RCAAP Repository

This study addresses the intergovernmental financial resources transfers and is guided by the following research problem: are the resource transfers between federated entities meeting their goal of equalizing regional disparities? This research aimed to investigate the inequality of distribuition of the constitutional financial resources to municipalities in Pará state, Brazil. The research is based on the theory of public finances, notably on the theory of tax revenue sharing between federated entities. The hypothesis stablished assumes that there is concentration of the constitutional financial transfers in the municipalities of Pará, specifically the Municipal Participation Fund (FPM) and the distribution of the the Tax on the Circulation of Goods and Services (ICMS). To test this hypothesis, the Theil's T index and the Gini coefficient were used for the municipalities of Pará between 2010 and 2016. The results showed that there is a concentration of resources in a restricted group of municipalities for the resources of ICMS, on the other hand, there is greater dispersion in FPM distribution. This occurs because the ICMS has great weight on municipalities with higher fiscal added value, while the FPM criteria are favorable to better distribute resources. However, there is still a strong dependence on municipalities to the distribution of these resources, which requires a more efficient management of municipal governments to make better use of available resources.

The paper’s main go is to analyze in which extent the public policies and management of the Brazilian subnational governments are in line with the innovation trends in the current Post New Public Management Era. To do so, the inquiry develops a comprehensive content analysis of articles presented in nine editions of the Consad’s conference focused on initiatives of states and municipalities, based on a protocol of management trends identified in the literature. The research results, in general, in addition with references of successful cases, indicate that the subnational governments in Brazil are convergent with the most contemporary practices. Besides, most of the initiatives incorporate more than one trend, confirming the premise that innovative policies come from the implementation of different principles and guidelines.

Water governance, from the point of view of decentralization, is analyzed in this article as a political option. This discussion is based on the analysis of the legal and institutional apparatus of state water resources policy in the state of Bahia, identifying those that may represent barriers for decentralization to take effect. This is an exploratory-descriptive study, with a qualitative approach and data were obtained from the analysis of basin committees’meetings minutes and interview with INEMA representative. Bahia currently has 14 basin committees and none of them has management instruments fully operational. It is concluded that the State intends to maintain its role as the protagonist of the state policy of water resources, defining the political agenda and regulating water according to the interests of the groups that participate in its control. Decentralization is essential so that the other principles and mechanisms set forth in the Waters Law can be effective.

Among the studies that deal with the fight against corruption, the discussion regarding regulation as a result of a change on the State’s role from public service provider to public service regulator stands out. In this scenario, the regulatory agencies are the ones responsible for balancing market forces in order to grant the proper rendering of public services. In imperfect and asymmetric markets, economic agents could have access to privileged information and attempt to capture regulatory agents, which could configure as a new form of corruption. Although the risk of capture by the market has been already consolidated within the theoretical field, there is still a gap for empirical researches that measure the manifestation of such phenomenon. This study performs an empirical research on a Brazilian regulatory agency in order to assess its risk of capture due to information asymmetry between the regulatory agent and other economic agents within the regulated market. Results show that the risk of capture due to asymmetry of information can be assessed through nine categories: effort, diversification, internationalization, unfavorable selection, signaling, moral hazard, company size and transversality.

The study analyzed the behavior of efficiency in the application of public resources in education from the political cycles. Financial, administrative, and infrastructure information was used in a full electoral term using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to measure efficiency. Among the results found was the observation of the electoral year as the period in which the mayors had the best levels of competence. In addition, management substitution is accompanied by a decrease in the quality of education spending, demonstrating that the values analyzed decrease with the replacement of the active team. In assessing the election results, it was found that the reappointed parties showed better efficiency scores and a positive correlation between the percentages observed in the election year and the results obtained at the ballot boxes, education being a relevant area for understanding the reappointment of political parties and political-electoral incentives.

This article conducts a longitudinal analysis of the network of scientific production in Social Management in the country between 2005 and 2015, a period in which this concept/approach was - nationally - institutionalized as an academic community. The study evidences scientific production growth, identifies the prolific authors, and presents collaboration indexes. It analyses academic events and scientific journals by the modelling of social networks to classify its authors by frequency of publication and centrality measurements (degree, intermediation and eigenvector). Therefore, this mapping contributes to characterizing Social Management by its researcher's network and understanding the formation of this field of knowledge in Brazil.

Coinciding with the eightieth birthday of the intellectual Luciano Antonio Prates Junqueira, professor and researcher at the Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo, this article intends to analyze both his career as an intellectual, and the construction of social management as a new area of study. Methodologically, interviews were conducted with this researcher as to narrate his trajectory, and with six other acclaimed researchers working in the field of social management, as well as member of the Social Management Researchers Network (Rede de Pesquisadores de Gestão Social). To support this study, an analysis of citations of Luciano Junqueira’s articles referenced by SPELL was also performed. Among the contributions of the present work, the comprehension of the role of an intellectual as a social agent stands out, since his or her presence and participation guarantee, legitimate and strengthen this field of knowledge. Additionally, it was observed that their personal characteristics and work practices are adherent and share their objects of study, thus demonstrating that Mr. Junqueira acts in an intersectional was, promoting networks to share knowledge that are characterized by trust and affection.

This article aims to analyze forms of intergovernmental relations in the Food Acquisition Program (PAA) in the period 2012-2019, using Wright (1998) and Pierson (1995) formulations as  theoretical lens. The documentary analysis, anchored in complementary bibliographic research, shows a multifaceted character of Brazilian federalism since, within the PAA, depending on the modality, sometimes there is interdependence and sometimes the Union's authority is maintained. Although the Program has advanced in recent years towards decentralization and municipalization, there are gaps in federative coordination, notably due to the lack of regularity in financial execution and  lack of a collegiate body with the representation of subnational entities.

The world’s population still faces major challenges regarding water and sanitation services to serve everyone, especially in rural areas. Faced with a worldwide trend, these services are presented in a historical framework of remunicipalization. In this context, the discussion of the topic is well suited from the perspective of the co-production of the public good. The objective is to analyze how the processes of remunicipalization of water and sanitation services can represent a possibility for the development of co-production of the public good. Therefore, we opted for a theoretical investigation based on the national and international literature on the subject. Finally, we present an agenda of studies and research hypotheses for the relations between the remunicipalization processes of water and sanitation services and the development of the co-production of the public good.

This paper presents an analysis of the relationship between political incidence and resource mobilization in agroecology. Its focus is the trajectory of the non-governmental organization Center for Studies and Promotion of Group Agriculture (CEPAGRO), particularly its relationships. The study explores two examples of its work, articulated with organizations, movements, and networks, on the subjects of organic waste management and diversification in areas cultivated with tobacco, from 2006 to 2018. The research has a descriptive and analytical approach and is based on data collected through semi-structured interviews, documents and natural and non-systematic participant observation. Based on the Political Process Theory, the initial categories for analysis were political opportunities, repertoires of action and social networks, complemented during the research. Resource mobilization was considered as a process of organizational strengthening, supported on a social base with a technical, political and monetary character. Among the conclusions, there is the predominance of a collaborative approach in the organization-state relationship, on the subjects and the cause of agroecology. Political advocacy actions are carried out with grassroots groups, other organizations, and civil society. Although the State creates political opportunities, the political advocacy and social mobilization actions carried out by CEPAGRO influence them. The process of mobilizing resources, both monetary and nonmonetary, goes beyond mobilization for the organization itself and becomes mobilization for the cause being advocated.

The aim of the present study was to understand how the current model of people management contributes to the choice of civil servants to occupy the positions of trust in the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Sertão Pernambucano (IF Sertão-PE). In order to do so, the theoretical framework addresses the management of people in the public service, positions of trust and competences. In order to meet the objectives of this research, a basic qualitative study was developed using, as data collection instruments, documentary research and semi-structured interviews, mainly carried out with senior managers of IF Sertão-PE. The organization and analysis of the collected data were made by the content analysis method, using the categorical analysis technique, supported by the ATLAS-ti software. The field study indicated that, although the IF Sertão-PE prioritizes the occupation of positions by individuals of its staff and stimulates the formal education of servers, the internal selection process is still influenced by subjective aspects, unrelated to competence-based management. In addition, the traditional model of people management predominates in the institution, a reactive model intended to meet specific demands, and thus, contributing minimally to the choice of managers. This work corroborates the importance of optimizing people management practices in the public sector, associating them with institutional strategic planning, as well as highlighting the relevance of public managers as agents of transformation and promotion of efficiency.

The transparency of governmental actions is foundational for the strengthening of the relations between State and society, however studies carried out in the branches of the three levels of government of the Brazilian Federation administration reveals formalistic transparency praxis. This evidenced formalism and the characteristics of the judiciary, which confront the widespread dissemination of information, instigated our analysis of how State Courts of Justice comply with the demands of transparency foreseen in the legislation. The research results demonstrate that the State Judiciary did not adequately comply with the transparency requirements foreseen in the legislation and is barely committed to democratic issues.

This research aims to demonstrate how management control in Public Administration can apply remote sensing through free satellite images as a tool for digital transformation, generating savings and efficiency. The work is based on a pilot project under development at the National Electric Energy Agency for the inspection of the works of photovoltaic power generation plants under implementation. The results obtained signal the potential for enrichment that the use of images brings to management control processes in Public Administration, to the strengthening of accountability in the public sector and to the positive effect of digital transformation as a simple and modern inspection tool, providing economy and efficiency to public control.

This work aims to propose the recognition of public policies on open environmental data, not on the data themselves or on government databases, but on the existence of complementary dynamics between public environmental policies, open environmental data and open data public policies. So far, these latest policies are either nonexistent or incipient or unreliable, despite their weight on the sustainability and the future of any society and economy.

This study analyses the evolution of the concept of social management from 1990-2018 to verify the degree of consensus on its constituent elements in order to propose an updated concept. A meta-analysis of 94 definitions of social management was performed using as three techniques, co-words analysis, content analysis, and the consensus analysis based on the Kappa index. The results showed that the social management concept has evolved regarding academic consensus over the years, but still is a pre-paradigmatic field since the consensus among authors about their key-terms does not overtake a moderate level. The findings indicated more degree of agreement on for who is addressed to social management, what is its locus, and that it is a differentiated model of management. However, this differential is based on theoretical characteristics that attribute a high degree of abstraction on the construct. To remove it from this stage there should be a consensus on the way to performed social management happen, nevertheless in the lexical deconstruction carry out to a content analysis, the verb category (action) was the one that presented the lowest consensus among the authors. The study contributed to the literature of the field by offering an integrative concept based on the elements of the higher level of agreement among researchers. Also, the paper provides a systematic analysis and state-of-the-art of the fundamental component of a field of study: its concept.

The document presents an account of the main theoretical models of fiscal decentralization and its impact on the demographic composition of the regions in each country, contrasting it with urban primacy and macrocephaly theories, with a special emphasis on their incidence in Latin America. Through data analysis and literature review, it was found that the incidence of public spending and subnational taxation on the reduction of urban primacy was only statistically significant in countries outside the Latin American context, which reinforces the call to deepen the understanding of this phenomenon and the construction of theoretical and analytical models that lead to a more efficient decentralized public expenditure that contributes to the reduction of urban primacy in Latin America.

In education policies, starting in the 2000s, there is an approximation with the philanthropy sector seeking to increase the quality of education through collaborations and focus on results, with emphasis on evaluations within the system. Despite the influence of philanthropy, the field has been marked by a multiplicity of actors and multiple institutional logics, linked to state, professional and market action, which become more prominent as local contexts of implementation are observed. At the implementation  level of public policy, contexts are more diverse, including more actors and local influences, characterizing this environment as high institutional complexity. In the interaction of the direct actions of the philanthropy in the projects of strengthening of the management of education policies, it is possible to differentiate professionals of the education and the education managers. In the context of these projects, it were observed practices that seek to increase the compatibility of logics, mainly in the interactions between philanthropy professionals and education managers and in and the way of choosing and structuring projects by the philanthropy.

This article discusses organizational competences in public administration. The objective is to comprehend the organizational competences developed by ENAP as a government school. To fulfill this objective, a historical theoretical-methodological approach was applied, using documental research and interview with thematic oral history as information gathering techniques; and documental analysis and thematic analysis as analytical techniques. In this historical comprehension,  having the ENAP brand, forming competence for administration, being a space for the meeting of competences and interpreting demands were considered as organizational competences developed by ENAP in the fulfillment of its purpose as a government school. Adaptive, emergent and incremental processes marked the history of these organizational competences which made of ENAP a school of government.

This paper addresses the concept of state-corporate crime with the goal of providing a research agenda to stimulate research talks about the production of corporate crime through the interaction between business corporations and state agencies. After presenting the literature review on the topic, we structured the research agenda for the Brazilian context, based on the sub-classification of state-corporate crime: (1) state-facilitated crimes and (2) state-initiated crimes. Following Burrell and Morgan's (1979) typology of sociological paradigms, we articulated the two classifications with two perspectives (critical and instrumental), resulting in four focal points represented in the quadrants: (1) permit regimes, (2) poor state regulation, (3) criminal status, and (4) police state.

The study sought to identify the main barriers to the implementation of the More Doctors Program (PMM) in the context of municipalities that adhered to public policies. From a total of 200 audit reports of the Comptroller General of the Union (CGU), 197 were selected from municipalities of various states and the Federal District, from January to December 2015. There were 461 occurrences identified in 153 municipal reports. Most of them were from municipalities with up to 50 thousand inhabitants, from entities located in the Northeast of the country and those classified in the PMM profile as 20% poverty. The findings identified that 70% of barriers are organizational in nature followed by individual barriers. They indicate the need for improvements in the articulation and agreement of the actors involved in the institutional arrangement for better implementation of the PMM so that they will not compromise their performance.