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The present study aims to observe how Chinese learners whose mother tongue does not have the article system acquire the definite article (AD) in Portuguese as an additional language (PLA), trying to verify the omission and excessive generalization of this article in their interlanguage. In addition, it also aims to determine whether the use of AD in the generic context and non-generic contexts classified according to the model adapted from that of Liu and Gleason (2002), presents a difference in the level of difficulty for Chinese learners. In this context, individual interviews were conducted with Chinese university students of Portuguese at an intermediate level. The data obtained based on quantitative analyzes show not very marked omission of AD and excessive generalization of AD in non-standard constructions of Chinese learners’ interlanguage where AD in Portuguese should not be used. In addition, certain non-generic linguistic contexts in AD are easier than others, which supports the statement by Liu and Gleason (2002). The study contributes to show the variations that occurred in the process of acquisition of Portuguese AD by Chinese learners of intermediate proficiency level, who should dedicate this acquisition of AD throughout the whole process.

The multiplicity of resources offered by the Internet, expanding mobile services, led to the emergence of mobile learning. Through this strategy, applications installed on mobile devices use digital information and communication technologies to promote language teaching-learning. In order to understand how this process occurs, this study analyzes three apps aimed at teaching Portuguese as a second language: Duolingo, Babbel and Busuu. Based on studies of gamification and language learning by computer, apps are classified according to four paradigms, based on the highlight (i) language approaches; (ii) the content presented, such as reading, text production, vocabulary, grammatical topics, oral  tasks and pronunciation; and (iii) the use of images to represent vocabulary and daily situations. Data analysis allowed us to understand that, although a behaviorist structure predominates, working the language in a fragmented way, as an object of study and not as a form of communication and social interaction, the three applications present a well-planned system in terms of gamification. It has concluded that these tools do not present themselves as protagonists to the teaching of the Portuguese language to foreigners, but, used as support, contribute to learning.

Through the compilation of the verdicts issued by the Court of Final Appeal of the Macao Special Administrative Region, this article investigates, from an introductory study, the need and feasibility of building a Portuguese Chinese parallel corpus in the legal area, as well as the development of strategies to be applied as a methodological resource in computer aided translation tools, with the aim of seeking ways to increase not only the efficiency but also the quality of the translation.

Based on the premise of talk about “Chinese as a mother tongue” is talk about of a spectrum of different languages and dialects, the aim of this study is to verify the mother languages language transfer patterns of Chinese learners of Portuguese as an Additional Language during the practice of consecutive interpretation from Portuguese to Mandarin (Putonghua). In addition, is also our objective to verify the variables that can affect the interpreting production of Mandarin for Cantonese mother tongue speakers. Therefore, the production of consecutive interpretation of 16 learners will be analyzed, and they are divided into two control groups: one group consists of 8 Cantonese as mother tongue / L1 speakers and one group is composed by 8 Mandarin as mother tongue / L1 speakers. The results point out that, even though Cantonese speakers have a lower language proficiency in the target language, their interpretation expresses the original texts with greater efficiency, supporting the hypothesis that the language education, the multilingual and the multi-cultural society of Macau contribute positively to the practice of interpretation.

This paper aims to reflect on gaps that need to be addressed in the case of an institutionalization in the area of Portuguese as a Foreign Language and on glotopolitical actions in this field. We intend to discuss some effects of the absence of documents that guide the education in classrooms that reflect the superdiverse reality in which we are inserted. We analyse how Exame Celpe-Bras – Certificate of Proficiency in Portuguese for Foreigners – has guided Portuguese as a Foreign Language teaching policies and, finally, we observe the effects of this influence on the formation of Portuguese as a Foreign Language teachers. We mobilize, for this study, the concepts of superdiversity; local knowledge and global knowledge; linguistic politics and glotopolitics actions. Based on these concepts, we show some of the skills needed for the teacher to face these challenges that are imposed at work today.

Formulaic sequences are known for being measures of foreign language fluency for learners. Research in language processing suggests that native speakers as well as learners process these sequences as a single word (ELLIS, 1996). Nevertheless, little is known about the use of formulaic sequences in Portuguese and, even fewer studies have examined the use of formulaic sequences in learners of Portuguese. Therefore, in this study, we sought to investigate the textual function of lexical bundles extracted from a corpus of learners of Portuguese as a Second Language (PSL). Lexical bundles are sequences of three or more words that occur with larger than expected frequency in a specific corpus. In this study, we used corpus linguistics tools to extract lexical bundles that occur frequently at two levels of proficiency – beginner and intermediate – in Portuguese. These bundles were, then, classified according to their textual function. Results indicate that beginner level students use more bundles associated with concrete references, while intermediate learners use more bundles associated with textual organization and stance. This study contributes to the description of Portuguese acquisition at these two levels of proficiency. In addition, the results can foster classroom activities where the PSL teachers introduce new functions of lexical bundles to students. Finally, we hope that this study motivates more research describing the language used at different stages of Portuguese acquisition.  

In the present study, we reflect on the development of phonological awareness activities that are part of a task on the production of Brazilian cartoons. The concepts of task (ELLIS et al. 2020) and of the phase of focus on language (WILLIS, 1996) were used to discuss opportunities for comprehension, reflection and manipulation of the variation of the postvocalic lateral consonant in Brazilian Portuguese (COLLISCHONN e QUEDNAU, 2009; HAHN-NONNENMACHER, 2019; CALLOU, 2009; LEITE, CALLOU e MORAES, 2007; BATTISTI e MORAS, 2016; MORAS, 2017) by the participants, by the analysis of the characters names from five Brazilian cartoons. The findings reveal that the students were able (a) to recognize different ways to pronounce the consonant according to its position, (b) to reflect about the use of the lateral in coda in Brazilian Portuguese as well as in Spanish and (c) to apply the semivocalization rule.

The present work has as general objective to investigate the potential of the use of the mental map in the teaching and learning of the grammar of Portuguese as a Foreign Language (PLE) by Chinese learners. Created and systematized by the English psychologist Tony Buzan, the mind map is widely used in diverse areas, especially in the field of education. In the light of cognitive theory, we found that this strategy, compatible with human cognition, can contribute, not only to the clarification and systematization of knowledge but also to the connection of new concepts with previous ones, promoting, therefore, meaningful learning. Through the analysis of two case studies, we believe that the mind map, as a complementary resource, should be used more and further, in conjunction with other methods, in a larger context.

Editorial para o número 02/2020.

This article presents a profile of the Portuguese as an Additional Language (PAL) area in Brazilian federal universities. Very important for the internationalization process of universities and the attendance of the growing number of immigrants that Brazil has received in recent years, the PAL area is still relatively small in the country. In order to contribute to the strengthening of the area and the acknowledgement of its importance in the educational systems, we present how the field has evolved to its current state and discuss actions and policies that contributed to its growth and consolidation. In the sequence, we present and discuss data generated between November 2016 and July 2017 on the offer of PAL courses at federal universities. Considering the expansion of PAL education in recent years and the lack of published information about its insertion in higher education institutions, we understand the data we present here contribute as an important subsidy for the debate on policies for the institutionalization of the PAL area in Brazil.

On September 25th 2015, all United Nations member states unanimously approved the 2030 Agenda about the Sustainable Development of the world, which is understood as an opportunity for societies to embark in a new path of bettering the communities life, with the motto: Leave no one behind. This work shows the contributions that the Humanities and the Arts make to the agenda, from the praxis that each discipline conforms on the subject of sustainable development, ensuring the health of Latin American democracies. Our journey interacts with the critical and theoretical proposals of Graciela Speranza and Martha Nussbaum and intends on showing certain marks of said contributions that many Universities of the world are making in regards to SDGs. We will also, starting from the five tools presented by the UN, articulate the resilience in relation to the literary critic (Roland Barthes), Land art (Bernabé) and the literature (Horacio Quiroga) to draft a critical diagnosis and analysis of the actions of the Humanities and the Arts in the Sustainable Development of the world.

In human intellectual and cultural developments, all proposals for broad rational iconoclastic tendencies result in new systematizations, which necessarily rely on beliefs, dogmas, creeds and rites. These experiences are at the core of “Cântico” Negro” and “Tabacaria”, in which the poetic enunciation pervades the intellectual foundations that sustain rationality as well as the diverse modes of expressions of human knowledge through the various traditional forms of understanding. In José Régio, the transformations on how literary critics and poets understand reality, starting within particular human experiences, integrating classicism and modernism, lead the author´s reflections to establish the idea of Living Literature. In Álvaro de Campos, Alberto Caeiro’s disciple, the continuous awakening of dogmatic sleep does not allow humans to rise up from their chimeras; rather, it inserts them in perennial illusions while articulating the senses and mind.

Based on the representation of the Lebanese immigrant character Amina, in the novel Amrik, by the Brazilian writer Ana Miranda, published in 1997, this article aims to present some reflections on immigration from a gender perspective, especially from the perspective of the female experience. In immigration, the transformative character of the journey, of the crossing itself, is present in the construction of the character's subjectivity, but it still reveals the significant influence of the marks of gender, race and social condition. Through such marks, above all by the gender mark, the freedom of the immigrant character is problematized and, sometimes, it proves possible only in the solitude of the woman's body.

In the present work, there is a concern to address a very peculiar characteristic of contemporary literary texts: a narrative motivated by memory. This mechanism works, in the tales A velha da sacola and Uma fantasia para Sofia - both present in the collection Fissuras (2018), by Henriette Effenberger –, as a reminder of problems related to patriarchy, with the consequence of a break in the hegemonic construction of female roles by protagonists. To support our discussion, we used, primarily, the books Tempo passado: cultura da memória e guinada subjetiva (2007), by Beatriz Sarlo, and Memória e identidade (2012), by Joël Candau, as well as other theoretical reflections related to the subject.

Since the end of 2019, and even in 2020, the world has been face with a major health crisis. We're talking about the pandemic caused by Covid-19. A disease that has mobilized the scientific community in search of the long-aforesome cure. For us linguists, it is worth noting how the discourses conveyed by government agencies are meaning with regard to the way in which dialogue is established with the population. This process of discursivization undertaken by the public power is called biopolitics – a concept articulated by the theoretician Michel Foucault, which comprises a set of norms used to control the subjects' lives. In the light of Discourse Analysis, based on Foucault (1997; 2000; 2009), Charaudeau (2016), and Courtine (2006), the article analyzes how biopolitics appears on two posters published on the website of the Ministry of Health in Brazil. Our investigations prove that there is thus a search for the establishment of a positive effect of the government in gaining the trust of the population in coping with this health crisis

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The text analyses the short story The Cage, written by the contemporary writer Augusta Faro, from a feminist aesthetics. The narrative is situated within the scope of marginal women's literature, as, in a way, the writings are on the margin of the literary canon system. It also aim to reflect the female condition and gender violence, emphasizing the different aspects assigned to women and the different types of violence experienced by them, evidencing the possibility of rupture and objection to the perverse logic of patriarchy. The analysis reveals the breaking of stereotypes and the subversion of hegemonic patterns set for the female from the portrait of the fourth generation, that opposing to the structural sexism, empower itself, achieves the freedom and the autonomy for managing their lives and make their own choices. To promote a discussion, we based our analysis on the studies of Betty Friedan (2020), Helleith Safiotti (2015), Júlio Cortázar (2006), Nádia Gotlib (1990/2004),  Ricardo Piglia (2004), Simone de Beauvoir (1990a; 1990b), Wayne Booth (1980), among others. We conclude that the short story analyzed enable the readers, especially the female audience, a reflection on the different types of women imprisonment and, in  a special way and with an aesthetical beauty, possibilities of rupture and transgression of perverse enclosures of feminine that still exists nowadays in the sociological, ideological and moral contexts.     

In this work, we use some theories that are approached in the texts Mulheres pobres e violência no Brasil urbano (2004), by Rachel Soihet, A dominação masculina (2003), by Pierre Bourdieu, and O segundo sexo (1970), by Simone de Beauvoir, for the purpose of understand the relationship between sexual freedom and repression of female sexuality – a duality that appears in the short stories “Pai Nosso” and “Redenção”, by brazilian writer Henriette Effenberger. With this, we intend to reflect about the prohibitions imposed by the Christian religions on the woman’s sexual pleasure, based on the literary representation of such restriction.

When we draw a profile of contemporary Brazilian authors who have published collections of tales in the last thirty years, we perceive a range of names. In this way, we cut out a list of the winners of the Jabuti Prize from 1990 to 2020, so that we can draw a profile of these writers. We realized, then, that the only black woman to win the award in these thirty years was Conceição Evaristo (1946- ). Dismissing the argument that black women have not published, we confronted the canonical profile with the collection Cadernos Negros (FIGUEIREDO, 2009), listed several names, among them, Conceição itself. Also, realizing that the aesthetics of these black writers permeates other questions and, in an attempt to “listen to” them (KILOMBA, 2019; SPIVAK, 2010), we listed the concept of escrevivência (EVARISTO, 2005, 2007; FERREIRA, 2013) and Afrofeminine literature (SANTIAGO, 2012) to analyze four short stories by the gaucho author Maria Helena Vargas da Siveira (1940-2009): “Rondas” and “Filosofia da farofa”, published in O sol de Fevereiro (1991); and “Iniciação” and “Barro duro do Laranjal”, published in Odara: Fantasia e realidade (1993).