RCAAP Repository

As redes sociais on-line são, hodiernamente, grandes ferramentas de comunicação e entretenimento, responsáveis por otimizar diversas tarefas. Apesar de seus benefícios, esses ambientes virtuais são constantemente correlacionados com a piora da saúde mental. O objetivo desta pesquisa bibliográfica foi investigar a influência das redes sociais on-line com o aparecimento de comportamentos depressivos entre os jovens. Foi realizada uma busca por artigos científicos nas bases de dados Embase, PubMed, PyscInfo e Web of Science, por intermédio da combinação dos descritores “on-line social networks”, “depression” e “adolescent”. Após a análise dos artigos encontrados, e considerando critérios de inclusão e exclusão, foram selecionados 11 estudos para compor esta revisão. Grande parte dos estudos mencionaram o excesso de tempo voltado às redes sociais pelos jovens, relacionando sintomas de depressão, ansiedade e estresse. Outrossim, foi encontrado uma grande atividade de comparação social nessas mídias digitais, responsável por propiciar a diminuição de autoestima e o aumento de comportamentos narcisistas. Posto isso, conclui-se que o intenso apego às redes sociais on-line pode acometer o aparecimento de condutas depressivas no público jovem.

To present the scientific evidence for the care of patients in palliative care. Integrative review of the scientific literature is a method that allows a given phenomenon to be understood by summarizing multiple scientific studies. To survey the articles in the literature, the following virtual libraries and database were consulted: Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) and National Library of Medicine (PubMed ). The following Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS) and their combinations in Portuguese and English were used: “care” AND “palliative care”, “pain management” AND “palliative care”, filters were applied to include and exclude articles. Then, the selected studies were read, according to the purpose of the study. The findings revealed that the patient in palliative care has several symptoms that are distressing, among them pain is the most prevalent, using various drugs to control symptoms, as well as, communication with the health team is quite beneficial. for treatment, bringing relief and bringing the patient closer to the team and family. The need for further studies that address innovative pain management strategies in palliative care is emphasized, so that there is a welcoming look that influences the improvement of health and quality of life of patients.

Objetivou-se identificar as condições de relação trabalho saúde dos bombeiros militares do 4º Batalhão de Bombeiro Militar da Paraíba, Sendo do tipo quantitativo, descritivo, transversal e de campo. A população foi constituída por 58 Bombeiros Militares Pertencentes ao 4º Batalhão de Bombeiro Militar da Paraíba. Foi utilizado dois questionários: o primeiro questionário de Avaliação de Qualidade de Vida e da Saúde (QVS-80) modificado e o segundo questionário utilizado foi o Goldberg adaptado. Os resultados mostram que os soldados do 4º Batalhão de Bombeiro Militar da Paraíba que participaram da pesquisa apresentaram jornadas longas de trabalho resultando em um efeito direto na diminuição do tempo disponível para outras atividades físicas, levantando demandas prejudiciais à saúde e favorecendo problemas no trabalhos. A sobrecarga de peso e os problemas com a ergonomia tem sido as variáveis mais apontadas no estudo como preditivo para o aparecimento de agravos a saúde dos bombeiros militares. Jornadas amplas de serviços produzem dificuldades nas relações pessoais, sociais e familiares, além disso influenciam no tempo disponível para o cuidado com a saúde, podendo assim acarretar doenças ocupacionais. Com isso, os trabalhadores acabam que reduzindo os horários para exercícios físicos que poderiam ajudar no seu desempenho e na diminuição de problemas de saúde. Este estudo recomenda ações pontuais, sobretudo na adequação do ambiente de trabalho na questão de ergonomia e exercícios voltados ao condicionamento físico, visando preservar o bem-estar desses soldados para que se conservem ativos e colaborem ainda mais com a sociedade regional, assegurando o cumprimento da missão de resguardar vidas e bens da população.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um levantamento soroepidemiológico da casuística de cães diagnosticados com Leishmaniose Visceral (LV) no Centro de Controle de Zoonoses (CCZ) do município de Parnaíba, Piauí. Os dados foram investigados junto às fichas dos animais diagnosticados com a doença no CCZ, durante o período de 2015 a 2018. Foram obtidos dados quanto ao sexo, idade, raça e sobre a presença ou ausência de sinais clínicos sugestivos da doença nos cães avaliados. Durante o período do estudo, 743 cães foram sorologicamente positivos para LV, sendo os machos mais acometidos que as fêmeas (52,22%). Não foi possível identificar a idade da maioria dos animais (46,57%), em virtude da falha no preenchimento de dados nas fichas pesquisadas; cães sem raça definida (SRD) foram os mais frequentemente diagnosticados com a doença (80,21%), seguidos da raça poodle (5,79%). A maioria dos animais capturados ou entregues ao CCZ apresentaram pelo menos um sinal clínico sugestivo de LV (60,16%), tendo a eutanásia como a principal medida de controle da doença. Conclui-se que cães diagnosticados com LV no CCZ de Parnaíba, durante o período do estudo, foram, em sua maioria, machos, SRD e sintomáticos, porém nota-se a necessidade de mais orientações junto aos tutores de cães sobre as medidas de prevenção e controle da doença no município.

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o estilo de vida, estado nutricional e bem-estar dos estudantes de graduação dos cursos de saúde da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Campus São Paulo. Foi distribuído por e-mail um questionário online para todos os estudantes do campus, investigando marcadores de consumo alimentar, estado nutricional, tabagismo, consumo de álcool e medicamentos psicotrópicos, atividade física, bem-estar e experiência individual de preconceito sofrido, comparando-se os resultados obtidos antes e depois do início do período de isolamento social devido à pandemia da COVID-19. Responderam ao questionário 527 alunos, sendo 67% antes da pandemia. A prevalência de sobrepeso foi 22% e 8% de obesidade. 24% reportaram consumo de álcool de risco moderado a severo e 4% reportaram tabagismo. Observou-se alta prevalência de hábitos pouco saudáveis, como realizar refeições em frente a telas (85%), consumir doces e guloseimas (47%) e bebidas adoçadas (56%). No entanto, mais da metade reportou consumo de feijão (60%), frutas, verduras e legumes no dia anterior (54%). Apenas 44% atingiu a pontuação média do índice de bem-estar e 32% referiu história prévia de preconceito sofrido. 41% foram considerados fisicamente ativos pelos critérios da Organização Mundial de Saúde. Com o isolamento social, observou-se aumento no consumo de bebidas alcoólicas e inatividade física, além de piora no bem-estar e diminuição no consumo de verduras e legumes estatisticamente significantes. Conclui-se a necessidade de reforço de políticas universitárias com vistas a melhorar os hábitos de saúde dos estudantes, especialmente no contexto da pandemia.

Objetivou-se identificar as implicações das atividades esportivas para indivíduos com transtorno do espectro autista (TEA). Adotou-se o método de Revisão Integrativa de Literatura, com buscas entre outubro de 2020 e janeiro de 2021 na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, World Wide Science, U. S. National Library of Medicine e Scientific Electronic Library Online. A partir dos Descritores em Ciências da Saúde “Transtorno Autístico” OR “Transtorno do Espectro Autista” AND Esportes, apenas seis se enquadraram nos critérios de inclusão e exclusão: texto disponível completo (artigos e resumos expandidos), em português, inglês e espanhol e publicações sem recorte temporal. Os resultados indicaram implicações positivas decorrentes da prática de atividades esportivas para indivíduos com TEA. Os benefícios são de natureza psicossocial (47,06%), física (47,06%) e cognitiva (5,88%). Pelos achados, embora tenha se percebido carências de pesquisas sobre o objeto de estudo, deve-se estimular a participação ativa dos indivíduos com TEA em atividades físicas e esportivas. Ademais, o profissional de Educação Física tem importância fundamental neste processo, sendo indispensável sua atuação junto ao grupo.

The preservation of biodiversity is equivalent to the care of variety and universality between ecosystems. The work of environmental education arising from an immense effort by the scientific community, politicians and the general population, produces strategies for raising awareness and adhering to causes for the benefit of nature. The scope of higher education is considered a great scenario for carrying out environmental education activities, given that these places encourage actions of research, extension, education and inovation, and can encompass different areas of knowledge and reach the general community. Therefore, the study aims to propose the elaboration of educational boards containing information such as popular and scientific name, taxonomic classification, morphological aspects, habits, reproduction, food and curiosity about the species of native fauna in ecological trails of Higher Education Institutions. The elaboration of the boards resulted in new knowledge on the part of the students who helped in the making of the information boards, as well as in the dissemination of knowledge to the entire academic community and visitors of the Campus, resulting in the expansion of ecological awareness about their preservation of the local fauna.

  This article presents scientific evidence of remission of type II diabetes mellitus in patients undergoing bariatric surgery. It is an integrative review that allows the inclusion of experimental and non-experimental studies for a complete understanding of the phenomenon analyzed, also combining data from theoretical and empirical literature. The articles were searched in the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO) virtual library and in the Virtual Health Library (BVS) and National Library in Medicine (PubMed) databases, in which the following Science Descriptors were applied in September 2020 of Health (DeCS) and its combinations in Portuguese and English: “bariatric surgery” AND “type 2 diabetes mellitus”, filters were adopted for inclusion and exclusion of articles. Then, the selected studies were read and systematized according to the purpose of the work. The findings revealed a gradual decrease in laboratory parameters and hormonal changes that stimulate the secretion of other insulin counterregulatory hormones, over the years, with regard to type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients undergoing bariatric surgery. Based on the results found, the positive effects of bariatric surgery in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus are noticeable in the long term, which corresponds to disease remission and improved quality of life.

People have been looking for a form of personal, professional and economic development in education, so it is common for young people and adults who, due to various factors, were unable to complete regular education to seek their training interests in the EJA modality. It is important that educational institutions develop curricula that meet and include these subjects in the educational system. In the teaching of Chemistry, it is evident that the proposal for regular education is not suitable for the public of EJA, therefore, professionals seek to develop proposals that make learning more meaningful, despite all their contexts. This study sought to present a curriculum proposal for teaching Chemistry in the EJA Modality for classes in the first year of high school. Searched through databases, articles that addressed the theme and thereby build the curriculum proposals for teaching Chemistry at EJA. These proposals were organized and structured in tables, containing information about the contents to be applied, as well as the methodology, evaluation and learning expectations. A curriculum was then built to serve the four academic terms, and an integrative project was introduced there so that it can be developed with students of that modality. Therefore, it was realized that it is possible to develop the teaching and learning process of Chemistry at EJA with the particularities of the subjects involved, however, it is necessary that students have a commitment to want to learn, as well as, the school provide the conditions for the teacher can develop his innovative methodologies.

Hearing impaired people face numerous obstacles when seeking health services, especially related to communication barriers with attending physicians. The purpose of this literature review was to identify the main challenges encountered worldwide during the medical care of deaf people. A bibliographic search was carried out in the LILACS, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus and ScienceDirect databases. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 21 studies were selected. Doctors and deaf patients report difficulty in understanding each other and agree that the assistance provided would be better if the doctor knew sign language, but only a minimal portion of the professionals had knowledge basics of the subject. Other communication strategies, such as written notes, lip reading and companion as an intermediary, were considered inefficient. The use of qualified interpreters, although considered the preferred method for many hearing impaired, was not accessible to the most. In view of this, deaf people find it difficult to trust their doctors and fear being subjected to inappropriate treatment for communication errors. In this context, it was concluded that the experiences lived by deaf people can generate risks to the health of this population, requiring the development of measures that seek to improve the assistance provided and more investigation on the theme.

Garbage is considered to be one of the largest environmental pollutants, both in terms of the impacts caused, and because it appears to be one of the most evident aggressions in cities, and this fact is noticeable in the municipality of Tauá, which has 59,062 inhabitants. he objective of this work was the creation of a school garden, plantation of fruit trees within the school and creation of furniture from recyclable materials, in order to raise awareness of the teaching staff and students, the management nucleus, employees and parents of students, about how important small socio-educational actions are within the vast field of environmental education, as well as encourage the interactions of all to work in harmony with nature and that parents visit the school where their child studies and is taught from that work performed. It is concluded, therefore, that the development of this work enabled the practice of various environmental education activities, helping in the teaching-learning process, allowing the collective work action between students, teachers and managers.

Breast milk is the main source of nutrition, composed of elements essential to the body, such as proteins, lipids, vitamins and immunological factors. When considering this important function, it is considered that breastfeeding is an essential practice for the health of the child, in order to be naturally sufficient to meet the nutritional needs of newborns. Contradictory to the assertion, early weaning is still an act present in the social context of several families, however, this act can cause negative effects on the growth and development of children, as the interruption of breastfeeding can compromise the acquisition of such benefits and favor the occurrence of diseases. This study, therefore, is constituted as a bibliographic review of literature. It aims to analyze the effects of early weaning on children's health and the perception of the causes for the interruption of breastfeeding. For this, the searches were carried out using the following database: Virtual Health Library (VHL), CAPES Portal, on own website and redirect to cafe access ScienceDirect, Scopus e Web of Science, Scientific Eletronic Library On Line (SCIELO) and direct searches on various Internet sites. In order to include fifteen works for the foundation of this article. It was possible to verify, from the study of the selected works, the conjuncture of pre-existing reasons that led to early weaning, and its impacts on children's health, a circumstance that allowed to highlight the importance of breast milk for newborns.

In Nursing, it is essential to apply methodologies that assess practical performance for the exercise of the profession and among the main ones, the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) stands out, which seeks to assess the clinical skills and competences of students. The objective of the research was to know the students' views under the OSCE method, as well as their influence on the teaching-learning process. This is a descriptive study, with a qualitative approach carried out with undergraduate nursing students at a public university in southern Brazil, in 2020. Data were collected through individual semi-structured interviews with audio recording, consisting of 30 students , enrolled in the third and fourth grades. Under the students' perception of the methodology, the understanding and importance of it stood out despite generating significant emotional changes. Some concern was also raised regarding the traditional methodology based on theory, with a negative consequence on learning and necessary adjustment. Regarding the OSCE itself, effective feedback solidified knowledge, resolved doubts and was considered a unique moment, with several possible improvements being listed in order to make the evaluation method more profitable and effective for the student, the main subject of this process. With the data it was concluded that it is important to use updated and innovative methodologies that meet the needs of the profession and cause a positive impact on the teaching-learning process.

In 2019, the world was surprised by the new coronavirus (SARS - CoV - 2) that emerged in the east and quickly spread around the world, giving rise to a pandemic that suddenly made everyone adapt to a "new normal" which brought changes in socioeconomic and health areas. Furthermore, even before the pandemic situation, a reality and concern among health professionals was the growing incidence of obesity among children, being considered one of the biggest current public health problems by the WHO. In view of the points previously discussed, this paper aims to report the experience of medical students from the tenth period of UniFOA at the Pediatric Endocrinology outpatient clinic, in the initial care of a child complaining of a change in life habits during the COVID-19 pandemic and the possible negative impacts that such changes can have on their quality of life. When facing the above-mentioned case, the validation of the hypotheses presented can be seen: the pandemic and the lockdown caused an abrupt change in the children's life habits, causing a negative impact on their routines, with regard to nutrition, the onset of childhood obesity and the increase from exposure to screens. The experience in the Pediatric Endocrinology outpatient clinic provided a more effective experience in ratifying the exposed data, as it showed real and palpable cases of the consequences established in this current scenario. It was also possible to notice the change in the content of consultations, due to previous contact with pediatric consultations before the COVID pandemic.

Ao longo do presente trabalho, refletiu-se sobre os avanços da biomedicina e da biotecnologia, e sobre as consequências geradas da reprodução humana assistida nos direitos conquistados pelo ser humano. Primeiramente, foi feita uma análise acerca da bioética e do biodireito, através de pesquisa bibliográfica nos estudos mais recentes sobre o tema, pois com os avanços o homem passou a conquistar o domínio sobre si próprio, provocando a desvalorização do ser humano se tornando objeto de manipulação das empresas e deixando de ser um sujeito dotado de direitos para ser apenas um projeto. O tópico subsequente versa sobre a reprodução humana, em suas especificidades, de desde o surgimento da reprodução humana assistida para todos aqueles que desejam ter um filho e tiveram esse direito subtraído, seja pela incompatibilidade sexual ou pela infertilidade conjugal. Para finalizar, há uma análise voltada aos ajustes do direito brasileiro à RHA, sobre os projetos de leis criados, resoluções do Conselho Federal Medicina e a ética nos contratos de  RHA. Portanto, percebe-se que, ainda que tenham ocorrido transformações no entendimento e reconhecimento nas técnicas de reprodução e ascensão de novos meios para constituição familiar, ocorre uma inércia do Poder Legislativo com relação à regulação frente ao surgimento de novas técnicas de reprodução humana assistida.  

In front of the Covid-19 pandemic scenario, practical classes were replaced by alternative activities, remotely. The use of active methodologies, also in this context, is a reality that is are spreading and becoming increasingly used, opposing to the traditional teaching method. Those methodologies are based uppon student’s activism during the knowledge construction process, as well as the principle of student protagonism and the execution of an exclusively mediating role for the teacher. Within these active methodologies, there’s gamification which is based on relaxed and recreational activities as a process in which the student can acquire new knowledge. Through an experience report, this article aims to describe the use of gamification as teaching strategy about the Unified Health System for medical students, in the scenario bred by the Covid-19 pandemic.  It was carried out based on the experience of students in the fourth period of the Community Interaction discipline of the Medicine course at the Universidade Regional de Blumenau in the first semester of 2020. At the end of the experience, students were able to review some concepts and learn even more about the Brazilian public health system, in addition to learning about other ways of learning. Therefore, the article approaches the introduction of gamification, as also highlights the benefits of using student-centered methodologies in a university context mediated by technologies.        

The media constantly reports cases of women who were assaulted by men. One of the main characteristics is that most instigators are their loving partners, being able to act physically, psychologically and sexually, leading them to have health problems that reflect negatively on health determinants within the female cycle. This study aims to understand the records through the SUS DATASUS Information Department of women affected by this disease, by their spouses and former spouses, and it is certain that since 1970 health professionals have been responsible for this compulsory notification. The SUS Information Department was used as a research source, containing secondary information from 2016 to 2019, dispensing with the evaluation of the Ethics Committee according to the resolution of the National Health Council (CNS) nº 466, of December 12, 2012. In the results, there was low efficiency in the data made available by DATASUS, having outdated information that lead to a false epidemiological view of the problem. It is necessary to qualify health professionals to identify this problem with care, ensuring that cases are registered by intervening the State with social actions to reduce health problems in women, thus aiming at security and freedom to live in all aspects of life.

The article that is presented aims to promote the discussion of how legal education is today and how new jurists have been trained, exposing the issues of the subject, and suggesting possible solutions that depend on long studies. The timeline of Legal Courses in Brazil is also portrayed, demonstrating and dissecting the three phases of the evolution of national legal education. This research consists of a qualitative study through scientific articles, in databases such as: Scielo and Science Direct, the language was not delimited, but the most relevant articles and articles published between the years 2010 and 2020 were selected. Anyone who is not from the legal area tends to be compelled by the education system itself to be concerned with specific subjects and not to be concerned with multidisciplinary subjects, which are no less important, such as philosophy, sociology, among others, which are the differential for the best professionals.

The Brazilian fauna is one of the most diversified, with a significant number of species. The removal of excessive animals from the wild is considered a threat of high importance. In addition, the screening centers help in reproduction, treatment of pathologies and introduction of species into nature. Thus, this study aimed to measure the movement of wild animals in CETAS in Vitória da Conquista-BA and its impacts on one health. According to the results, the CETAS of Vitória da Conquista received a number of 50,414 animals between the period 2000 and 2017, highlighting the years 2001 and 2015 with the highest numbers. Furthermore, the central-southern region of Bahia stands out and birds as their origin, emphasizing the form of seizure as a reason for entry. Thus, most of the animals from the respective triage center have release as their final destination, however, a considerable portion of these animals will eventually die. Therefore, the data from this study showed that CETAS has a high number of patients in the last 17 years. This information is useful for understanding the trade of native fauna in the state of Bahia, and guiding actions to protect these species and their respective natural environments. More diversified and in-depth research on the subject is needed to ensure a more detailed understanding of trafficking in the country.

Skin aging is a natural and complex process that inevitably affects all human beings. It is characterized by being a multifactorial and progressive skin degeneration, classically divided into extrinsic aging or photoaging and intrinsic aging, which is related to genetic causes associated with endocrine-metabolic and immunological aspects. The objective of this work is to know the skin alterations intrinsic to the aging process. The Methodological Aspects used in the research is an integrative review. The libraries used for the search will be: the Virtual Health Library (VHL), through the Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (Lilacs) database; Scientific Electronic Library Online (ScIELO) and PubMed. The search will be limited to studies in human beings, written in English and Portuguese and that have been published in the last 10 years. In the results, it is expected that the synthesis of the studies found will contribute to update the knowledge that is already in the area, demonstrating that there is relevance in knowing the skin changes related to the aging process, in order to obtain significant care and reduction the incidence of malignant alterations.