RCAAP Repository

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

This work aimed to study the incorporation of ceramic residues of tiles crushed in the soilcement mixture in the manufacture of hollow blocks, justified by the amount of these wastes generated by the ceramic tile industry, with potential for recycling. This study aimed to determine a molding energy in laboratory compatible with that of the hydraulic presses of the factory. The DNER-ME 258:1994 test method compacted soils miniature equipment Mini-MCV were used , observing that it is possible to mold bodies of proof in laboratory with ASDM apparent specific dry mass compatible with that of the hollow blocks produced in the factory. Four lots of soil-cement hollow blocks were produced, whose tests allowed to choose the most appropriate mixture, the desired value of ASDM and the number of compatible blows. The ASDM of soil-cement bodies and the blocks were compared, and there was compatibility of values. To study mixtures with the RTA Recycled Tile Aggregate the optimization methodology of the volumes of materials was used in order to fill the gaps in the aggregate with compacted soil-cement. Starting from the gap indices of the aggregate containing cement and the pure aggregate the work began with two soil-cement aggregate mixtures. By projection, other mixtures resulted from these, which, after tests, allowed to select the most adequate. Using this one, hollow blocks were manufactured, whose test results met the standard with regard to strength, but not to water absorption. To reduce the absorption, a waterproofing additive, a stabilizer and an Aloe Vera extract were inserted in the mixture, whose bodies of proof tests registered values within the normative limits in 2 cases. Hollow blocks using the most favorable mix amount were produced, whose tests attended the strength requirements, but not the absorption ones. The results obtained indicate the feasibility of the methods, and that RTA can be used for manufacturing hollow blocks, although this depends on the pressing capability of the factory.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Many researches have applied the Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) technique created by Saaty (1980), in the multicriterial analysis related to management of water and environmental resources. Among these works, highlight the vulnerability analysis proposed by Ross (1994) which became a reference for many other researchers in Brazil. The use of AHP technique has gained importance in environmental studies because of its association with geographic information systems to assign different degrees of susceptibility classes to morphogenesis and pedogenesis variables on a map. What is not appear in the literature is an assessment of the influence of experience and other human conditions in the initial consideration of the technical implementation and that may incur subjectivity in the analysis. Therefore, this research proposes to apply the method of artificial neural network (ANN) as a way to refine the weights indicated by experts in the application of AHP technique and minimize the subjectivity of the analysis process. In this research the AHP technique results are ponderations ass proposed by Ross (1994), by local experts through questionnaires and the application of ANN in determining the map of environmentally vulnerable areas of the watershed Córrego do Fundo, Carmo do Paranaíba, MG (Brasil). The results allow affirming applicability of RNA's to reduce the subjectivity of the data obtained with the AHP method has relevant consistency.

Conventionally the floors mortar are composed of ground mineral aggregates that mixed with Portland cement have extensive use in large enterprises. In this work was evaluated the possibility to aplicate glass waste to replace the mineral aggregates used in the manufacture of polished floors. Samples were produced with natural aggregate, used as reference, and plates with glass waste with two types of cement. The objective was to determine the physical and mechanical performance of the offered material, allied with the recycling of glass residue. Tests were conducted of water absorption, deep abrasion and bending test. Accelerated test of alkali aggregate reaction was realized on the samples to assess the possibility of alkali-silica reaction. Posteriorly, we realized analyse scanning electron microscopy and X ray diffraction. At the end there was not loss in properties in terms of water absorption and deep abrasion, in the samples produced with glass residue in relation to the samples produced with natural aggregate. There was only reduction in the flexural strength in the results obtained at 180 days of age. Among the samples produced with glass waste, was found high possibility of occurrence of the Alkali Silica Reaction in the samples produced with CPII F40, that occurred less expressive may, in the samples produced with CPIV 32.

This dissertation presents the study of one-way slabs formed by lattice joist with and without prestressing. The objective of this study is to compare the technical performance of each structural solution, taking into account the prestress competitiveness. For the slab design procedure and the optimization analysis, a routine is developed in an electronic spreadsheet. Some parameters such as loading, length between the axis, strength of concrete, steel area and prestressing force is considered in the analysis. The optimization process is carried out with two objectives. The first is to obtain a design whose final displacement is equal to the limit value prescribed by ABNT NBR 6118:2014. The second objective is to obtain the maximum vertical displacement that minimize the slab weight. The slab is considered simple supported and formed by individual beams. The results shows that the use of the lattice prestressed joists, to spans such as 6 m to 9 m, the average weight reduction of the slab is around 21% compared to not prestressed joists. It is concluded that, for the restrictions imposed in this study, the maximum span for the design of slabs with not prestressed joists is around 9 m, while for the prestressed situation the limit is around 15 m.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

The accelerated degradation of natural hydric resources, along with the increasing demand for drinking water, urge for programs which deal with the losses of this essential good, and that are essential for environmental managers. This work is inserted in this context, with the objective of evaluating the magnitude of the measurement error of the hydrometers installed in Uberlândia-MG, when subjected to consumption variations. There have been comparisons of the equipment commonly used with systems that are more sensible to the measurement of low flows, in order to verify the reliability of the micro-measurement accomplished and serve as subsidy for the calculation of the indicators of losses. The evaluation showed that the equipment with larger sensibility totaled, on average, a volume 13.56% higher than the more commonly used hydrometer.

The traffic of vehicles used into the highway transportation of cargoes with overweight at this country, that's a recurrent problem of extreme gravity, in as much as this excess , acts reducing the service period that highways. The crescent competitive sector of the products distribution completed the organizations to improve their procedures , creating the method of loads transfer, but the utilization of this method is demaged due to the overweight into the tract unit rear axle, even when the semi-plaster is loaded with values of weight far below of the permitted on law. We can stress this shipment made with values beyond from the foreseen on law bring many problems on the operation of cargoes transportation, as the overweight fine and the requirement of the loads excess to be transhipped to another vehicle, generates delays and increasing the costs of the whole process, acting on the company competitiveness, injuring the pavement. Then, the objective of this work is offer a solution that could be technique and, at the same time, a low cost investment, to the sector companies, mainly, for the ones that uses sets of two axles unit tract and semi - plaster of triple tandem axle. Providing the results of a cargo into the rear axle tract unit and of the triple tandem axle, through the calculations of static balance considering the stowage factor and the weight force application point from of each lot of loads in relation to the tract unit rear axle. In this way, it offered a necessary ambiance for the case study, the company increases the average weight loaded for semi-plaster in 22,95%, without overweight.

The air quality is a factor of extreme relevance for a healthful urban environment, since it is common the existence of great concentrations of stationary and mobile sources of atmospheric pollutants in the medium and great cities. The objective this work is to argue the main factors that determine the air quality in the city of Uberlândia - MG, showing models for the prediction of the levels of concentration of Total Suspensed Particles (TSP) and Particles with aerodynamic diameter smaller than 10 μm (PM10), generated from the method of the multiple linear regression. The variable selected for the elaboration of the models were: concentrations of pollutants, flow of vehicles, relative humidity of air, temperature of air and intensity of the winds, being overcome as base the referring daily data to the year of 2004. Models for each climatic station (summer, autumn, winter and spring) and for each period of the haste regimen of the region were elaborated (rainy and dry period).

This work aims to characterize the natural and anthropic factors which have been responsible for the erosion acceleration of the urban area of the basin of Campo Alegre stream. The study area has approximately 5,52km2 and is located in the southeast portion of the city of Uberlândia, MG, between the geographical coordinates 18o 57' 21" and 18o 58' 35" south latitude and 48o 13' 24" e 48o 15' 6" west longitude. The results of this characterization will serve as a source of data for a better management of the occupation of the study area and to reduce the impacts that have been occurred. The characterization of this basin made the physiographic elements identification possible such as: geology, geomorphology, declivity and altimetry. For the attainment of results of the soil physical assays, analyses of grain-size, methylene blue, erosion rates, compaction, consistency index had been carried through. The evolution of the anthropic occupation is presented by statistical data and air photographs from 1969 until 2004. Considering the existence of two pluvial water galleries deriving from residential areas of the Campo Alegre stream headboard, arose the pluviometric totals in the city and the average variation of the stream outflow to understand the drags of soil materials caused by the pluvial water concentration, making the photographic register of the evolution of the erosion presents at the study area. The results had demonstrated that the basin of Campo Alegre stream is presented sufficiently sensitive to the erosion having as conditioning factors the lack of vegetation, the arenaceous texture soil, predominance of low declivities in the portions of the top. Associated to these factors are the pluvial water trail management and the urbanization acceleration without projects that respect the environmental conservation.

This research aimed to verify the quality of the Uberabinha River water (in Uberlândia - MG) through physic-chemical and microbiological analysis from samples taken during the rainy and the dry seasons. We established six points of sampling in areas with different characteristics: prior to the urban area, within the urban area and further on the urban area, which represents the rural area of Uberlândia. The samples were taken from October 2005 through October 2006. In each point there were five samples referring to: conductivity, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), detergents, oil and grease, dissolved oxygen (DO) hydrogen potential (pH), insoluble solid particles, water temperature, local temperature, fecal and total coliforms. The river throughput was determined in two spots along its way. The results have shown that the pollution rate is highly above the ones established by the legislation of CONAMA (National Council of Environment), showing that there is a great influence of the city of Uberlândia in the quality of the water from the Uberabinha River. The highest concentration of BOD and COD found was 37.0 mg/L O2 and 58.3 mg/L O2, respectively, all registered in November/2005. The lowest values of DO varied from 1.0 to 3.0 mg/L, all registered during the same period (November/2005). The proportion COD/BOD, for all the characteristics evaluated, was around 1.5, which means a polluting biodegradable mass. The main problems observed along the area studied are: deforesting, disorganized use and occupation of land (soil), soil pollution caused by solid residual dumping, that are taken into the river, and pollution generated by illegal sewage deposit, without previous adequate treatment.

The Guarani Aquifer's study, of its exploitation and use, as its potentialities in the Triângulo Mineiro region, considering the reality that the information about underground waters in the country are scarce and disperse, it constitutes the main focus of this research. The study of case in Cachoeira Dourada, with nine deep tubular wells, and the others six ones, three ones sited in Uberaba, two in Conceição das Alagoas and one in Frutal, totalizing the fifteen tubular well identified in this work, bringing a systematic comprehension of what exist presently, about these exploited waters in the regional delimited context. Between several possible applications, were recognized the use to public supplying, envase, health-resort, hydro-thermotherapy and utilization in the private leisure. The hydro-geochemistry and thermal features, allied at characteristic of these waters, had directed their uses. Nevertheless, the apparent adverse factor of quality, due to high content of salts presented, it became in an attractive tourist, contributing for the exploitation in Cachoeira Dourada, as well as the excellence in the quality it led to the use to human consumption in Uberaba, Conceição das Alagoas and Frutal. The stored water volume estimative in the sandstones of the Guarani Aquifer and the use of geothermic energy simulation demonstrated, beyond of the presentation set's results, incorporated suitable information to major understanding of Guarani Aquifer in the Triângulo Mineiro region.

Recent surveys carried out in several Brazilian cities show that Construction and Demolition Waste RCD represent, in some cases, more than 50% of the mass of the urban solid residues. The municipal administrations have been having difficulties to manage in an effective way the great amounts of RCD and to solve the problem of the irregular deposit that harm the population s quality of life and cause serious social, environmental and sanitary problems. This work made a diagnosis of RCD situation in Araguari, with the objective of supplying subsidies to the Municipal Public Administration for the elaboration of the Integrated Plan of Civil Construction Residues Management, as foreseen in the Resolution no. 307 of the National Environment Council. The bibliographical and documental researches provided the current situation of the theme. The surveys involved interviews with application of questionnaires and informal interviews and the field work involved exploratory visits, direct observations, photographic registrations and the mapping of the deposit areas of RCD. The obtained data were then organized in tables, graphs and maps. The estimate of the RCD volume generated in the city was done based on the registration of the number of deposit made by the transport agents in the local landfill, about 4314 m³/monthly. The visual and qualitative characterization made it possible to evaluate the reuse and recycling potential and served as a subsidy for the proposition of a management model that aims to contribute to solving the RCD problem in the city.