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This work discusses informality in the urban environment in respect to the informal property market in favelas. We begin with a reflection on the increasing number of informal settlements in third world countries, and subsequently consider the specific case of latin american cities before finally arriving at an analysis of the debate surrounding brazilian cities. This reflection will be based upon the works of Cities Alliance, Gilbert, Smolka, de Soto, and other authors. The principal focus of this analysis is based which evaluates the question of the paradigm shift in government actions related to the housing problem for low income populations. As described by Durand-Lasserve (2003), Cardoso (2003), and Abramo (2003), the strategies used by governments changed, because international funding agencies began to encourage a shift in the negotiation of policies for low income housing to include the objective of combating territorial exclusion and the growth of the construction of informal settlements. In this new model cities receive funding directly from international financial institutions (without the mediation of central governments) in order to undertake programs and projects focused on combating poverty and territorial exclusion.

The problem of urbanization in areas set aside for environmental preservation in Brazil has been occurring simultaneously with the implementation of conservation areas since the 1930s. Such urbanization usually ignores the law when: 1) it happens after the implementation of a given conservation area; 2) the human settlements existed previously and are legally incorporated into the defined preservation perimeter of the conservation area. This brings up the central issue of this text, namely how to deal with these settlements once the preservation areas are established under the law. In order to better understand this problem, we performed a historical search on administration politics, legislation and ideas identified in this process, from its origin to the current days, in Brazil and more specifically in the state of São Paulo. The relationship between urbanization and environmental preservation became conflicting, because the preservation ideals are at odds with soil use and occupation by man.

Salvo poucos casos, a hidrografia de nossas cidades não está vinculada a parques ou, genericamente falando, às áreas verdes. A regra, até hoje, é a sobreposição pura e simples, sem a intermediação de áreas verdes, do sistema viário ao sistema hidrográfico. O plano diretor estratégico de 2002, para o município de São Paulo, propõe a correção do modelo usual para os vales que ainda não foram impermeabilizados por avenidas. Sobre esses vales, que compõem a chamada "Rede Hídrica Estrutural", estariam apoiados parques lineares. Cumpre, no entanto, estender esse conceito à "rede hidrográfica capilar". Trata-se de pequenos cursos d'água, a maioria ocultos, cujos únicos vestígios são becos e vielas resultantes de sua canalização e enterramento. Fazer aflorar, se não os córregos propriamente ditos, ao menos sua memória, é um trabalho necessário e possível. Além dos efeitos pedagógicos de trazer à consciência dos habitantes da cidade sua base natural recalcada, pequenas intervenções nessas áreas poderiam recuperar vielas, ruas e becos, hoje escuros, sujos e desertos, integrando-os à paisagem urbana.

The industrialization and urban growth process in the municipalities of the Piracicaba, Capivari and Jundiaí river basins, spanning from 1970 to 2001, has severely affected the environment, especially the region's water resources. The growth in fresh water demand and pollution of these waterways have jeopardized both the availability and the quality of this resource. These facts are confirmed by surveys of these river basins performed by government agencies. The objective of this article is to analyze both the causes and characteristics of this industrialization and urban growth process as well as its consequences on water resources. It will also evaluate environmental laws and environmental urban-management procedures in the above municipalities.

This text is an analytical and critical study of the construction, use and renovation of the Sorocabana railway station - from its construction in 1914 to the present day. Initially the building was the headquarters of the Sorocabana rail company, which transported coffee and passengers between the capital and the western regions of the state of São Paulo. The building was then used by the government's Department of Political and Social Order from 1930 to 1976, the year when it was declared a historical landmark. The building had no formal records until its restoration and unfinished refurbishing, aimed at accommodating a music school. Finally the facilities were chosen to house a museum dedicated to brazilian folklore.

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Design management has appeared as the missing management tool to allow the designer to regain the lead position in a scenario of new typology pertaining to context mutations produced in social, cultural, economic and technological factors and which affect product development.

This article reports my experience in the PAE - the University of São Paulo's Teaching Assistantship Program for graduate students, in 1996 and 2000-2001, assisting History and Theory of Architecture classes at the FAUUSP (the School of Architecture and Urbanism, University of São Paulo). This paper also discusses experimental classroom activities and practice work proposed from my PAE experience.

This paper introduces the requirements of temporal continuity and spatial unity, which are necessary in eliminating information redundancy in projects. Information redundancy results in no only higher maintenance costs (because of copies) but also brings about inconsistency; this happens on a general and on a specific basis, e.g., in projects. The temporal continuity requirement is the ability to transport the digital model throughout the various project phases and/or throughout different applications of a CAD system, without ambiguity or loss of information. It should also cope with increasingly higher project complexity. The spatial unity requirement is the ability to manipulate a project model as a whole, and to properly represent project elements on a given scale and presentation view. The ideal CAD system must be capable of manipulating a single model that can be gradually detailed, from the creative stage through construction detailing. It must also allow for accurate project element representation on a given view and presentation scale.

The widespread repercussion and influence of Andrea Palladio's architecture in Europe and subsequently in the United States were due largely to the outstanding communicative competence of his treatise, I Quatro Libri dell' Architettura. Concisely written and, above all, clear in its exposition of concepts, the treatise presents an objective, uniform, and "economical" diagrammatic proposition, treating with the same rigor the layout of its pages, the architectural design, and the text to compose a recognizable dialogue. In reading as a secondary text the villa projects Palladio designed over 30 years and introduced with extreme rigor in the second book, we seek to reconsider and discuss his establishment of the sound and tense link between theory and practice, idea and concreteness.

O presente trabalho tem por propósito discutir as práticas sobre o ambiente construído histórico e seus paradoxos, tais como: a hipertrofia da idéia de patrimônio, o fenômeno do fachadismo e os efeitos de gentrification. As discussões serão apoiadas no estudo de caso: a reconversão da fábrica de chocolates Nestlé em sede social dessa empresa, situada em Noisiel (França, 1995).

The municipality of São Vicente on the coast of the state of São Paulo rose from the first village founded in Brazil in 1532. This text reveals some remaining elements in an attempt to have them recognized as part of our cultural heritage and worthy of preservation. This text is an updated excerpt of a master's thesis, Vilas paulistas do século XVI, submitted to University of São Paulo's College of Architecture and Urbanism. The research covers the settlement of the state of São Paulo during the 16th century and is based on sources of information and studies of the history of the urbanization in Brazil, particularly in the São Vicente region. The text seeks to illuminate the settlement process during that period, when most of the villages in the Santos coastal region and the São Paulo plateau were founded.

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