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The article studies the participation of Latin American nations in the Non-Aligned Movement during the Cold War. It inquire about the reasons that led a significant number of countries in the continent to join the Movement, most of them between 1973 and 1983. Through the analysis of primary and secondary sources, seven cases are examined: Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Nicaragua, Panama, and Peru. It is established that, mainly, the Latin American nations sought, through their participation in the Movement, to increase their autonomy and deepen or complete their sovereignty. Finally, it is argued that the Non Alignment in Latin America was related more to the long history of decolonization than to the conjunctural Cold War.

The geopolitical discipline under the phenomenological critique. The foundations of Brazilian geopolitics developed by Meira Mattos and Panamazonia. Defense and integration of Panamazonia, integration challenges to Brazilian geopolitical thinking.

According to the British academic Laurence Whitehead (2002), each country manages differently and finds its own solution to the demands of truth and justice in relation to its dictatorial past during democratization processes. While some chose a “communicative silence”, in others the demands for “hygienic purges” prevails. But whatever the option, another possibility will always remain latent, as desirable. In Portugal, the revolutionary nature of the transition to democracy and the state’s crisis that branded it created a “window of opportunity” for a strong and immediate reaction to the past. Among the different formulas of political justice adopted purges, i.e., the institution of processes through which abusive or corrupt officials are excluded from the public service, stand out. It is our aim to analyse the legislation that framed these purges, considering the transition different stages, and to perceive its impacts and relations with the progress of the Portuguese revolution.

This paper presents Amy Gutmann and Dennis Thompson’s theory on the moral foundations of truth commissions, analyzing it from the perspective of the relation between the normativity of transitional justice and deliberative theories of democracy. I will argue that democratic deliberative requirements, however defensible they may be from the point of view of democracy and justice, and despite having theoretical virtues, are not adequate to think of transitional contexts for democracy dealing with legacies of gross human rights violations.

In unfavorable situations, marked by the validity of a patriarchal and misogynist system, the interest in counting on the supernatural represented for some women an important tool to respond to this normative context. The universe of relationships, the interest in controlling the wills of others for the realization of love bonds, including marriages or even the salvation of conjugal lives, were recorded in various inquisitorial processes. The fluidity of sexuality was, in turn, an aspect that caught the attention of the authorities, especially when it was associated with the protagonism sought by women. This work seeks, therefore, to investigate, in the light of gender relations, the trajectories of Violante Carneiro and Margarida Carneiro, processed by the authorities of the inquisitorial visitation in Portuguese America (1591-1595).

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The second half of the 19th century was the period in which the foundations were laid for Mexico’s economic policy based on agro-export from the exploitation of natural resources. For this, liberal politicians, like Matías Romero, used scientific knowledge for the exploitation of Mexican and foreign plants of great world demand harvested mainly in the southeast of the country, where forests, forests and mangroves were valued as unproductive lands. In this Mexican zone, a series of plant products demanded in the United States and Europe was intensively produced, which at the same time enriched the treasury degraded the regional biological diversity. The objective of the research is to understand the influence of scientific criteria in Romero’s political-economic projects by encouraging the cultivation of Mexican and acclimatized commercial plants from 1870 to 1883 and the beginning of the environmental transformation of the southeast of the Mexican Republic. This region had been valued by the political elite as unproductive in economic terms due to the difficult recovery of agricultural activities between the Independence revolution and the 1870s. Romero’s writings published between 1870 and 1883 are an example of the use of scientific criteria for economic development.

This article aims to present some historical aspects of the city of São Sebastião do Cai, located in the region of the Valley of Cai River, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Our intent is to demonstrate the city’s relationship with its river. We seek within a perspective of urban and environmental cultural history, understand the river as an allocator of senses and meanings to the city space, as well as an enabler of change and socio-political and cultural changes in the local scene. The methodology used was the bibliographical, documentary research, through photographs and newspaper articles, and oral history. The results show that the memory of the residents is linked to environmental problems, especially the floods that occur in the municipality.

The objective of the present investigation was to analyze José Martí’s concern with the transmission of knowledge, doings and values that should be part of women’s education. The article analyzes the writing directed to the “children of America” in La edad de Oro (1889) and seeks to identify in the Martian project of formation of the “new man” the distinction between an education for boys and girls. But it will be in the collection formed by the set of personal letters addressed to Maria Mantilla and in the advice directed to the daughter that shows Martí as a father concerned with the proper social and educational formation of middle class or elite women and the role that it should play in nineteenth century society.

This article deals with the history of science and the conservation of jaguars in Brazilian biomes. It shows the direct relation between the scientific research and the strategies for the conservation of the species. The sources researched were books, scientific articles, master’s theses and doctoral dissertations, websites of governmental and non-governmental organizations, and conservation project reports. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of science and conservation projects in the production of knowledge and to promote a more harmonious coexistence between human populations and populations of jaguars.

The purpose of this text is to provide a long-term record of occurrences of the species Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit. in the Brazilian territory, in order to (i) determine if its introduction occurred before the earliest official record, (ii) identify points of occurrence in Brazil, and (iii) assess its status as a useful although invasive plant. The text is partly based on research done on the confirmed presence of this plant in the Brasília National Park, located in Brazil’s Federal District. Three databases available on the Internet containing information from several herbariums were accessed to obtain the location and the dates of the relevant records of the plant in Brazilian territory. We found that the species was rather widely present in the Brazilian territory before the official record of its earliest introduction. In addition, we found that the plant’s current geographic distribution indicates that it continues to have a strong invasive potential in Brazil, especially because there are social and technical incentives to cultivate it in rural properties.

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This article analyzes the flood and mass landslides in the Tubarão River Basin in 1974. The objective is to evaluate the measures taken by the Brazilian government in order to avoid the dismantling of the city. In this context, the condition “affected by the disaster” was reported by national and regional newspapers as a victim or villain, which varied according to the interests of ruling classes in the work of affected people. Disaster is understood in this work as a totalizing event, which expresses the logics of domination imposed on the environment and to the individuals. Thus, it was realized that at the Tubarão River Basin, poverty is the most significant condition to the production of vulnerability to social and environmental disasters.

Differently from the more cultural aspects that underlay German-Brazilian rural colonization in the 19th and 20th centuries, agrarian and silvan themes remain strictly placed in the social and environmental realities of southern Brazil. This discourse is still up to date and it reinforces the assumption that agricultural- silvan practices and knowledge carried by German-Brazilian rural society had their origins solely on the impositions of the south American side of the migration. Thus, the idea of rupture regarding agrarian systems and forest use imposed itself without further countercharges. In this paper, we aim at rethinking these assumptions through the concept of transfer, embedded into an environmental history approach and under a perspective of the history of knowledge, or better said, migrant knowledge. We claim that the birth of the German-Brazilian igneous and forest agriculture had been associated to the previous knowledge and practices of the German peasantry. Three vectors of transfers will be then analyzed: firstly, the management of extensive agriculture deprived from enough inputs of husbandry; second, the use of fire as a tool for land clearance and manuring; finally, the adoption of native crops by German-Brazilian rural society. These specific flows allow to argue the mobility and connections of knowledge and agricultural-silvan practices between Germany and Brazil. Therefore, before being an exclusively south American development, German-Brazilian agriculture was distinguished by hybridism, marked by transfer phenomena.

This article aims to present the environmental history of the Cerrado (the Brazilian tropical savannah) as a biogeographic system and the environmental consequences of the agricultural frontier expansion in central Brazil. The research based on a diverse set of documentary and bibliographic sources that highlight the Cerrado landscapes, its biodiversity, with emphasis on the historical processes of agricultural frontier expansion. This is a theoretical-methodological assumption of environmental history study to understand the relationship between society and the Cerrado ecosystem. The results show the understanding of the Cerrado as biogeographic system is complex and the different historical processes of perception, description and occupation of this ecosystem happens in a varied way, considering the landscapes diversity and the natural elements that compose it. In addition, the governmental efforts in scientific development to make the Cerrado an agricultural frontier as well as the agricultural expansion of the last 50 years have significantly changed its landscapes, generating impacts and irreversible environmental damage to this unique ecosystem in the central plateaus of South America South.

atin America is a place based on the denial of Old-World architecture. Its conception offers the possibility of constructing a physical reality, different from that prevailing in the European continent, given its varied geographical and spatial perspective. According to Ángel Rama, the city thus becomes the sign representing the new order and opens as the space that can embrace all the dreams of this new spatial understanding, since it is configured to be modern and ideologically opposed to its place of origin. This article presents the relation between the notion of environmental history and the identity project in Latin America, a geographical region that was established through the ideological search for its own characteristics. The constitutional reality of Latin America was through its physical space, an American dream, as said by Ángel Rama. In order to do so the text is composed by a brief introduction, stating the thematic perspective of the study, and three approaches: the first presents a discussion about the term “environmental history”, based on the critical thinking of Enrique Leff, and how this term is structured in the construction of Latin America; the second focuses on the case of José Mármol, an Argentinean exiled in Brazil in the first half of the 19th century, who wrote articles on the local environment for the Ostensor Brasileiro, a Rio de Janeiro newspaper, and how it interfered with the social identity formation of the natives; the third brings the eight texts of the Argentinean writer, published in the newspaper. As conclusion, a short reflection on the role that Latin American literature plays in the process of environmentalization of physical spaces, and how it becomes an effective instrument of interpretation and constitution of environmental history, as proposed by Enrique Lef.