RCAAP Repository

Not many topics have received the amount of (academic, cultural, political) attention that urban violence has had. In a way, since 19th century reflections on the nascent urban modernity, the discourse about ‘the city’ has always been one of violence, with remarkable consequences in the way cities are discussed, regulated, planned, policed, and lived. Reflection on what urban violence may actually be, however, has been for the most part lacking. The urban in urban violence has often been used as a mere adjective pointing at the location where a physical event of violence takes place, rather than a process, a space, an atmosphere, which may be violent in the first place. In this sense, going beyond a narrow understanding of urban violence means attending to its relational, material, and temporal complexity. This is what the following contributions do.

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Este artigo baseia-se num estudo que pretendia estudar a capacidade de demonstração matemática de alunos do 8.º ano de escolaridade, num contexto de utilização do software Geometer´s Sketchpad. A metodologia de natureza qualitativa interpretativa recorre a estudos de caso. A recolha de dados serve-se da observação com registo áudio e vídeo de aulas, de entrevistas semi-estruturadas gravadas em áudio, de documentos produzidos pelos alunos e do diário de bordo da investigadora. A análise baseia-se em categorias definidas a posteriori, orientada pelas questões do estudo e pelo quadro de referência teórico. Na formulação e teste de conjecturas, os alunos recorrem ao raciocínio por analogia e à observação de invariantes. Identificam como funções da demonstração, a validação, a explicação, o desafio intelectual e a compreensão do seu significado. No final do estudo, a demonstração surge-lhes como algo que valida o conhecimento matemático não só para si, mas também para a comunidade sala de aula. Apresentam dificuldades na realização das demonstrações, nomeadamente em saber que resultados usar e na sua redacção (aspecto mais problemático até ao final). As demonstrações realizadas apelam ao método directo e ao contra-exemplo. A sua aceitação depende de todos os elementos presentes na comunidade sala de aula.

How did the Spanish money supply evolve in the aftermath of the discovery of large amounts of precious metals in Spanish America? We synthesize the available data on the mining of precious metals and their international flow to estimate the money supply for Spain from 1492 to 1810. Our estimate suggests that the Spanish money supply increased more than ten-fold. Viewed through the equation of exchange this money supply increase can account for most of the price level rise in early modern Spain.

A obra contém as actas da I Conferência de Ciências da Arte, subordinada ao tema "As Artes visuais e as outras artes - as primeiras vanguardas", organizada pelo Grupo de Ciências e Teorias da Arte, da Faculdade de Belas Artes da Universidade de Lisboa, onde decorreram em Maio de 2006

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The combined action of waves, surges and tides can cause flooding, erosion and dune and structure overtopping in many coastal regions. Addressing emergency and risk management in these areas require a combination of targeted campaigns and real-time data that measure all phenomena at stake and can be used to develop comprehensive monitoring platforms. These monitoring platforms can support the development of prediction tools that address all hazards in an integrated way. Herein, we present a methodology focused on multi-hazard coastal alert and risk, and its implementation in a tailored WebGIS platform. The MOSAIC platform offers a one-stop-shop capacity to access in-situ and remote sensing data, and hydrodynamic and morphodynamic predictions, supported by numerical models: SCHISM and XBeach. Information is structured on a local observatory scale, with regional forcings available for the correct interpretation of local hazards effects. This implementation can be further applied and extended to other coastal zones. The MOSAIC platform also provides access to a detailed database of past hazardous events, organized along several risk indicators, for the western coast of Portugal. The combination of features in the platform provides a unique repository of hazard information to support end-users for both emergency and long term risk planning actions.

The theme of the seas has long been a central topic in scholarship on the Lusophone world, but more recent research has invested ocean crossings with new relevance and urgency. Instead of focusing on the stereotypical ocean crossings of the Portuguese maritime expansion, this special issue brings together a diversity of approaches focused on the “less obvious” sea mobilities within the Lusophone world, those associated with labor, brutality, precariousness, and indentured migration. Included in this volume are discussions of racialization, migration, colonialism, and labor.

Portuguese historiography, cultural studies, and social sciences have generally paid much more attention to the ocean crossings of the sword than to those of the shovel. In this issue, we turn the equation around and take a critical look at ocean crossings of the shovel, in line with Bastos’s (2018a, 2018b, 2019) suggestions to reframe its role in Portuguese historiography. As she explains, “the identification of the Portuguese as intrepid sailors crossing oceans and bridging the world has been central to a historical narrative that merges sea travel, trade, conquest, knowledge, empire and nation.” However, in many circumstances, “sailing overseas was a way to escape poverty, abuse, oppression, misery and distress” (2018b, 66). The paths of such travelers had little, if anything, to do with an imperial strategy.

A gripe é uma doença respiratória aguda, geralmente benigna, mas que pode no entanto ter grande impacto em termos de saúde pública, tanto pela sua morbilidade e mortali- dade, como a nível da economia da Saúde1. Esta doença é causada por vírus da família Orthomyxoviridae que circulam nas populações humanas e animais. A gripe é uma doen- ça sazonal que ocorre mais frequentemente nas regiões do globo onde é inverno, poden- do ocorrer esporadicamente durante todo o ano nas regiões tropicais2. O vírus da gripe é constituído por várias moléculas de RNA contendo informação genética para a síntese de novos vírus, protegidas por uma estrutura de natureza proteica e lipídica. Tal como todos os outros tipos de vírus, biologicamente, são considerados parasitas intracelulares obri- gatórios, pois dependem da célula hospedeira em termos energéticos e fisiológicos para a produção de novos vírus descendentes.

A gripe é uma doença respiratória infeciosa causada por vírus da família Orthomyxoviri- dae. É uma doença sazonal, mais frequente no outono e no inverno que se caracteriza por: mal-estar e cansaço, febre alta, dores musculares, articulares e de cabeça, tosse seca e inflamação dos olhos1. Ocasionalmente surgem epidemias de gripe devido ao facto de este vírus evoluir rapidamente e de se transmitir facilmente por via aérea através de gotí- culas, tornando a sua prevenção um desafio. O estudo dos surtos ao longo dos anos tem permitido o desenvolvimento de vacinas contra a gripe.

É de notoriedade global que o turismo tem sido um dos setores mais afetados pela pandemia da Covid-19. Não sem menos, os danos causados possuem nuances em todas as dimensões: econômicas, políticas, sociais e geográficas, as quais, pela força do impacto, merecem ser desveladas. Em tempos de negação à ciência e obscurantismos diversos, iluminar as distintas e contraditórias formas pelas quais a pandemia afeta o turismo no Brasil e outras partes do mundo, considerando a imbricada relação entre diferentes escalas geográficas, é certamente a mais importante contribuição que esse grupo de pesquisadores e estudantes de graduação e pós-graduação de universidades e outras instituições públicas têm a compartilhar com a sociedade em geral.

This study was done in the context of a project on learning assessment practices. It aims to understand the professional development of a math's teacher, regarding her practice in feedback production over a period of three years. Following an interpretive methodology, the data was collected from documents and interviews and the data analysis was done from pre-defined categories supported by the theoretical framework. This study shows that the teacher gives increased importance to feedback as a learning resource. Although she uses a standard feedback, her evolution points out to the establishment of favorable moments for student’s reflection, to noting fewer errors, encouraging correction and varying the feedback’s syntactic form

This paper sheds light on the importance of whaling paths and stations in the migration of Portuguese laborers to North America. Even though there are many factors influencing these migratory trails—the attraction that a country like the U.S. had on most prospective migrants in the 1800s, the American economic and political influ- ence which made it a convergence point globally, and its geographical position—this study demonstrates that the Portuguese sailors and whalers, who were active in the Pacific and Atlantic North in the nineteenth century in search of turning a profit and better living conditions, can be seen as pioneers of sorts, having played a role in blazing the paths and trails for the Portuguese who followed. It is not a historical coincidence that the places where the Portuguese established themselves were precisely the places frequented years before by Portuguese whalers and fishing sailors. This line of analysis puts mobility first as an important theoretical and analytical tool to reveal the causes and consequences of migration.

During the last quarter of the nineteenth century, over 13,000 European men, women, and children, predominantly from Madeira and the Açores, emigrated to the Kingdom of Hawai‘i on contracts of government indenture. Their modality of migration was a contemporary anomaly, as it was restricted in other global contexts at this time to peoples racialized as non-European. This atypical conjuncture of white bonded labor and a government headed by a Polynesian monarch not only upset the contemporary racial geo-politics of the age of New Imperialism, but likewise has long complicated attempts to locate this migration trajectory in comparative histories of migration and indenture. Through a close study of the vessels used to transport European indentured laborers to Hawai‘i and the conditions of transhipment they endured aboard, this article probes a boundary case between the two commonly identified global historical migra- tion patterns of the late nineteenth century: (i) European “voluntary” migration to the Americas and Australia and (ii) Asian “indentured” immigration to Euro-American dom- inated plantation colonies in Asia, Africa, the Caribbean, the Mascarene Islands, and the South Pacific. By tracking the diverse passages made by the same ship, sail and steam, in-between different migrant commissions, this article suggests that a strict delineation of the onboard experience between indentured and voluntary migration is untenable. Further, this article considers the potential and limits of the study of the onboard pas- senger experience to study racialization processes in migration history, including for the complex context of pre-annexation Hawai‘i.

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