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Wearepleasedtopresentinthisbooklet,areportofthemainactivitiesconductedbetweenAugust2017andDecember2018,withintheframeworkofthePortuguesePolarProgram-PROPOLAR. PROPOLARisledbytheCEG/IGOT-UniversityofLisbon,underaCoordinatingCommitteethatincludesmembersofother4Portugueseresearchinstitutions:CCMAR-UniversityoftheAlgarve,MARE-UniversityofCoimbra,CQE-UniversityofLisbon,andCIIMAR-UniversityofOporto.TheProgramisfundedbytheFundaçãoparaaCiênciaeaTecnologia(MCTES)asadevelopmentofitsformerPolarOffice. PortugalbenefitsfromtheuniqueconditionsofthePolarregionstoobtainfundamentalknowledgeforbetterunderstandingandmanagingofclimatechangeanditsimpacts,aswellastocontributingtoanswerfundamentalquestionsonthefunctioningoftheEarthSystem.Portuguesepolarsciencehasexperiencedsignificantdevelopmentsduringthelastdecade,leadingtonewresultswithinternationalimpactonscientificareaswithconsiderablegapsinknowledgestillneedingtobefilled.Portugueseresearchershavefoundrelevantnicheareas,whicharenowmaintainedwithintheframeworkofthePROPOLAR.Thepasttwoyearshavebeenpivotaltotheconsolidationoftheprogram,withincreasednationalrecognitionoftheimportanceofpolarresearch.InsupportingPortugal’snationalpolarresearch,thePortugueseGovernmenthaspromotedtheimplementationofalong-termstrategicagendaforthepolarsciences,andconsolidatedthebudgetoftheprogram,enhancingPortugal’sscientificpolarabilitiesandcapacity,aswellasconsolidatingtheprogramforthefuture.LogisticsarebasedoninternationalcooperationandonaPortuguese-fundedAntarcticflightopentopartnerprograms.CampaignstotheArcticandAntarcticoccuronanannualbasis,withc.15projectsperyeartakingplaceinthepolarregions.LogisticalsupportinAntarcticaismainlyprovidedbySpain,ChileandtheRepublicofKorea,alsowithstrongcooperationinresearchanduseoffacilities,withArgentina,Brazil,Bulgaria,China,Peru,TurkeyandUruguay.PROPOLARiscommittedtoimprovingtheliaisonbetweenscienceandsociety,throughpromotingtheimportanceandrelevanceofourpolarscienceandoperationalactivitiesbyengagingwithpolicy-makers,thegeneralpublic,theyounggenerations,andthemedia. TheactivitieshereindisclosedreflectthedeterminationandmotivationofthePROPOLARtochallengeitselfandtakeforwardthisprogram,withthesupportandinvolvementofaverydynamicandcommittedcommunityofpolarresearchers,whicharethetrueidentityofthePortuguesePolarProgram.

This Annual Report of the Portuguese Polar Program, PROPOLAR reports the main activities conducted between August 2018 and December 2019 The PROPOLAR is led by the CEG/IGOT University of Lisbon, under a Coordinating Committee that includes members of other 4 Portuguese research institutions CCMAR University of the Algarve, MARE University of Coimbra, CQE University of Lisbon, and CIIMAR University of Oporto The Program is funded by the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia MCTES FCT) as a development of its former Polar Office The activities herein disclosed reflect a very busy and inspiring year The PROPOLAR supported fifteen projects that were successfully carried out in the Arctic and Antarctica Logistics continued to be based on international cooperation and on a Portuguese funded Antarctic flight open to partner programs Logistical support in Antarctica was mainly provided by Spain, Chile and the Republic of Korea, also with strong cooperation in research and facilities with Argentina, Brazil, Bulgaria, China, Peru, Turkey, United States of America and Uruguay Participation in international meetings and workshops, as well as the organisation of a symposium and an international meeting, and the support provided to the Portuguese Conference on Polar Science, fulfilled and enriched this very active period, also helping to reinforce the credibility and relevance of the program in the international polar arena B ringing together all these efforts and resources will surely attract and mobilise more young researchers into a Polar scientific career, thus ensuring the future of the Portuguese Polar science, and that the program will continue to blossom We are confident that the successes that PROPOLAR has had in 2019 will serve as an impetus for our very dynamic and committed community of polar researchers to move forward in in vesting in the future of the Portuguese P olar science and preparing to seize new opportunities

O objectivo da Newsletter do Instituto de Saúde Baseado na Evidência (ISBE) é a disponibilização de informação sobre áreas relevantes para a prática clínica, baseada na melhor evidência científica. São localizados estudos relevantes e de alta qualidade, criticamente avaliados pela sua validade, importância dos resultados e aplicabilidade prática e resumidos numa óptica de suporte à decisão clínica. É dada prioridade aos estudos de causalidade – revisões sistemáticas, ensaios clínicos, estudos de coorte prospectivos/retrospectivos, estudos seccionais cruzados e caso‐controlo – incluindo‐se ainda, quando justificado, estudos qualitativos considerados de elevada qualidade metodológica e importância clínica.

Environmental health is at the intersection between health and the environment. However, it still has a recent (and narrow) history as a scientific area, mainly addressing human biomonitoring and toxicological issues. Only recently additional environmental ‘layers’, other than the traditional chemical, biological and physical environmental determinants, have been considered. This broader perspective of environmental health also encompasses digital, psychosocial, political, socioeconomic and cultural determinants, all of them relevant when considering human health from a planetary health paradigm. This reflects the progressive adoption of a systemic perspective regarding the impact of gains for human health and well-being towards a sustainable environment. It also implies a multi-method and participatory approach to understand the intertwined relationship between environmental changes and human health. In this paper, the broader approach to environmental health is discussed in order to ‘set the stage’ for introducing the Institute of Environmental Health (ISAMB) of the Lisbon School of Medicine, Portugal. Each of the research groups and labs that compose ISAMB are presented, as well as their main lines of research. Present and planned contributions of ISAMB to advance knowledge on environmental health and for promoting human health gains in an environmentally sustainable way are also discussed.

In contemporary European cities, urban transformations intended as conservation, development and adaptive reuse-follow new models whose adoption, acceptance and impact are closely dependent on different elements, including the need to attract new investment, the stimulation of the tourism economy, the capital allocation: these factors, if not properly controlled and managed, can compromise cities’ future sustainable growth. The research group of the Department of Architecture of Bologna, working with the Institute of Social Sciences of the University of Lisbon, is focusing its lines of research and experimentation on the historical city, working together under the umbrella of H2020 ROCK project. This projects is focused on the introduction of factors of innovation (technological, environmental, social and economic) in the processes of urban transformation that can pursue challenges of systemic and integrated value and become engines of growth and sustainable development at urban scale. This paper illustrates the ROCK circular urban system approach and its replication potential in different territorial contexts, such as Bologna and Bogotá, in connection with BO2ND project.

Cancers are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and the number of new cases is expected to rise significantly over the next decades. At the same time, all types of cancer treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and pharmacological therapies are improving in sophistication, precision and in the power to target specific characteristics of individual cancers. Thus, while many cancers may still not be cured they may be converted to chronic diseases. All of these treatments, however, are impeded or precluded by the frequent development of malnutrition and metabolic derangements in cancer patients, induced by the tumor or by its treatment. These evidence-based guidelines were developed to translate current best evidence and expert opinion into recommendations for multi-disciplinary teams responsible for identification, prevention, and treatment of reversible elements of malnutrition in adult cancer patients. The guidelines were commissioned and financially supported by ESPEN and by the European Partnership for Action Against Cancer (EPAAC), an EU level initiative. Members of the guideline group were selected by ESPEN to include a range of professions and fields of expertise. We searched for meta-analyses, systematic reviews and comparative studies based on clinical questions according to the PICO format. The evidence was evaluated and merged to develop clinical recommendations using the GRADE method. Due to the deficits in the available evidence, relevant still open questions were listed and should be addressed by future studies. Malnutrition and a loss of muscle mass are frequent in cancer patients and have a negative effect on clinical outcome. They may be driven by inadequate food intake, decreased physical activity and catabolic metabolic derangements. To screen for, prevent, assess in detail, monitor and treat malnutrition standard operating procedures, responsibilities and a quality control process should be established at each institution involved in treating cancer patients. All cancer patients should be screened regularly for the risk or the presence of malnutrition. In all patients - with the exception of end of life care - energy and substrate requirements should be met by offering in a step-wise manner nutritional interventions from counseling to parenteral nutrition. However, benefits and risks of nutritional interventions have to be balanced with special consideration in patients with advanced disease. Nutritional care should always be accompanied by exercise training. To counter malnutrition in patients with advanced cancer there are few pharmacological agents and pharmaconutrients with only limited effects. Cancer survivors should engage in regular physical activity and adopt a prudent diet.

O professor é hoje visto como um elemento-chave do processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Sem a sua participação empenhada é impossível imaginar qualquer transformação significativa no sistema educativo. Este artigo apresenta diversos conceitos fundamentais relativos à identidade do professor -- conhecimento profissional, reflexão, desenvolvimento profissional -- e aborda a sua relação com a didáctica da Matemática.

Cada vez mais, a reabilitação e a paliação, têm lugar nobre em medicina, cirurgia, enfermagem, fisioterapia e profissões afins. O mesmo devia acontecer com a observação e a palpação. Documentamos o interesse, para o campo das Humanidades Médicas, de temas associados à experiência tocante/tocado e, no horizonte da prática clínica, contextualizamos e problematizamos aspectos de duas obras polémicas: Tlön, Uqbar, Orbis Tertius, de Borges e Le Toucher de Derrida. Tentaremos abordar o sentido dos sentidos e dos sensibilia à luz da fenomenologia médica. A inteligibilidade, a supremacia da corporalidade e do contacto e o lugar do tacto e da percepção háptica são relevados.

The myocardium consists of numerous cell types embedded in organized layers of ECM (extracellular matrix) and requires an intricate network of blood and lymphatic vessels and nerves to provide nutrients and electrical coupling to the cells. Although much of the focus has been on cardiomyocytes, these cells make up <40% of cells within a healthy adult heart. Therefore, repairing or regenerating cardiac tissue by merely reconstituting cardiomyocytes is a simplistic and ineffective approach. In fact, when an injury occurs, cardiac tissue organization is disrupted at the level of the cells, the tissue architecture, and the coordinated interaction among the cells. Thus, reconstitution of a functional tissue must reestablish electrical and mechanical communication between cardiomyocytes and restore their surrounding environment. It is also essential to restore distinctive myocardial features, such as vascular patency and pump function. In this article, we review the current status, challenges, and future priorities in cardiac regenerative or reparative medicine. In the first part, we provide an overview of our current understanding of heart repair and comment on the main contributors and mechanisms involved in innate regeneration. A brief section is dedicated to the novel concept of rejuvenation or regeneration, which we think may impact future development in the field. The last section describes regenerative therapies, where the most advanced and disruptive strategies used for myocardial repair are discussed. Our recommendations for priority areas in studies of cardiac regeneration or repair are summarized in Tables 1 and 2 .

Recent work in the ethics of care is used as a point of departure for thought about the kinds of social conditions that lead to terrorism. Allusion is made to the work of Bayoumi, Held and others, and it is concluded that political acts of terror are often a response to a climate of hostility, including microaggression.

Monroe Beardsley apresenta uma definição estética de arte em “An Aesthetic Definition of Art” (1983), defendendo a ligação necessária entre arte e estética. Beardsley propõe que uma obra de arte é algo feito com a intenção de ter a capacidade de satisfazer um interesse estético. Noël Carroll alega que existem obras de arte criadas sem intenções estéticas e que algumas obras não possuem a capacidade de proporcionar experiências estéticas. Além disso, Carroll argumenta que existem obras cujo estatuto de arte é anterior à apreciação destas obras como arte. Este artigo pretende apresentar a definição estética de arte de Beardsley e analisar como as objeções a ela podem ser respondidas.

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O objetivo do presente artigo é avaliar, a partir de aspectos pontuais e específicos, a interpretação que o pensador dinamarquês Georg Brandes apresenta de Kierkegaard e Nietzsche como importantes críticos da cultura europeia do século XIX e da filosofia produzida no período.

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Hegel conceptualized the capitalist economy as a system of needs, with commodities and money serving as means to human ends. While anticipating Marx’s criticisms of certain tendencies in capitalism, Hegel insisted that higher‑order institutions, especially those of the modern state, could put them out of play and establish a reconciliation of universality, particularity, and individuality warranting rational affirmation. Hegel, however, failed to comprehend the emergence of capital as a dominant subject, subordinating human ends under its end (“valorization”). The structural coercion, domination, and exploitation inherent in the capital/wage labor relationship illustrate that point, as does the depoliticization of inherently political matters in capitalist market societies. The reconciliation of universality, particularity, and individuality Hegel endorsed requires a form of socialism incorporating deliberative democracy in local workplaces and communities, conjoined with representative bodies on regional, national, and ultimately global levels.

Theories about mathematics teacher education depend critically on how one responds to questions such as: What is the nature of teacher knowledge? And how is such knowledge to be appraised? By the external views of the researcher, by the internal views of the teacher group, or by any other way? The external perspective of the researcher is able to mobilize important theoretical and empirical tools, however, this external perspective is often unable to grasp essential elements of the complexity of teacher knowledge, practice, and identity. Just capturing the views of teachers brings with it the concern that these views are often contradictory, assuming different values, orientations, and agendas from one teacher group to another, depending on grade level, school system, country, world region, and so forth. Another approach is to combine the experiences and perspectives of teachers and researchers. This paper explores the question of relevant theories in mathematics teacher education from all three perspectives.

Hegel is sometimes regarded as a defender of the market system. Recently, Heisenberg (2018) argued that the prevailing view of Hegel is incomplete, as it overlooks a fundamental advantage of the market: its educational role. In his reading, the Hegelian defence of the market system includes seeing the market as the sphere where persons learn both to regard others as individuals with equal standing and equally relevant desires and to see the well‑ordered civil society as the space where all social members can find protection and fulfil their needs. I argue that this focus, while inadequate as a sole ground for a critique of today’s market systems, can potentially bring forward new normative critiques of the market. These in turn require departing from Hegel’s baseline assumptions regarding the market sphere and applying this analysis to the locus where the educational impact of markets arguably subsists: the local or national levels.