RCAAP Repository

A temática do patrimônio, no âmbito da ciência geográfica, se apresenta como elemento de análise capaz de proporcionar ao discurso e à práxis um eixo condutor para o entendimento da relação sociedade-natureza. Este trabalho enfatiza a relação dos elementos do relevo como objetos de apropriação no contexto do sagrado. Tomou-se como caso analítico o morro da Capelinha, em Planaltina, no Distrito Federal, e sua utilização principal, a encenação da via-sacra e seus usos adjacentes como o apelo natural. _________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT

Este artigo tem por principal objetivo discutir o que denominamos a “dialética da construção destrutiva” que envolve as cidades históricas consagradas como Patrimônio Mundial ou Patrimônio Cultural da Humanidade, no Brasil. Esta dialética se dá no próprio percurso de consagração do Patrimônio Cultural da Humanidade, quando temos, por um lado, a UNESCO, através da Convenção do Patrimônio Mundial, do Comitê do Patrimônio Mundial e da Lista do Patrimônio Mundial, como um organismo internacional de proteção que luta pela preservação inconteste dos bens culturais e naturais do mundo, e por outro lado, em contraposição, a tendência contemporânea de mercantilização, banalização e destruição dos espaços da história, da memória, da cultura, da natureza e da vida, ou seja, são dois processos que se estabelecem, dialeticamente, no percurso de consagração do patrimônio cultural da humanidade. Nossa crítica se deve ao caráter meramente estético e classista da apropriação dos bens culturais via turismo implantado, descompromissadamente, em algumas cidades históricas vivas brasileiras; na fetichização e cenarização progressiva evidenciadas nos espaços do patrimônio. A cidade histórica, ao ser tomada pela “indústria cultural” por via do turismo, é destituída de sua particularidade no fortalecimento do sentimento de pertencimento ao lugar e na edificação da cidadania. Ante ao frenesi pela Lista do Patrimônio Mundial, urge a implementação da gestão participativa dos bens culturais da humanidade. ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT

O debate sobre os patrimônios cultural e natural ganha escopo em diferentes campos do saber, sob específicos prismas teoricometodológicos. Neste artigo, os autores do presente trabalho partem do pressuposto de que a ressignificação da cultura e da natureza transforma os territórios e reproduz as paisagens, o que pode rebater, direta e distintamente, nas condições de vida no campo e na cidade. Para verificar essa lógica no Brasil, o objetivo principal do trabalho é traçar o panorama recente da gestão e da conservação de dois bens chancelados como patrimônios da humanidade, no Centro-Oeste do país: Áreas Protegidas do Cerrado e Brasília. _________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, 2007.

Este artigo analisa a formação de uma ampla rede urbana de um tempo lento que (re)configura o território brasileiro, no século XVIII, com as atividades que subsidiam a economia da mineração do ouro e dos diamantes, a partir de uma abordagem geohistórica. Ao se formar uma rede intra e inter-regional de circulação de pessoas, novas mercadorias e idéias, produzem-se espaços econômicos particulares e lugares simbólicos referenciais no território da antiga zona da mineração. Logo, fica claro que esta empresa favoreceu a articulação de distintas áreas do território brasileiro e o estabelecimento de atividades paralelas, como a pecuária e a agricultura de subsistência, que se desenvolveram no século XVIII e ganharam vulto no século XIX, em alguns pontos da zona do ouro e dos diamantes. Refuta-se a tradicional análise historiográfica da crise que devasta o território mineiro com o declínio da extração do ouro, como já aponta a historiografia contemporânea, que indica as áreas econômicas mais dinâmicas no território mineiro, mesmo com o declínio da principal atividade, como parte da Comarca do Serro do Frio e a Comarca do Rio das Mortes, com São João Del Rei.

A preservação do patrimônio histórico através de uma política adequada constitui-se, atualmente, em uma forma de manutenção de nossa memória e em um paradigma de desenvolvimento econômico local, uma face voltada para a tradição e outra para a modernidade. Entretanto, além de soluções, a análise do espaço patrimonializado pode mostrar problemas estruturais e sociais. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho é, primeiro, compreender através dos bens patrimonializados, os diferentes usos estabelecidos em Tiradentes, por turistas e residentes, juntamente com as soluções e problemas que acompanham esses usos; segundo, verificar a política de patrimônio vigente na cidade. Busca-se desvendar os motivos da transformação daquele espaço em mercadoria, uma vez que o município encontrou o turismo como resposta socioeconômica ao seu patrimônio histórico setecentista e oitocentista. ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT

Este artigo baseia-se na análise da refuncionalização do patrimônio cultural, no Brasil, à guisa da nova racionalidade do capital hegemônico global que se instala nos núcleos urbanos tombados através de estratégias de intervenção e produção do espaço urbano. Para tanto, resgatamos um referencial teórico a respeito do espaço geográfico, do turismo e do patrimônio cultural, de forma relacionada. Na transformação de seu valor cultural em valor de troca, ou seja, tornando o patrimônio um atrativo para a mercantilização do lugar, verifica-se que a organização sócio-espacial destes núcleos acaba por evidenciar a perversidade da globalização econômica, onde se intensificam o processo de segregação sócio-espacial e a banalização pela cenarização destes núcleos, a tônica crítica deste trabalho.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Civil e Ambiental, 2012.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Elétrica, 2012.

Many experimental surgerical procedures have been perfomed in the analyse of the phenomenon of brain trophism and plasticity, however undesirable intercorrence can occour leading to specific changes in the results that should be taken into attention. To study this issue we have promoted a transient cardiogenic interruption of the blood flow together with a transient occlusion of the bilateral common carotid arteries (2VO) in rats and analysed the state of activation of astrocyte and microglia by means of the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and OX42 immunohistochemistry, respectively. Rats were submitted to incomplete global cerebral ischemia (IGCI) by occlusion of the bilateral carotid arteries for 30 minutes. During the IGCI surgical, some rats received a higher dose of the chloral hydrate anaesthesia which promoted a cardiogenic interruption of the blood flow (CIBF) for a period of 10 minutes followed by and prompt reperfusion. During that period, animals were submited to a cardiac massage and ventilated. Sham operation were made in control animals. Rats were killed and their brains processed 14 days after the surgery. The animals that have received a IGCI showed a slight astroglial and microglial reaction in all subfields of the hippocampal formation, however the animal submitted to CIBF showed a massive infiltration of the reactive astrocyte and microglia in CA1 subfield. This results demonstrated that a transient occlusion of the bilateral common carotid arteries leads to activation of glial cells in the hippocampus, however this response can be remarkable changed in animal developing a transient systemic hypoperfusion during surgery. Thus, an accurated monitoration of the hemodinamic condition of the animal has to be done in experimental models of brain ischemia and the results have to be analysed in view of this aspect. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Postprandial lipemia is characterized by an increased concentration of circulating lipids after fat intake and is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Exercise is known to reduce postprandial lipemia and its negative clinical outcomes. OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the effect of intense intermittent versus moderate continuous exercise using the same energy expenditure in postprandial lipemia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty healthy men (aged 21.5 + 3.5 years) performed a random sequence of either rest or 500 Kcal tests separated by a minimum 48 h interval as follows: (a) no exercise (control), (b) intense intermittent exercise, or (c) moderate continuous exercise. Each test series was completed 30 min before ingestion of a high-fat meal (1 g fat/kg). Venous blood was collected before and at 1, 2, 3 and 4 hours after the high-fat meal. Postprandial lipemia was assessed using the area under the curve approach as well as a kinetic profile of mean lipid variables. Statistical significance was tested at the p<0.05 level. RESULTS: With both statistical approaches, intense intermittent and moderate continuous exercises were both effective in reducing postprandial triglycerides; however, only intense intermittent exercise reduced the levels of postprandial very low density lipoprotein. Intense intermittent and continuous exercise produced lower levels of insulinemia using the area under the curve analysis only. CONCLUSION: Intense intermittent or continuous exercise with an energy expenditure of 500 kcal completed 30 min before ingestion of high-fat meal reduced postprandial lipid levels to different levels in physically active men. Understanding these relevant differences will enable clinicians to provide the best exercise prescription for patients.

O agronegócio do leite é bastante representativo no Brasil, tendo resultados expressivos em diversas regiões do país. No Distrito Federal, a produção é proveniente essencialmente da agricultura familiar e a área média dedicada à atividade é reduzida, o que impede sua expansão. Ações que objetivam o aprimoramento de diversas atividades relacionadas à agropecuária são desenvolvidas por meio da extensão rural, tendo em vista que esta possibilita troca de experiências e conhecimentos entre os atores. Este artigo é resultado direto de um projeto de extensão universitária realizado por discentes do curso de graduação em Gestão de Agronegócios da Universidade de Brasília. Em parceria com a Emater/DF, tal projeto é desenvolvido com o intuito de habilitar produtores rurais de leite no Distrito Federal e seus filhos ao uso do software de gerenciamento rural, Rural-Pró 2010, visando maior controle gerencial da propriedade, e se caracteriza essencialmente por sua ação contínua, estando apenas em uma fase inicial de execução. ______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT

Nitric oxide (NO) donors produce NO-related activity when applied to biological systems. Among its diverse functions, NO has been implicated in vascular smooth muscle relaxation. Despite the great importance of NO in biological systems, its pharmacological and physiological studies have been limited due to its high reactivity and short half-life. In this review we will focus on our recent investigations of nitrosyl ruthenium complexes as NO-delivery agents and their effects on vascular smooth muscle cell relaxation. The high affinity of ruthenium for NO is a marked feature of its chemistry. The main signaling pathway responsible for the vascular relaxation induced by NO involves the activation of soluble guanylyl-cyclase, with subsequent accumulation of cGMP and activation of cGMP-dependent protein kinase. This in turn can activate several proteins such as K+ channels as well as induce vasodilatation by a decrease in cytosolic Ca2+. Oxidative stress and associated oxidative damage are mediators of vascular damage in several cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension. The increased production of the superoxide anion (O2-) by the vascular wall has been observed in different animal models of hypertension. Vascular relaxation to the endogenous NO-related response or to NO released from NO deliverers is impaired in vessels from renal hypertensive (2K-1C) rats. A growing amount of evidence supports the possibility that increased NO inactivation by excess O2- may account for the decreased NO bioavailability and vascular dysfunction in hypertension.

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Psicologia, Departamento de Psicologia Social e do Trabalho, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia Social, do Trabalho e das Organizações, 2007.

An experience aiming to promote a residue interchange and recovery between the teaching laboratories of the Chemistry Institute of this University is described. At the present, several residues interchange have already appeared as advantageous. To make the work easier, a software has been developed in order to keep a record of all the residues generated by the teaching laboratories. Standard labels have been developed for the residues in order to organize them. The software and the label design are described.

Despite studies concerning toxic reactions related to amalgam components in the literature, few studies have been devoted to evaluate local noxious effects of amalgam tattoos (AT) on biological tissues. In addition, little is known about activation of inflammatory cells by mucosa-implanted amalgam debris. Tissue reaction to AT depends on the particle size. Human leukocyte antigen DR (HLA-DR) is an activation marker of inflammatory cells associated with antigen presentation. Metallothioneins (MT) are proteins involved with metal detoxication, including mercury and silver. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the immunolocalization of HLA-DR and MT in AT with large or powdered particles. Paraffin-embedded AT tissue blocks were sectioned and subjected to immunohistochemistry for HLA-DR and MT localization. The results demonstrated a dense mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate associated with large and powdered debris and positivity for HLA-DR and MT in inflammatory cells. While blood vessel walls and connective fibers impregnated with powdered particles were negative for HLA-DR, they were positive for MT. In addition, wherever epithelial basement membrane impregnation by powdered amalgam particles was observed, a strong positivity for MT was detected. These findings demonstrate that residual elements of AT still have noxious local effects over tissues. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To compare skin folds in the dominant and nondominant halves of the body in a group (A) of 20 individuals with cerebral palsy and spastic hemiplegia and a group (B) of 30 normal volunteers. METHOD: Body mass, height and skin folds were measured, and the percentage of body fat was estimated by adipose tissue measurement and densitometry. The mean age in group (A) was 24.6 ± 5.6 years (ranging from 16.1 to 38.1 years). The mean age in group (B) was 25.3 ± 3.8 years (ranging from 19.0 to 34.11 years). RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were observed between the dominant and nondominant halves of the body for biceps, triceps, thoracic, suprailiac, thigh and midcalf skin folds in group A; the biceps, subscapular, midaxillary, suprailiac, abdominal, thigh and midcalf skin folds in group B; and the percentage fat obtained by adipose tissue measurement in both groups. Statistically significant differences were observed for the triceps skin fold when the dominant halves of the body in groups A and B were compared. Statistically significant differences were also observed for the biceps, triceps, thigh and midcalf skin folds as well as the adipose tissue measurements between the dominant and nondominant halves of the body in the two groups. The percentage fat as estimated by densitometry was significantly correlated with the adipose tissue measurement. CONCLUSION: There were statistically significant differences between the skin folds in the dominant and nondominant halves of the body, both in group A and in group B (greater in group A). There was a statistically significant correlation in the percentage fat as estimated by densitometry and as measured by adipose tissue in groups A and B.

It is widely accepted that the classical constant-temperature hot-plate test is insensitive to cyclooxygenase inhibitors. In the current study, we developed a variant of the hot-plate test procedure (modified hot-plate (MHP) test) to measure inflammatory nociception in freely moving rats and mice. Following left and right hind paw stimulation with a phlogogen and vehicle, respectively, the animals were placed individually on a hot-plate surface at 51ºC and the withdrawal latency for each paw was determined simultaneously in measurements performed at 15, 60, 180, and 360 min post-challenge. Plantar stimulation of rats (250 and 500 µg/paw) and mice (125-500 µg/paw) with carrageen an led to a rapid hyperalgesic response of the ipsilateral paw that reached a plateau from 15 to 360 min after challenge. Pretreatment with indomethacin (4 mg/kg, ip) inhibited the phenomenon at all the times analyzed. Similarly, plantar stimulation of rats and mice with prostaglandin E2 (0.5 and 1 µg/paw) also resulted in rapid hyperalgesia which was first detected 15 min post-challenge. Finally, we observed that the MHP test was more sensitive than the classical Hargreaves' test, being able to detect about 4- and 10-fold lower doses of prostaglandin E2 and carrageenan, respectively. In conclusion, the MHP test is a simple and sensitive method for detecting peripheral hyperalgesia and analgesia in rats and mice. This test represents a low-cost alternative for the study of inflammatory pain in freely moving animals.

Two natural products Polypodium leucotomos extract (PL) and kojic acid (KA) were tested for their ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species (•OH, •O2-, H2O2, 1O2) in phosphate buffer. Hydroxyl radicals were generated by the Fenton reaction, and the rate constants of scavenging were 1.6 x 109 M-1 s-1 for KA and 1.0 x 109 M-1 s-1 for PL, similar to that of ethanol (1.4 x 109 M-1 s-1). With superoxide anions generated by the xanthine/hypoxanthine system, KA and PL (0.2-1.0 mg/ml) inhibited •O2-dependent reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium by up to 30 and 31%, respectively. In the detection of 1O2 by rose bengal irradiation, PL at 1.0 mg/ml quenched singlet oxygen by 43% relative to azide and KA by 36%. The present study demonstrates that PL showed an antioxidant effect, scavenging three of four reactive oxygen species tested here. Unlike KA, PL did not significantly scavenge hydrogen peroxide.

We present an investigation of a case of polymyositis affecting two sisters of one same parenthood. Their cases have been documented for almost two decades, being investigated by means of a diagnostic protocol which combined clinical findings as well as laboratorial, histopathological and image tests. In both cases, clinical manifestations started in childhood, without signs of involvement of the central and peripheral nervous system. Both patients proved to respond to a therapeutics based on corticosteroids. The degree of relatedness between their parents corroborate the notion that genetic factors may contribute to the development of the disease. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ RESUMO