with a direct method is a hermit crab that was reared in captivity for more than 42 years. The particularly long-lived species belong to different families of the infraorders Achelata, Astacidea, Anomura and Brachyura. Average longevity is highest in semiterrestrial and terrestrial habitats (13.0 years), followed by freshwater (7.2 years) and marine and brackish waters (6.0 years). The deep sea, polar waters, freshwater caves and terrestrial environments apparently promote the evolution of high life spans.

Abstract The present study was conducted to examine the occurrence and distribution of early juvenile land hermit crabs of the genus Coenobita on a small beach on the Boso Peninsula, Japan as a basis for understanding the important habitats that land hermit crabs use during the sea-to-land transition. The survey sites were supratidal zones at six points with heterogeneous topography, and visual surveys for early juveniles were conducted from middle July to late October in 2015 and 2016. The number of empty gastropod shells in four quadrats along the intertidal zone at each point was also counted in the 2016 survey. The occurrence of early juveniles varied among survey points and was spatially stable for two successive years. The first appearance and abundance of early juveniles varied among survey years. Early juveniles were abundant at points with a gravel bottom throughout the intertidal zone, and empty gastropod shells were also abundant at these points. The abundance of early juveniles was highly correlated with the amount of empty gastropod shells. Thus, our surveys suggested the importance of the sediment types and abundance of empty gastropod shells in the intertidal zones for settlement and landing by land hermit crabs.

Abstract We present a documentation of the morphological details of two larval stages of mantis shrimps. Documentation was done using the autofluorescence capacities of the cuticle. This is the first time that morphological details of late mantis shrimp larvae are documented in great detail via photography, including all parts of the body up to the proximal elements of the appendages, and not presented as line drawings; it is the second time for mantis shrimp larvae in general. The description is presented as a standardized descriptive matrix. Documentation and description style are adjusted to facilitate comparison with fossil representatives of mantis shrimps, but also their extant counterparts, as well as specimens in the wider framework of Malacostraca and Eucrustacea. Through an exemplary comparison with fossil mantis shrimps, we provide indications about the early evolutionary history of the group. Through an out-group comparison, we identify several possible evolutionary changes of developmental timing, i.e., heterochrony, which could explain some morphological specialisations of mantis shrimps.

Abstract We estimated the growth parameters of the spider crab, Libinia ferreirae (age, asymptotic size and growth rate) using the von Bertalanffy growth equation model. We obtained nine cohorts for female carapace asymptotic width (CW∞) = 64.32 mm, growth coefficient (day-1) (k) = 0.0027 e t0= 0.77 days) and seven for males (CW∞ = 81.93 mm, k= 0.0021 e t0= 0.49 days). The longevity for males was higher than that for females, estimated 2,156 days (5.91 years) and 1,706 days (4.68 years), respectively. The growth curves for males and females differed (F = 34.67 e p < 0.001). Males reached gonadal maturity before morphometric maturity and occurred at 8.8 and 16.6 months of life, respectively. Females reach gonad and morphometric maturity synchronously and this was estimated to occur at about 11.42 months of life. These crabs invest a great amount of energy in growth during a brief period of their development until reaching the terminal moult. This growth strategy would bring less wear to the organism and consequently a greater longevity.

Abstract Seaweed aggregates form secondary substrates on rocky shores, providing habitats for phytal organisms such as the spider crab Epialtus brasiliensis Dana, 1852. This species is one of the most abundant macroinvertebrate component from seaweed communities. Although the literature suggests that E. brasiliensis lives in many species of seaweed, their density has only been reported in communities of Sargassum spp. This study assessed the density of the spider crab E. brasiliensis associated with the seaweed Sargassum cymosum Agardh, 1820, Hypnea musciformis (Wulfen) Lamouroux and Acanthophora spicifera (Vahl) Borgesen. We expected to observe a higher density of E. brasiliensis in S. cymosum, which shows greater morphological complexity, followed by H. musciformis, with intermediate complexity, and then by A. spicifera, with low complexity. We found that the density of these crabs can be as abundant in H. musciformis as has been previously reported for S. cymosum, but in both species, the density was higher than in A. spicifera. Overall, our findings improve the knowledge of the phytal habitats used by E. brasiliensis in rocky shore environments.

Abstract Two species of Oniscidea are recorded for the state of Paraíba for the first time. Cubaris murina Brandt, 1833 from Campina Grande and Cabaceiras and Porcellionides pruinosus (Brandt, 1833) from Campina Grande. Moreover, Alloniscus buckupi Campos-Filho & Cardoso, 2018 and Atlantoscia floridana (Van Name, 1940) have their distribution extended, and a short discussion about the record of A. buckupi in a semiarid area is provided.

Abstract Novorostrum decorocrus Osawa, 1998, so far only known from its type locality, Iriomote Island, Ryukyu Islands, southern Japan, is herein recorded from much farther south, Ambon Island, Indonesia. Males and females of N. decorocrus differ from each other in some morphological traits and their morphological differences are also discussed and illustrated. The female of N. decorocrus is illustrated for the first time. The present record of N. decorocrus from Indonesia lends empirical support to a previous proposition, based on the duration of 12-14 days of the planktonic period of the zoeal phase, that the distribution range of N. decorocrus could possibly be wider than known at that time.

ABSTRACT This study investigated the population dynamics of Persephona punctata with emphasis on population structure, sex-ratio, spatial distribution, maturity and reproductive period. Crabs and environmental factors (i.e., water temperature and salinity, and sediment texture and organic matter content) were collected monthly, from July 2012 to June 2014 in four sites within the Federal Environmental Protection Area of Cananéia-Iguape-Peruíbe: located in the oceanic area adjacent to the Cananéia region. The population had a female-biased sex-ratio. Persephona punctata had a seasonal reproduction and the higher percentage of ovigerous females (OF) occurred in spring and summer. There was a positive correlation (“lag 0”) between temperature and number of OF (cross-correlation, p < 0.05) and a negative correlation between salinity and OF (“lag-2”), suggesting that periods of higher salinity may be favorable to larval hatching. The estimated size (carapace width - CW50) at the onset of gonadal maturity of males (35.0 mm) was larger than that of females (30.1 mm), which is a common feature of Brachyura. Our results extend the knowledge on the life history of P. punctata and may be useful for the development of future mitigation measures aimed at its conservation.

ABSTRACT Shrimp trawling is an important socioeconomic activity but catches a large number of non-target species, including Hepatus pudibundus. This study aimed at assessing the population structure of H. pudibundus, analyzing its sex ratio, length distribution, size at first morphological maturity and biometric relationships, and identifying latitudinal patterns. Four samples of 6 kg (shrimps plus by-catch) were monthly collected in March/2015-May/2016 in Pirambu, Sergipe. Carapace width (CW) and length (LC), and total weight (TW, g) were measured. Sex and stage of morphological maturity were defined. A total of 240 individuals wes collected from all samples and the sex ratio did not differ from 1:1. This was observed in low latitudes, but females dominated in higher latitudes. The carapace width was 20.8-60.1 mm for females and 19.1-60.8 mm CW for males. Larger sizes were observed in higher latitudes. The estimated carapace width-length relationships for females and males were not significantly different (CL=0.6764+0.7390∙CW; sex grouped). The estimated weight-length relationship was TW=0.0004∙CW2.8568 for females and TW=0.0001∙CW3.1225 for males. When compared with previous studies carried out throughout the Brazilian coast, slope values (b) for weight-length relationships were higher for males. The length at first morphological maturity for females and males was 28.9 and 29.6 mm, respectively, the lowest ever recorded for this species, reflecting the occurrence of smaller sizes in lower latitudes. These results are the first obtained for northeastern Brazil.

Abstract The monotypic xanthid crab genus Pulcratis Ng and Huang, 1997, previously known only from the South China Sea, is recorded for the first time in the Indian Ocean. The new material was collected by commercial trawlers fishing off the coast of Tamil Nadu state, in southeastern India, and represents a new species, herein described. Pulcratis amabilis n. sp. is similar to the only other congener and type species, P. reticulatus Ng and Huang, 1997, in the general form and fresh coloration, but differs mainly in the outline of the carapace, and morphology of the chelipeds, and the male pleon and gonopods. The subfamilial classification of Pulcratis within Xanthidae is also discussed.

Abstract We estimated the growth patterns, age at the onset of sexual maturity, longevity, and natural mortality of the snapping shrimp Alpheus brasileiro Anker, 2012. The sampling occurred monthly from April 2015 to March 2016 in the estuarine intertidal zone of Cananéia, São Paulo, Brazil. To estimate the growth parameters, all cohorts were adjusted to the Bertalanffy growth model. Longevity was estimated by the inverse growth equation. Natural mortality was calculated following the decrease in abundance over time of each cohort. We obtained the following estimates: CL∞ = 9.49 mm, k = 0.0077 day-1 (1.64 year-1), t0 = - 0.7628 for males, and CL∞ = 9.31 mm, k = 0.0095 day-1 (1.32 year-1), t0 = 0.0374 for females. The estimated age at the onset of morphological sexual maturity was 94 and 74 days for males and females, respectively. Females take 89 days to reach functional maturity, and have a higher mortality (4.35 year-1) than males (3.67 year-1). We rejected the hypothesis that males and females of A. brasileiro have the same growth patterns, longevity, mortality and, reaches sexual maturity at the same age. Our results suggest that physiological aspects and energy allocation strategies modulate the growth, longevity, and mortality of these snapping shrimps.

Abstract In this study we evaluated the effects of changes in salinity, temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen on the spatiotemporal variation of zooplankton. Samples were collected in January−March, May; October−December 2010; and January−March 2011 in the Araruama lagoon, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. There were eight fixed stations sampled using a WP2 net equipped with a flow meter. The zooplankton diversity of the Araruama lagoon was low and dominated by Cirripedia larvae and by the copepod Acartia tonsa, which is an indicator species of eutrophication. In general, a few species from the Cabo Frio region were able to adapt to the conditions of this hypersaline lagoon. In addition, a specimen of Monstrilla bahiana (Monstrilloidae) was found at a salinity of 46‰. This is the first record of the order Monstrilloida in the region of Cabo Frio. Temperature, salinity and pH were shown to be limiting factors for the species present in the lagoon since Cirripedia seemed to avoid releasing their larvae under unfavorable environmental conditions. The abundance of A. tonsa was always associated with that of Cirripedia larvae, and it was higher at cooler temperatures.

Abstract A new species of smooth clam shrimp (Branchiopoda: Laevicaudata) from Mongolia and China is described here based on both morphological and genetic differences. The new species, Lynceus grossipedia n. sp., has unique features, including asymmetrically modified male thoracopods (left side thoracopods III-VI), male claspers “movable finger” (=endopod) with delicate setation, and broad, bicarinate male and female rostrum. Lynceus grossipedia n. sp. is compared with the genera Paralimnetis Gurney, 1931 and Lynceiopsis Daday, 1912 and a recently described Lynceus Müller, 1776 from China, also showing modified male thoracopods. Lynceus mandsuricus Daday, 1927 is declared nomen inquirendum. DNA barcoding has not previously been applied on smooth clam shrimp taxonomy, so we generated new cytochrome c oxidase (COX1) data for 10 Lynceus species in order to explore its usefulness for Laevicaudata. Previous Laevicaudata sequences in GenBank were scarce (~50) and biased, with 62% (n=31) being assigned to a single taxon (i.e., Lynceus macleayanus) and 28% (n=14) not assigned to species. Based on the addition of new barcoding data and the comparison with GenBank data for other clam shrimps, we conclude that distance thresholds between species (=barcoding gap) are similar for all three suborders (Spinicaudata, Cyclestherida, and Laevicaudata).

Abstract This paper describes two new species of parasitic copepods of the family Chondracanthidae H. Milne Edwards, 1840. Acanthochondria krishnai sp. n. is described from Dollfus' stargrazer, Uranoscopus guttatus Cuvier, collected from Muttom and Colachel, Tamil Nadu, and Chondracanthus kabatai sp. n. from Silvery john dory, Zenopsis conchifer Lowe, collected from Neendakara, Quilon, Kerala, both along the southwest coast of India. Both the species are described and illustrated based on the fresh female and male specimens collected from India. Both the species are the first Indian representative of the respective genera. The checklist of Indian species of the family Chondracanthidae is also presented.

Abstract Mursia spiridonovi Karasawa, 2018 known only from the western Indian Ocean, is the smallest species of the genus, measuring only 18 mm in carapace length. The species is redescribed from fresh material collected in Tamil Nadu in southern India. It is compared with similarly sized specimens of M. bicristimana Alcock and Anderson, 1894, all of which are immature. Mursia spiridonovi is characterised not only by its occurrence in shallow waters (less than 300 m depth) and small adult size but also by the prominently granular carapace and structure of the cheliped merus, male pleonal somites and gonopods.

Abstract Freshwater crayfish were previously absent in the territory stretching from the Caspian Sea basin to the Amur basin. That gap is now being filled, mainly due to the eastward invasion of the narrow-clawed crayfish Astacus leptodactylus, which has currently approached Lake Baikal. This invasion is the result of unauthorized releases. Further spread of the narrow-clawed crayfish or other crayfish species in Siberia may be expected.