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Whereas Galdós never wrote the episode programmed Las Colonias perdidas, the reference to them and their meaning for Spanish society of the 19th century are present in the course of the Episodios nacionales as shown in this article that, in addition to signaling its location in a way, reflects on Galdós' critical view of the way in which his contemporaries and 18th century Spanish politicians perceived the colonies at the historical moment of the end of the Spanish colonial empire.

Julio Cortázar, argentine writer and intellectual, was born at the Embassy of Argentine in Brussels on August 26, 1914, and died in Paris on February 12, 1984. His production includes poetry, short stories, essays, novels, interviews, songs and a vast correspondence. Following a systematic reading of his work, it is possible to perceive the  nterconnections between the writer’s process of creation and the job of translator that he practiced throughout his life. The present work, in this sense, seeks to highlight the importance of the translation for the writer Julio Cortázar through an analysis of his own work, interviews, especially those that were granted to Harss (2012), Prego Gadea (1985), González Bermejo (2002) and Picón Garfield (1996), as well as through other critical and biographical texts, namely those by Herráez (2011), Goloboff (1998) and Maturo (2004). As a methodological instrument, we have selected references to literary translations, to the translation or to the job of translator and to texts in which we find Cortázar’s opinion on the translation practice, relating them to each other, since they seem to be part of what could be called “constellation of figures” that intertwine. The results point to the realization of the total relevance of the translation practice in the writer’s life and work.

Based on the perception defended by Bernd (2012) that transcultural mobilities exert a significant influence on literary practices, this paper seeks to highlight the role played by the writer Josefina Plá (1903-1999) in the Paraguayan literary system, describing its importance in the conformation of contemporary narrative of this literary community. Through the analysis of the short story Sesenta listas (1981), it seeks to explore the transcultural / phagocytic power of Josefina Plá's narratives, at the same time as the violence engendered by coloniality in the cultural community of the South Atlantic.

After having served as the main conduct for the transmission of thought and the circulation of literary texts during all the modern age, magazines are  eing threatened by the Internet empire. This article checks some moments in which text production, authors, cultural assets and readers are built up from journalism and the cultural (mostly literary) magazine, out of several Latin American examples, so as to make some propositions concerning the possibilities of the present.

Cordel’s movies and literature presents the Northeast as a myth fair with sui generis caracteristics in terms of folk culture. The imaginary which surrounds the region constitutes the Northeast as being the land of the legends, of the cangaceiros, of the jagunços, of the cowboys and religious leaders. From this point of view, the Northeast can be seen as an discursiveimagetic construction where the most diverse myths are spread, myths that are, typically, heroic generated in a marginalized socioeconomic group, of earth attached proletarians. In this scenario, two fundamental characters constantly appear in folk stories: the cangaceiro and the saint figures, the beatified and charismatic religious leaders. Inside the corpus, there’s an investigation on how the creation process happens for this mythical characters as well as their function as from the discursive-imagetic universe of movies and literature.

This article has as objective to analyse the ethos of two pages created on Facebook: Caneta desmanipuladora and Caneta desesquerdizadora, in the intention of investigating how they create an image of themselves from enunciations published in their timelines. For the realization of this study, we take as theoretical support the studies of the Discourse Analysis of French line, specially, the concept of ethos worked by Maingueneau, as well as the Facebook exam undertaken by Emediato. Methodologically, this study is registered in an interpretativedescriptive slant of qualitative hallmark. As result, we check, on basis of the analysis of the corpus, as two enunciators, which, a priori, group together, can create images of themselves distinct from the discursive ethos.

Reports of an advantage of bilingualism on brain structure in young adult participants are inconsistent. Abutalebi et al. (2012) reported more efficient monitoring of conflict during the Flanker task in young bilinguals compared to young monolingual speakers. The present study compared young adult (mean age = 24) Cantonese-English bilinguals in Hong Kong and young adult monolingual speakers. We expected (a) differences in metabolites in neural tissue to result from bilingual experience, as measured by 1H-MRS at 3T, (b) correlations between metabolic levels and Flanker conflict and interference effects (c) different associations in bilingual and monolingual speakers. We found evidence of metabolic differences in the ACC due to bilingualism, specifically in metabolites Cho, Cr, Glx and NAA. However, we found no significant correlations between metabolic levels and conflict and interference effects and no significant evidence of differential relationships between bilingual and monolingual speakers. Furthermore, we found no evidence of significant differences in the mean size of conflict and interference effects between groups i.e. no bilingual advantage. Lower levels of Cho, Cr, Glx and NAA in bilingual adults compared to monolingual adults suggest that the brains of bilinguals develop greater adaptive control during conflict monitoring because of their extensive bilingual experience.

In recent years, Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) has received a great deal of attention, as it may represent a pre-clinical state of Alzheimer´s disease (AD). In the distinction between healthy elderly (CTL) and MCI patients, automated discourse analysis tools have been applied to narrative transcripts in English and in Brazilian Portuguese. However, the absence of sentence boundary segmentation in transcripts prevents the direct application of methods that rely on these marks for the correct use of tools, such as taggers and parsers. To our knowledge, there are only a few studies evaluating automatic sentence segmentation in transcripts of neuropsychological tests. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact ofthe automatic sentence segmentation method DeepBond on nine syntactic complexity metrics extracted of transcripts of CTL and MCI patients.

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The inverse relationship of orphanhood between mother and child is developed in this story by Fábio de Melo. In a symbolic, deep and artisan way, the author creates an intimate narrative, rich in details, critical about death, from the point of view of who is left, of the mother who, losing the child, loses her “function”. This article views the familiar and intimate relationship as one of the themes of contemporary literature.

This article explores the ways in which historians have thought about biography as a genre of writing about the past and how these attitudes have changed over the last fifty years or so, from skepticism and even hostility to increasing acceptance and even advocacy. It also examines some of the ways in which biography itself has evolved and the contribution of historians to this evolution, before concluding with an example from the author’s forthcoming biography of the 19th-century Spanish military and political figure Baldomero Espartero (1793-1879).

The article reflects on the patterns of objectivity in which contemporary biographical writing moves. Relying on Thomas Khun distinguishes between those built from the direct knowledge of the biography of those who start from an indirect approach, either by the lack of synchrony in the times of biographer and biographed, or because part of a prior will of distancing. From the general conditions, the article begins to reflect on the evolution of the biography in Spain and its conditions of evolution up to the present.

Besides proposing in outline form the disparities of the biographies of Cervantes,Ortega y Gasset and Ridruejo, the article defends the condition of a specific requirement – the moral imagination – as an instrument to recreate the inner complexity of the subjects studied, beyond the empirical reliability of public and private documentation handled.

For a long time the biography produced in Britain has constituted an international benchmark. It has become the model that has inspired the style and methodology of a large number of professionals from other countries. But it has also transcended its borders, as British biographers have successfully written the biographies of key figures from other nationalities. In these pages we shall briefly review the development of the genre from the eighteenth century to the present day, addressing issues such as: its internal fluctuations, some of its milestones and main authors, its relationship with the academic world, its institutionalization after the so called biographical turn, the cultural context in which it is rooted and, finally, some of the problems or challenges it has faced in recent years: among them its alleged crisis, the rivalry or coexistence with the new theories and perspectives of Life-Writing and its position in relation to new international focuses of biographical research and production.

Eufrásia Teixeira Leite (1840-1930) was a descendant of the Brazilian aristocracy, whose family fortune was gained with mining, coffee and stock investments. With no male siblings, she received an unusual education for women at that time. Once orphan, she was responsible for managing hers and her sister’s inheritance. This social and economic privileged position had its personal cost. The involvement with a pro-slavery abolition politician named Joaquim Nabuco (1849-1910) was limited to quick encounters and a long correspondence exchange. The impossibility of turning this passion into legal union is the subject of two recent novels, which compose this work’s corpus: Mundos de Eufrásia: a história de amor entre a incrível Eufrásia Teixeira Leite e o notável Joaquim Nabuco (2009), by Cláudia Lage, and Um mapa todo seu, by Ana Maria Machado (2015). The main goal of this approach is to apprehend the result of biographical data usage in the novel.

The existence of the printed matter depends on the life and work of booksellers,printers and editors. In the first decades of the 20th century, in Montevideo, thanks to a combination of several factors, some of those agents contributed to assert a literacy culture weak and wobbly. Among them, crucial figure was the italian Orsini Bertani (1869-1939) that active anarchist in their country of origin, in France, England and Argentina became a calm, fraternal and decisive cultural entrepreneur in the Uruguayan capital. Wonder about his days and chores helps to understand him and understand the culture of his time.

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