RCAAP Repository

Esta dissertação foca-se no Psicoticismo enquanto traço de personalidade patológico e a sua relação com as dimensões normativas da personalidade, nas populações clínica e normativa. Tem como principais objetivos (1) explorar a relação do Psicoticismo com os dados sociodemográficos e com os traços de personalidade no grupo clínico e no grupo de controlo; (2) comparar os traços de personalidade normativos e os traços de personalidade patológicos em ambos os grupos; (3) identificar os traços de personalidade normativos que predizem o Psicoticismo; e (4) identificar os traços de personalidade patológicos que predizem a Abertura à Experiência. A amostra deste estudo divide-se em dois grupos com idade igual ou superior a 18 anos: (1) grupo clínico, com 84 participantes da população clínica (M = 48.20 anos; DP = 12.62 anos); e (2) grupo de controlo, com 90 participantes da população geral (M = 40.07 anos; DP = 14.34 anos). Foram administrados dois questionários de autorrelato: NEO-FFI (Neo-Five Factor Inventory) e o PID-5 (Personality Inventory for DSM-5). Os resultados revelam que no grupo clínico, a idade apresenta uma relação inversa com o Psicoticismo, não havendo relação com o sexo. Relativamente ao grupo de controlo não foram encontradas relações com os dados sociodemográficos. O Psicoticismo apresenta uma relação direta com os traços do NEO relativos ao Psicoticismo e o Neuroticismo e uma relação inversa com a Amabilidade e a Conscienciosidade, em ambos os grupos. A relação do Psicoticismo com Abertura à Experiência é inversa no grupo clínico e direta no grupo de controlo. O grupo clínico apresenta resultados médios mais elevados em todas as dimensões psicopatológicas do PID-5 e na dimensão Neuroticismo do NEO-FFI. O Psicoticismo foi predito, tanto no grupo clínico como no grupo de controlo, pelo Neuroticismo e pela Consciensiosidade. Enquanto a Abertura à Experiência foi predita, no grupo clínico, pela Afetividade Negativa e pelo Antagonismo; no grupo de controlo, foi predita pela Afetividade Negativa e pelo Psicoticismo. São discutidas implicações teóricas para a compreensão da relação do Psicoticismo com as variáveis do Modelo dos Cinco Fatores e as respetivas diferenças no grupo clínico e no grupo de controlo.

Objetivo: O objetivo principal proposto prende-se com a necessidade de entender de que forma a qualidade dos cuidados maternos prestados aos bebés nascidos de prétermo influenciam a perceção materna do sono dos bebés. Amostra: Mães (N = 32) de bebés entre os 6 e os 12 meses de idade cronológica que tenham nascido de pré-termo. Instrumentos: Questionário Sociodemográfico e Clínico; Questionário da Perceção Materna acerca do Sono do Bebé Nascido de Pré-Termo (Coelho, 2020); Escala de Investimento Parental na Criança de Bradley e colegas (1997; versão portuguesa: Gameiro et al., 2008) e Questionário das Caraterísticas do Bebé de Bates e colegas (1979; versão portuguesa: Soares et al., 2010). Hipótese: Espera-se que a qualidade dos cuidados maternos prestados aos bebés nascidos de pré-termo dê um contributo significativo para a explicação da variância estatística da perceção materna do sono destes bebés. Resultados: A perceção materna sobre os cuidados prestados ao bebé não influencia significativamente a perceção do sono dos bebés nascidos de pré-termo. Verificou-se, no entanto, que a perceção materna sobre o temperamento do bebé parece ser uma variável que contribui para a explicação da perceção materna do sono dos bebés. Conclusão: A perceção materna sobre os cuidados maternos não mostra ser a variável com maior influência sobre a variância do sono dos bebés, mas sim a perceção materna do temperamento do bebé. Vários aspetos poderão estar associados a estes resultados, nomeadamente o facto de lidarmos com a perceção materna e não com comportamentos, a relação entre os cuidadores e as práticas parentais ou as próprias estratégias utilizadas, de forma individualizada, pela mãe, na rotina do sono e consequentes cuidados.

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Extraídos a partir do corpus on-line EFFE-On, este trabalho investiga, nos dados de escrita infantil de uma amostra de 40 crianças dos 2º e 4º anos de escolaridade de uma escola privada de Lisboa, os ditongos orais decrescentes do Português Europeu (PE). Constituindo-se como um trabalho longitudinal de interface fonologia-escrita, os dados da escrita infantil analisados pretendem responder a questões orientadoras como: (i) de que forma é que as crianças representam (orto)graficamente os ditongos orais decrescentes e que dificuldades advêm desse exercício de escrita?; (ii) de que forma é que essas representações escritas evoluem nos dados de ortografia da amostra selecionada do 2º para o 4º ano de escolaridade?; (iii) que impacto as diferenças fonológicas existentes entre os ditongos monoposicionais e biposicionais orais têm nos dados de ortografia infantil da amostra selecionada? Os resultados gerais desta investigação, cuja análise esteve somente direcionada para as formas ou grafias não-convencionais (FN-C’s) encontradas, conduzem-nos às seguintes conclusões: (a) as FN-C’s *ai e *o que se registam para os ditongos ortográficos <ei> e <ou>, respetivamente, são aquelas que qualitativamente têm uma relação mais direta com o observado na oralidade/pronúncia do PE padrão; (b) as FN-C’s *ao, *eo, *io e *ui que se registam para os ditongos ortográficos <au>, <eu>/<éu>, <iu> e <oi>, respetivamente, são aquelas que qualitativamente revelam a equivalência que ambos os grafemas <o> e <u> possuem, na escrita do português, de representarem os fones [w] (< /u/) e [u]; (c) os ditongos ortográficos estruturalmente monoposicionais <ou> e <iu> são aqueles que, em ambos os anos de escolaridade em estudo, mantêm um maior número de FN-C’s, especialmente no paradigma verbal; (d) quantitativamente, as FN-C’s analisadas no contexto desta investigação para cada ditongo ortográfico são sempre inferiores às formas convencionais (F-C’s) correspondentes desses mesmos ditongos; (e) a complexidade dos processos fonológicos inerentes aos ditongos estruturalmente monoposicionais pode estar a condicionar o aparecimento de um maior número de FN-C’s nas formas verbais, apesar de defendermos que a pronúncia/oralidade da variedade padrão do PE tem um efeito mais evidente na representação (orto)gráfica desses ditongos.

Esta dissertação busca investigar a fértil produção cultural, principalmente no campo musical, ocorrida no Brasil entre 1958 e 1968, com o surgimento de três movimentos que revolucionaram a música do país; a bossa nova, a MPB (Música Popular Brasileira) e o tropicalismo. Neste período de dez anos, floresceram vanguardas teatrais, literárias, plásticas, a arte engajada e o Cinema Novo, em um contexto que passa pela euforia do fim dos anos 1950, o golpe militar de 1964 e o recrudescimento da repressão e da censura do regime ditatorial após a promulgação do Ato Institucional Nº 5 (AI-5), que, na seara artística, culminou com a prisão e o exílio de Caetano Veloso e Gilberto Gil. O trabalho visa analisar como essa ebulição cultural dialoga com aquele momento histórico do Brasil, principalmente por meio das canções de protesto e dos festivais.

This article reflects on the visual perception in the animated narrative in Virtual Reality through the observation of the experiences “A Mãe de Sangue”, “Dar Cria” and “Lucido” by the multidisciplinary artist Vier Nev. Vier Nev builds an animated narrative in Virtual Reality and plays graphically with visual perception. This article analyzes how this work is done and how the use of a false window within Virtual Reality can bring greater immersion and a sense of presence to the observer

Epipterygium atlanticum Hanusch is a recently described species based on plants occurring mainly in Macaronesia, with one collection from Scotland. Against this background, we studied 144 specimens of E. tozeri s.l. in LISU herbarium from mainland Portugal, including recent field collections, and 70 were referable to E. atlanticum. The length and width of mid-leaf laminal cells of lateral leaves were the most important morphological characters for the delimitation of the two European species. Epipterygium atlanticum is a widely distributed taxon throughout the Portuguese territory, becoming more frequent in Atlantic zones and in the Algarve. We provide an updated map of the distribution of both species and a brief account of their ecology and habitat preferences.

Food poisoning by staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE) is a major cause of foodborne illness, often associated with coagulase-positive staphylococci (CPS). The increase in the number of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains is another major problem associated with CPS. However, reports of the association of SE and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus with coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) are beginning to re-emerge. In this context, the aim of this study is to investigate the presence of staphylococcal enterotoxin genes and to characterize the phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance in 66 isolates of Staphylococcus spp. (47 CNS and 19 CPS) recovered from ready-to-eat (RTE) street food sold in Maputo, Mozambique. Seven virulence genes encoding SE (sea, seb, sec, sed and see) and two toxins (hlb and sak) were screened by multiplex PCR (MPCR). Antimicrobial resistance against 12 antibiotics was evaluated by the disk diffusion method. The presence of genes encoding resistance to penicillin, methicillin, vancomycin and erythromycin (blaZ, mecA, vancA, vancB, ermA, ermB and ermC) were also screened by PCR. At least one of the seven virulence genes assessed in this study was detected in 57.9% and 51% of CPS and CNS isolates, respectively. In CPS isolates, the most frequent gene was hlb (47.4%), followed by sec (15.8%) and sea, seb and sed genes with 5.3% each. In CNS isolates, the most frequent gene was sec (36.2%) followed by sak (17%), hlb (14.9%), sed (12.8%) and seb (6.4%). Five of the twelve CPS in which virulence genes were detected were also antibiotic-resistant. All the CNS isolates harboring virulence genes (n = 27, 57.4%) were antimicrobial-resistant. The prevalence of multidrug resistance was higher (59.6%) in CNS than in CPS (26.3%) isolates. Regarding the presence of antibiotic-resistance genes, blaZ (penicillin-resistant) was the most frequent in both CPS (42.1%) and CNS (87.2%), followed by the mecA (encoding methicillin resistance) and vancA genes (vancomycin-resistant), which represented 36.8% and 31.6% in CPS isolates and 46.8% in CNS isolates, respectively. The prevalence of vancomycin-resistant staphylococci has been increasing worldwide and, to our knowledge, this is the first study to report the occurrence of vancomycin-resistant staphylococci in Mozambique. These results emphasize the need to investigate CNS isolates in parallel with CPS, as both constitute public health hazards, given their potential to produce SE and spread antimicrobial resistance genes.

Tendo em vista a importância do layout da primeira página de jornal na construção e reprodução de ideias e valores na sociedade, bem como a inexistência de trabalhos em Portugal que focalizem tal objeto a partir de uma perspectiva multimodal, este artigo mostra-se relevante por colaborar com a expansão dos estudos sobre a teoria da multimodalidade no cenário de pesquisa internacional, nomeadamente ao abordar questões relacionadas à construção de significados sociais a partir do layout da primeira página de jornais portugueses. Para o presente estudo, propõe-se o corpus de análise composto pela primeira página das edições dos jornais tidos como “imprensa de referência” em Portugal: Diário de Notícias, Correio da Manhã e Público, edições de 23 de fevereiro de 2008.

Introdução: Com o aumento da intensidade das alterações climáticas e a sobre-exploração dos recursos naturais, é urgente a mudança de atitudes em prol de um planeta mais verde. A sustentabilidade na higiene oral deve ser uma preocupação, mantendo a qualidade e eficácia dos produtos escolhidos, para uma boa saúde oral. No mercado existem diversos formatos de dentífricos sustentáveis como é o caso das pastilhas, à base de ingredientes naturais e com menor pegada de carbono para o ambiente. Objetivo: Avaliar as pastilhas dentífricas fluoretadas DENTTABS®, quanto ao seu efeito na saúde oral, bem como a satisfação e motivação do consumidor na sua utilização. Metodologia: Realizou-se um estudo clínico aleatorizado cruzado, com dois grupos de participantes, em que cada grupo foi exposto a ambas as intervenções: 14 dias de uso do dentífrico habitual e 14 dias de uso das pastilhas dentífricas. Ao fim de cada 14 dias foi preenchido um questionário sobre a sua satisfação de utilização e foram avaliados os índices gengivais (índice percentual de hemorragia e índice gengival de Löe & Silness) e de placa (índice percentual de placa e índice de placa de Löe & Silness). Os dados foram analisados no software SPSS® versão 27, considerando o nível de significância de 0,05. Resultados: No estudo participaram 39 pacientes. Ambos os dentífricos demonstraram ser eficazes na redução de gengivite e da placa bacteriana, não tendo sido encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os dentífricos quando avaliada a sua eficácia. A satisfação e a autopercepção da motivação do uso pastilhas dentífricas foi semelhante ao dentífrico habitual, não apresentando influência nos índices de saúde oral. Conclusão: As pastilhas dentífricas apresentam uma eficácia idêntica na redução dos índices de saúde oral, comparativamente aos dentífricos, assim como na satisfação e na autopercepção de motivação da sua utilização.

The diversity of genetic resources is essential to cope with environmental changes. However, despite forests play a crucial role in mitigating changes, genetic knowledge has scarcely been used for forest conservation. In this study, we used nuclear microsatellites to understand the patterns of genetic diversity and population genetic structure in Ocotea rotundata van der Werff (Lauraceae), an endemic Ecuadorian tree, highly affected by habitat changes and fragmentation. Our results show high levels of genetic diversity, except in one population. The level of genetic differentiation between populations was low and genetic clusters showed no apparent spatial pattern. In fact, a high degree of genetic admixture was found between most populations. Migration rates were asymmetric but overall high, except in one population, where outgoing gene dispersal was limited. Nevertheless, allelic fixation values suggested a general deficit in heterozygotes, probably due to an increase in the levels of mating between close relatives. Although long-lived organisms, such as trees, can often accumulate a surprising amount of genetic diversity, the results found here could be an early sign of a decline in the diversity of O. rotundata. These findings provide baseline information on genetic resources to support future restoration programs to mitigate the impacts of changes in O. rotundata populations.

Human-induced water level fluctuations (WLFs) are among the major pressures threatening lake ecosystems. Their effect on meiobenthic species of the littoral zone has been poorly investigated. In this study, we aimed at assessing the effects of human-induced WLFs on the composition and functionality of the benthic copepod assemblages of the littoral zone of Lake Maggiore, Italy and Switzerland. From 1942 to present, the water level of Lake Maggiore has been regulated through the Miorina Dam. We monitored copepod assemblages during different water levels defined within the period of regulation by the dam, using taxonomy- and trait-based metrics. We observed variation in the overall abundance and biomass of copepods, as well as in the number of individuals belonging to some trait classes such as ovigerous females, opportunists, omnivores and deposit feeders. None of the investigated trait class was completely lost. The results of our study suggest that ecosystem services supplied by the littoral zone of Lake Maggiore are likely altered by human-induced WLFs. Our findings provide a first picture of WLF impacts on benthic copepod assemblages, which can be useful for future research expanding on other functional traits.

The Ovar coastline is characterized as one of the coastal areas with the highest vulnerability and risk of erosion in the Portuguese coast. The high-energy coast is further threatened by a permanent sediment deficit of anthropic origin, as well as sea level rise due to climate change. It is essential to define modern coastal adaptation strategies to minimize the impacts of these issues on the local communities, while considering social, environmental, and economic factors. It is in this territory that the INCCA project’s case study is located, involving stakeholders with technical, scientific, and operational knowledge in the co-management of the coastal stretch. In the scope of the involvement intended for the project’s development, five participatory events were held, involving local authorities, civil protection, public entities, academia, and the general community. These events allowed a multidisciplinary and multi-stakeholder analysis of the challenges and possible solutions to mitigate coastal erosion, representing the definition of a shared vision for the coastline’s future in this municipality. This work presents the main results of this participatory process as well as reflections on the importance of active citizenship instruments and stakeholder involvement for integrated coastal management in the 21st century.

Several safe boundaries of critical Earth system processes have already been crossed due to human perturbations; not accounting for their interactions may further narrow the safe operating space for humanity. Using expert knowledge elicitation, we explored interactions among seven variables representing Earth system processes relevant to food production, identifying many interactions little explored in Earth system literature. We found that green water and land system change affect other Earth system processes strongly, while land, freshwater and ocean components of biosphere integrity are the most impacted by other Earth system processes, most notably blue water and biogeochemical flows. We also mapped a complex network of mechanisms mediating these interactions and created a future research prioritization scheme based on interaction strengths and existing knowledge gaps. Our study improves the understanding of Earth system interactions, with sustainability implications including improved Earth system modelling and more explicit biophysical limits for future food production.

The White Sands lizards of New Mexico are a rare and classic example of convergent evolution where three species have evolved blanched coloration on the white gypsum dunes. Until now, no geological replicate of the pattern had been described. However, one of the White Sands species, the lesser earless lizard (Holbrookia maculata), has been discovered to also inhabit the Salt Basin Dunes of Texas, where it has also evolved a blanched morph. We here present a first phenotypic and genetic description of the Salt Basin Dunes population of H. maculata. Phylogenetic inference based on a housekeeping gene (ND4) and a classic candidate gene in the melanin-synthesis pathway (Melanocortin 1 Receptor; Mc1r) shows the newly discovered population as an independent lineage, with no evidence of genetic parallelism in the coding region of Mc1r. Initial morphological data suggest that while this population displays convergent evolution in blanched coloration, there are divergent patterns in limb length and habitat use behavior between the gypsum environments. Our findings present the White Sands/Salt Basin Dunes as an exceptionally promising comparative model for studies of adaptation and convergent evolution.

Salinity causes significant agricultural losses in many areas in the world. Plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) are a promising solution to enhance plant growth and productivity under such stress conditions by different mechanisms, mainly phosphorous solubilization. This study aims to improve wheat seedling growth under salt stress by a halotolerant phosphorous-solubilizing bacterial strain. Soil sample was collected in the south of Algeria (Ghardaia), and bacterial isolation was carried out on nutrient agar (NA) at different NaCl concentrations (300; 600 and 900 mM). The ability of the halotolerant isolates to solubilize inorganic phosphorous at 0; 300; 600 and 900 mM NaCl was determined. The isolate that showed the highest solubilization indexes was selected and identified as Pseudomonas azotoformans. Sterile wheat (Triticum aestivum) seeds were inoculated by this strain and then sown in soil at different NaCl concentrations (0; 100; 200; 300 mM). Different growth parameters were measured after 15 days. The strain showed its highest capacity for phosphorous solubilization (255.152 ± 0.01 µg/mL) at 300 mM NaCl, and for phytate mineralization (0.168 ± 0.002 U/mL) at 100 mM NaCl. The highest amount of soluble phosphorous in the soil was 49.42 ± 0.36 ppm obtained at 100 mM NaCl. Seed germination percentage, shoot and root length and fresh and dry weights were found to be higher in bacterial inoculated seedlings compared to uninoculated ones. According to this study, the use of plant growth promoting bacteria represents an important biotechnological approach to restore phosphorous levels in saline soils and to promote plant growth in salt-affected agricultural land.

Climate change and the accelerated rate of population growth are imposing a progressive degradation of natural ecosystems worldwide. In this context, the use of pioneer trees represents a powerful approach to reverse the situation. Among others, N2-fixing actinorhizal trees constitute important elements of plant communities and have been successfully used in land reclamation at a global scale. In this study, we have analyzed the transcriptome of the photosynthetic organs of Casuarina glauca (branchlets) to unravel the molecular mechanisms underlying salt stress tolerance. For that, C. glauca plants supplied either with chemical nitrogen (KNO3+) or nodulated by Frankia (NOD+) were exposed to a gradient of salt concentrations (200, 400, and 600 mM NaCl) and RNA-Seq was performed. An average of ca. 25 million clean reads was obtained for each group of plants, corresponding to 86,202 unigenes. The patterns of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) clearly separate two groups: (i) control- and 200 mM NaCl-treated plants, and (ii) 400 and 600 mM NaCl-treated plants. Additionally, although the number of total transcripts was relatively high in both plant groups, the percentage of significant DEGs was very low, ranging from 6 (200 mM NaCl/NOD+) to 314 (600 mM NaCl/KNO3+), mostly involving down-regulation. The vast majority of up-regulated genes was related to regulatory processes, reinforcing the hypothesis that some ecotypes of C. glauca have a strong stress-responsive system with an extensive set of constitutive defense mechanisms, complemented by a tight mechanism of transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation. The results suggest that the robustness of the stress response system in C. glauca is regulated by a limited number of genes that tightly regulate detoxification and protein/enzyme stability, highlighting the complexity of the molecular interactions leading to salinity tolerance in this species.

The purpose of the article is to contribute to structuring the problem of how to advance a sustainable energy transition and achieve carbon neutrality goals while ensuring a democratic and inclusive process, by drawing on a pilot case – i.e., the energy transition in Portugal. By building on approaches and concepts from the Sustainability Transitions research field, the article explores perceptions, values, and concerns regarding distributed and centralized energy models; inclusivity and energy democracy; energy systems’ sustainability concerns and the speed of the transition. The study draws on the hypothesis that stakeholders across the state, market, community and third sector spheres, while equally supporting decarbonization, have different perceptions, values, and concerns regarding the social, environmental, and technological dynamics of the energy transition that need to be better understood for accelerating the transition. The multi-method approach included interviews, a survey (N = 110) and a stakeholder workshop, to unpack the key values and preferences around energy system technologies, sustainability and inclusionary aspects, the role of centralized and distributed energy systems and new investments, namely in green hydrogen and lithium mining. The results indicate there is a significant convergence on the fact that decarbonization is a priority that needs to be supported by inclusive and democratic processes. Decentralization, energy communities and solar energy are extremely valued, and transparency and information sharing are crucial expectations for new lithium mining projects, large-scale solar and green hydrogen investments. These findings outline some avenues for future research, where participation and transparency become anchors for a sustainable and inclusive transition.

The mesosoma is the power core of the ant, containing critical structural and muscular elements for the movement of the head, legs, and metasoma. It has been hypothesized that adaptation to ground locomotion and the loss of flight led to the substantial rearrangements in the mesosoma in worker ants and that it is likely the ant mesosoma has undergone functional modifications as ants diversified into different ecological and behavioral niches. Despite this importance, studies on the anatomy of the ant mesosoma are still scarce, and there is limited understanding of important variation of internal structures across the ant phylogeny. Recent advances in imaging techniques have made it possible to digitally dissect small insects, to document the anatomy efficiently and in detail, and to visualize these data in 3D. Here we document the mesosomal skeletomuscular system of workers of the red wood ant, Formica rufa Linnaeus, 1761, and use it to establish a 3D atlas of mesosomal anatomy that will serve as reference work for further studies. We discuss and illustrate the configuration of the skeletomuscular components and the function of the muscles in interaction with the skeletal elements. This anatomical evaluation of a ‘generalized’ ant provides a template for future studies of the mesosoma across the radiation of Formicidae, with the ultimate objective of synthesizing structural, functional, and transformational information to understand the evolution of a crucial body region of ants.

Na origem deste ensaio encontra-se o exercício de reflexão sobre a disciplina que integra o plano de estudos da licenciatura em Línguas e Literaturas Modernas, com a variante de Inglês, ministrada pelo Departamento de Estudos Anglísticos da Faculdade de Letras de Lisboa. Apresentado como Relatório para o concurso a Professor Associado, Cânone e Diversidade incide sobre o programa, os conteúdos e os métodos de ensino teórico e prático de Literatura e Cultura Norte-Americana II.