RCAAP Repository

This research seeks to identify the potentialities and challenges of Maker Education in the teaching and learning processes, experienced by a class of sixteen students of grade four of the elementary school as a methodology applied to the context of Project Based Learning (PBL). To this end, through a qualitative approach, this study analyzes all stages of the creation of a project in PBL, in partnership with three educators - one reference educator, an assistant educator and an expert educator - and the researcher, who also participates in the proposed activities. The experience is detailed and simultaneously analyzed and interpreted in the light of the literature review presented in the initial chapters, in order to build relationships between the methodologies in question and to point out contributions according to the results obtained. Having concluded the analysis, it is evident that Maker's Education, as a methodology combined with other active methodologies - specifically Project-based Learning - contributes as a potential factor, mainly, in the exercise of the skills and competences considered today as essential for life in the 21st century, such as critical thinking, flexibility, cooperation, empathy, communication, planning and self-management, proving to be efficient also in promoting the protagonism of students in their learning experiences, always guided by constant reflection.

This research investigated the influence of family and founder on the debt of Brazilian listed companies. Despite the vast national and international literature on capital structure, there are still some doubts about the importance of family in business management. In Brazil, due to the large number of family businesses and concentrated control, is even more evident the need to investigate the issue. Many other studies have treated the family business, others control the concentration and others, the company's founder. The contribution of this work was to separate the companies that have concentrated control in the hands of one family, who have only the family influence, family control, those whose management is familiar and the other whose management is only the founder and also the founder of management company family.Furthermore, it was the separation of concentrated control, significant influence, management controlling, managing shareholder influence. In total 10 different separations were made and tested along the work. The study population consisted of companies listed on Bovespa in 2009, and the final sample consisted of 365 companies. As the main contribution of this work was used as a classification different from the other by separating control and influence,combining the family and the founder and principal actors. To this end, we observed six years (2004-2009), a total of 2190 observations. These data constitute an unbalanced panel that was treated by linear regression using ordinary least squares, then by random effects and finally by fixed effects. These techniques were applied to any distortions that diminish in relation to the control variables that were used and these panels might catch the best way to control and influence of the founder family and management in enterprises. The results show that companies with family control and the ones that have some influence of the founder is present in the sample studied, presented less debt than other companies, going according to national and international studies that claim that family businesses tend to be more conservative in their investments, looking to use more equity than others. However, companies that have concentrated control in the hands of one owner or company presented more debt than the others, confirming the studies that indicate the concentration of capital in Brazil and its consequent tendency to the expropriation of wealth by the majority shareholders .

In this dissertation the transmission properties of photonic crystal fibers are assessed under the influence of pressure and temperature for sensing applications. A review is given of the light propagation in conventional optical fibers and the effects of pressure and temperature on the refractive index of silica are studied. Photonic crystals in 1 and 2 dimensions are also studied. Then, microstructured fibers and photonic crystal fibers are addressed and their guidance properties and general applications are shown. A review is made of temperature and pressure sensors based on conventional fibers, Bragg gratings and microstructured and photonic crystal fibers described in the literature. Finally, results are shown and discussed of the experiments with the application of pressure on a hollow-core photonic crystal fiber, for which high-order bandgaps, in the visible spectral region, were identified and characterized for the first time. These bandgaps are shown to be pressure sensitive. Applying external hydrostatic pressure over the fiber, optical transmission variations of a few dB were observed for pressures of hundreds of kgf/cm², while when the fiber holes were internally pressurized a similar variation was achieved for units of kgf/cm². The response of light polarization, and hence of the fiber birefringence, to internal pressure was also analyzed.. In the other part of the experimental work, the temperature-induced bandgap spectral shift of photonic bandgap fibers was characterized. The response of a hollow-core fiber, a hybrid fiber and an all-solid fiber was characterized with bandgap shifts of up to 36 pm/°C in straight fibers. For the all-solid fiber the influence of bending over the bandgaps was characterized, as well as temperature-induced bandgaps shifts under these conditions. For a straight fiber, a simple model for the bandgap shift calculation is presented and showed good agreement with the experimental results. Closing the work, the conclusions are presented.

Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie

Ganhadora do prêmio TCC - 1º Semestre de 2016

Esta tesis tiene como objetivo conocer y analizar la relación entre los profesores de matemáticas y la literatura y si dichos profesionales reconocen en el arte literario algún valor formativo, sea personalmente o profesionalmente. De manera más especifica, la intención es conocer y comprender las causas del posicionamiento de estos profesionales frente a la literatura y certificarse si es, realmente, y de qué manera, indispensable al que enseña y, particularmente a los docentes de matemáticas. Para buscar tales referencias se entrevistaron seis profesores de matemáticas, algunos aun estudiantes de licenciatura con experiencias variadas en el magisterio de la Educación Básica. Los participantes se eligieron considerando el contexto del que hacíam parte, o sea, profesores de matemáticas que participaban del Foro de Licenciaturas. Además, se realizaron pesquisas bibliográficas para cimentar dicho estudio, principalmente sobre literatura, proceso de creación y referentes a la temática de las sabidurías docentes. Los resultados revelan buenas sorpresas, como la aproximación de los profesores de matemáticas hacia la literatura, pero también confirman una situación molesta con relación a la forma como la literatura brasileña sigue siendo comprendida en el escenario educativo ocupado por los estudiantes de la Educación Básica que actualmente ocupan puestos en Universidades y cómo las obras literarias son entendidas, valoradas y utilizadas por profesores de matemáticas.

Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

The present dissertation approaches the relations between economic power and electoral financing, from the logic of donations of resources to electoral campaigns arried out by legal entities. Thus, based on the decision handed down by the Federal Supreme Court in ADI judgment 4650, the question of the (in) constitutionality of the donations made by companies, as well as the dysfunctions generated by the decision, is evaluated. Topics such as corruption and its possible relationship with electoral financing, inequalities in policy funding from the perspective of the donor as well as the candidates, as well as the relationship between economic power and campaign financing, are evaluated. The studies are based on the collection of a series of data on collections and campaign expenditures in the last elections held in Brazil. Based on these data and on a bibliographical review, it is intended to answer if the donations of companies are or are not unconstitutional and, even if they lack or not better discipline, from the point of view of the regulation of economic power

Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa

Considering that there are not any Brazilian instruments to evaluate sensory processing abilities and their effect on the functionality of children and teenagers, this study aimed at translating the Sensory Profile instrument (Dunn, 1999) to Brazilian Portuguese as well as carrying out its cultural adaptation to Brazilian reality. When researching on the existence and the application of sensory evaluation instruments in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders I found the Sensory Profile, which was created to evaluate and measure how much sensory processing actually makes it easier or more difficult for these individuals to function in daily living tasks. This instrument, in all of its versions, is suited to tracking programs and evaluation and research protocols. I had Sensory Profile translated and adapted to Brazilian culture within the scope of a non–experimental non–longitudinal descriptive research, and the following steps were accomplished: translation, back–translation, revision by a specialist committee on analysis, evaluation of the scoring and the verification of the instrument's internal consistency. I worked with a sample of 50 parents of children aged 5 to 10, each child regularly enrolled on a private elementary school in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. The results obtained from the application of the translated and adapted questionnaire (already with changes in 40 questions relative to the original version), taking into consideration the fact that the instrument was applied to caregivers of the children with typical development, allowed me to conclude that the translated and adapted 125–question instrument is understandable and internally consistent. All of that points to the possibility of usage of the Sensory Profile in Brazil after future studies, which may search for evidence toward the validation of the instrument through new applications of the translated and adapted version produced during this study.

What here is studied is the way policies are being operationalized to promote racial equality in Brazil, considering their relationship with the concepts of democracy and citizenship, recently experienced in face of the valorization of contemporary social movements context, through which are conquered a large scale of claiming, embracing many sectors of the individual and common life. It is interesting to understand how the Brazilian State, inserted in the capitalist coherence, has treated the promotion of racial equality, analyzing with focus on the Secretaria Especial de Políticas de Promoção da Igualdade Social - SEPPIR (Special Secretariat for Policies to Promote Racial Equality), of the Federal Government, as well as the policies used for this purpose. The shift in the theoretical basis concearning the racial matter, which led to Brazil s recognition and fight against racism, through Law Institutions that are dynamic and can act as an efficient mechanism of social transformation, must be highlighted. In this matter, it is important to stand out that the brazilians (both government and civil society), started to debate more oftenly about the national racial issue, showing that there must be a larger action from society in this process, that aims the eradication of racial and social differences. It is also interesting to highlight the importance of the African-American movement in the transformation of the so far existing social structures and institutions. Through out this paper it is intended, besides producing a theoretical study on the ethno-racial matter and it s importance regarding State s policies, to bring some elements that may contribute to the discussion about Brazilian racism, pointing out the exclusion of the african-american. We also intend to announce and explore new ways to demand compliance with state statutory rights provided for making use of innovative legal instruments.

This essay analyses the real estate markets for commercial buildings in São Paulo City, between 1940 and 2006, from a critical standpoint. With the purpose of identifying the main vectors of growth for such developments in the city, from downtown São Paulo towards outskirts regions, with special focus on the southwest region of the city, the work detaches and accompanies the most evident and significant changes in trends and characteristics for such buildings, decade after decade, as well as the main launching vectors on each period analyzed. For better understanding of trends, an historical analysis of local commercial zoning has been conducted for each decade.

This paper deals with the analysis of the satirical weekly O Polichinelo, published in the city of São Paulo, in 1876. From the study of the publication itself, its editorial staff, the style and the theme of its cartoons, as well as the context of the historical moment, this text seeks the relations between the weekly and that time of great political turmoil in Brazil, and, in particular, the province of São Paulo. In those days in the Second Empire, Abolition and Republican causes gained strength and became manifest through the press. The cartoon illustrated periodicals used the critical mood to spread opinions about these topics. O Polichinello, as an exponent from this press, would not be different. But what was the stance of the journal? What causes it defended? The articles and, in particular, the cartoons contained in its pages, give clues for understanding the intentions and influences behind the weekly and how it manifested in its language.

First of all, this research is focused on an approximate and panoramic way of religious symbols of the ancient religions, providing explanation to understanding these religions at the first periods of humanity. Following, this research focused on the symbolical universe of Jewish and Christian systems. This search is talking about basic symbolism on both Judaism and Christians traditions, as well as investigating their symbolical evolution by anthropological and philosophical references. At last, this research showed the presence of Judaism in Christian culture, giving it its notorious autonomy, but with clearly Jewish foundations.

Our research proposes to reflect the protestant movement, its ethics, influences and its roots through a historical approach, in view of the birth of Protestantism around the world, and, aftermost, in Brazilian lands. Through the light of the Reformist provement our research tries to show how the Protestantism influenced on the construction of the Brazilian pedagogy, on showing such contribution, we would like to highlight the pedagogical work developed at the Instituto Presbiteriano de Cabo Frio. We would like to show our efforts to follow the accelerated process of nowadays development and our endeavors in order to offer a diverse work that offers significant learning through a program that may be adjusted to the reality of our time and the individual needs of each student. In the beginning of 80 s, with the political opening, we could see a great mobilization of our educators on the seeking of a critical education that could bring social, political and economical transformation in order to overcome social inequalities and promote the citizenship, which is been consolidated by the progressist pedagogy. The hope of the poet that affirms that the life is worth even though the bread is expensive and the liberty is small continues generating boldness to overcome the needs of our society. This work is borne motivated by such blows of winds. The objective of these studies to bring us to reflect about the consequences of the learning difficulties in the relational process between teachers and students, and as well as to propose critical measures. Such proposes here cited try to show that we have to reflect to take a reflexive practice as teachers, scientifically based and also offer an atmosphere that may contribute to healthy and an emotional venue. On doing so the teacher will bring to the student the possibility of listing, answering and accept his difficulties without any guilt, understanding, knowing how to overcome then.

Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa

In this work we analyzed the book called “1822” written by Laurentino Gomes by speech analysis. It is a reporter book,a journalistic genre which mix literature, history and journalism, whose subject author retells the Independence history, in order, all the time, to legitimize his speech. As we will deepening in the speech made by subject-author, we note the marked heterogeneity as a way to legitimize his speech, which depends of others speech to legitimize his speech but even so can keep and to efect of identity by constitutive heterogeneity. This work has specific goals: 1) To check how the legitimity building in a speech which the other presence is expelicity. 2) To analyse the identity and the otherness in a speech which is constitutive heterogeneous and 3) tTo identify the character and positioning subetive in a heterogeneous speech, called marked. We have as a theoretical support, Brandão (1996), Maingueneau (1993) and Authier – Revuz (1993) to undersand the speech.

Instituto Presbiteriano Mackenzie

Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa