Repositório RCAAP

The objective of this research was to report the occurrence of proscopiidae and to quantify its infestation and spatial distribution in one experimental plantation of eucalypt clones. The study was conducted in an experimental field with eucalypt hybrids of Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis (clones GG100), Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis (H13) and of Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus camaldulensis (VM01). The plantation was established in three continuous blocks with 512 plants with 3 m x 2 m, in Cáceres municipality, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Infestation of proscopiidae insects was detected two months after planting . The insects were collected for identification. The attacked trees were geo-referenced and the injuries were quantified. The spatial pattern of proscopiidae he attack was determinated using the location information of the damaged plants, which have been submitted to a quadrats analyses using Morisita and binomial dispersion indexes. All the collected insects have been identified as Tetanorhynchus smithi Rehn, 1904 (Orthoptera, Proscopiidae). The infestation differed significantly among the three eucalypts clones and aggregated spatial pattern of attack was observed. This is the first report of this species of proscopiidae in eucalyptus in Mato Grosso State.

This study aimed to evaluate traditional and generic models to estimate the height-diameter relationship of Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis. The data used were from trees of different ages, sites and planting densities. Total height of the trees were estimate using ten models. The models were evaluate according to the adjusted coefficient of determination, standard error of estimate, relative standard error, bias, mean differences and standard deviation of differences. Beyond these statistics, the models were evaluated by plotting the observed height versus estimated height. There was a greater accuracy of the generic models.

The hypothesis tested was the improved growth of castanha-do-gurguéia (Dipteryx lacunifera Ducke) seedlings inoculated with Claroideoglomus etunicatum growing in a substrate formed with goat manure. Ninety days after sowing, we evaluated: plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, number of leaflets, root length, root diameter, root volume, secondary root numbers, root dry mass, shoot dry mass. The indices of quality seedlings were evaluated the relationship between shoot height and stem diameter, the relationship between shoot dry mass and root dry mass, and the Dickson quality index. Inoculation of the substrate with the isolated Claroideoglomus etunicatum promotes growth and increase in biomass for castanha-do-gurguéia seedlings. The level of 10% of goat manure in sand promoted the growth of castanha-do-gurguéia seedlings.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the production of cedar seedlings according to the size of containers and nutrient sources. It was tested three types of containers (Root trainers, plastic bag and plastic vase), three sources of fertilization (Conventional, Kimcoat® and Osmocote®) in seven evaluations. The cedar seedlings in root trainers, fertilized with source Osmocote® presented the greatest increments in height and stem diameter when compared to another sources of fertilization. The plastic bag and plastic vase containers promoted similar seedlings height growth. However the seedlings grown in plastic vase presented greatest growth in stem diameter when compared with the ones in plastic bag.

The community forest management in settlement areas, in Pará, needs tools that provide reliable information about wood potential in the area, as volume equations. Five volumetric models of simple entrance and five of double entrance were adjusted to estimate the wood volume of standing trees in the Project of sustainable development Virola-Jatobá in Anapu, Pará State, Brazil. The trees were cubed using Smalian method. The diameter at 1.3 m above soil level was measured in 172 individuals from 25 species with commercial interest by the community. The diameters ranged from 60 to 120 cm and commercial height varied from 5.24 m to 35 m. The statistic criteria used to select the best volume model of simple or double entrance was adjusted coefficient of determination (R2aj), standard error of estimate (Sxyr), coefficient of variation (CV), average deviation percentage (ADP) and graphic residual analysis. Chi-square test was used to validate the best models. Husch model presented the best estimative of wood volume in standing trees in the studied area, through the equation logv = 0,7974 + 4,4294logd. This equation does not use the commercial height variable, so it field inventory cost less and avoid mistakes from the estimation of this variable.

Some Sciaridae species are considered as cosmopolitan pests in greenhouses and mushrooms farms. The potential harm of these insects involves plant tissue damage and transmission of pathogens to the seedlings. Recently, large sciarid masses were found infesting wood log stocking of processing industries and turned to be a severe nuisance factor and a public health issue. The Sciarid specimens from infested areas were identified belonging to the genus Bradysia Winnertz, 1867. These species certainly do not correspond to pests, but to species that are possibly associated to microenvironments generated by the fungi on the wood bark.

The present study aimed to analyze and describe the seasonal dynamics of deposition and decomposition of litter in the Deciduous Forest in the Middle Upper Uruguay region, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. To determine the deposition of litter, 20 collectors of 1 m2 were installed in an area of one hectare, with evaluations conducted monthly. For litter accumulated in seasonal stations, 20 random samples were collect in frames of 25 cm x 25 cm. The collected material was identified and separated into fractions of leaves, small twigs and miscellaneous. After stratification, the samples were dried at 70 °C and weighted. The estimated annual litter production was 7.14 t ha-1, consisting of 58.54% of leaves, 28.69% of small twigs and 12.77% for miscellaneous. The deposition of litter was continuous throughout the studying period, showing a seasonal pattern, with higher values in late winter and early spring. The estimated average stock of litter was 6.50 t ha-1. The decomposition rate was 1.097, showing a fast litter mineralization.

This study aimed to fit mathematical models for estimating commercial volume with bark for species of an Upland Dense Rain Forest located in southern of the state of Roraima, Brazil. It was cubed by Smalian method an amount of 122 trees of 18 species with diameter at breast height (DBH) higher than 50 cm. Nine models were adjusted by least squares methods, and selected on the basis of the adjusted determination coefficient, standard error in percentage, F value and graphical analysis of residuals distribution. Schumacher-Hall model was selected. Kopezki-Gherardt model can be used when data from commercial height are not used.

Remote sensing imagery can be a very useful auxiliary tool for native forests inventory. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the stratification of a cerrado (Brazilian savanna) patch based on visual image interpretation techniques as well as to compare the errors from two sampling designs, the Stratified Random Sampling (SRS) and the Systematic Sampling (SS).The study area corresponds to a cerrado sensu stricto patch located in the municipality of Papagaios, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The cerrado wood volumes were obtained from a forest inventory field campaign where 32 plots were measured systematically. The study area was stratified based on a visual interpretation of a Landsat 5 TM image, and the strata formed were: “Strata I”, “Strata II”, “Strata III”, water and riparian forests. There was a reduction of 43% on the inventory errors using the SS estimators compared to the inventory errors using the SRS estimators. We concluded that the stratification based on image interpretation techniques was efficient since there was a reduction on the cerrado inventory errors.

The present study aimed at identifying which insect species damages seeds of Erythrina crista-galli L. From November 2012 to January 2013, six E. crista-galli trees were selected in the city of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, and six pods were taken from each tree. Such pods, properly packaged and identified, were taken to UFSM’s forest pest laboratory and stored in plastic containers until the adults emerged. The emerged specimens were identified as Terastia meticulosalis, which consumed 15.42% of the seeds. This is the first reported occurrence of T. meticulosalis preying on seeds of E. crista-galli in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

The present study investigated myrtle rust and gall wasp from non-commercial eucalypt taxa with potential to hybridization. We selected 38 genotypes from 18 species of Corymbia and Eucalyptus (Symphyomyrtus) genus. Two rust inoculations were evaluated using inoculums from rose apple and eucalypt, and natural gall occurrence in a high pest infestation condition. Corymbia was more susceptible to rust than Eucalyptus genus, and it was observed severity variation due to the sources of rust inoculum. Species that belong to Exsertaria and Transversaria (Latoangulatae) sections were more susceptible to gall wasp, and Corymbia species showed no development of gall.

This work assessed the effect of biomass composition (ash, volatile matter and fixed carbon content, carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen content, lignin, extractives and holocellulose content) on the condensable gas yield from the torrefaction of rice husk (Oryza sativa L.), jatropha seed husk (Jatropha curcas L.), elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum. var. mineiro); sugarcane bagasse (Sacharum officinarum L.) and bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris ex J.C. Wendl. var. vulgaris). Biomasses with a particle size between 0.5 mm and 1.0 mm were subjected to torrefaction process using a temperature gradient varying from 250 °C to 300 °C, for 15 min, with a heating rate of 20 °C min-1. Five trials were conducted for each biomass and solid, liquid and gas yields were obtained. The holocellulose and the volatile matter content of biomass showed a positive and significant correlation with condensable yield. The ash content showed a negative and significant correlation with condensable yield. There was no significant correlation between the elementary chemical composition and the condensable yield.

This work aimed to present a partial diagnosis of street tree under power grid in five cities in the West Region of Minas Gerais, which had more power outages because of conflicts with trees. We identified 186 trees, belonging to 17 species of exotic origin and 30 species of native origin. The most frequent species were Poincianella pluviosa (30.43%), Ligustrum lucidum (10.86%), Michelia champaca (6.52%) and Schinus molle (4.89%), which together amounted to 52.7% of the assessed trees. Most trees (84.78%) were located in streets wider than 7 m, and 36.55% of the trees were planted in sidewalks with a minimum of 2 m wide. Those trees present ther first bifurcation at over 1.80 m above ground level. The pruning performed due to conflicts with the grid amounted 40.22%. Trees with height equal or over 6 m represents 72.83% of the sampled population. It was observed that there is not an appropriate management plan of urban trees under the grid, as the trees frequency is concentrate on few species that were mostly medium and large size.

The restoration success in forest ecosystems can be adequately assessed by correct selection of indicators that represent the achievement of established goals. The discriminant analysis technique on indicators selection consists of separation and classification of new observations on pre-defined groups, reducing the number of variables that are discriminant functions linearly dependent of the original variables. This study aims to define an index composed by structural attributes (number of species and individuals planted, height, basal area, number of regenerant species and individuals) and chemical and pedological soil attributes to classify riparian reforested environments regarding to restoration taking as reference reforestation around the the Volta Grande reservoir, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Eleven variables were used for previous classification of plots in partially restored or unrestored groups and also used for discriminant analysis. Variables selected by the discriminant function generated were: number of species and basal area of planted individuals, number of regenerant species and individuals litter accumulation and soil cation exchange capacity. Compatibility of 98% from previous plot classifications and after index formation, show the representativeness of the selected variables on evaluation of restoration of riparian reforestations.

Guatambu (Aspidosperma parvifolium A. DC.) is a species that faces extinction in different regions of Brazil. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of photoperiod on germination of guatambu seeds at 25°C. The statistical procedure used was factorial design with two factors. Factor A was seed lots (Mother tree A, B, and C) and factor B was photoperiod (dark and 12 h of photoperiod). Guatambu seeds are not affected by photoperiod condition during the germination process.

This study compared the forest planning of outgrower schemes projects with own areas of forestry companies’ areas. The total area of the companies was 41,178 ha distributed in 299 stands, and the outgrower areas were 2,445 ha distributed in 144 properties. The planning involved linear programming of areas in order to maximize the equivalent annuity (EA), under the condition (constraints) of a regulated structure at the end of planning. Two scenarios were evaluated: a) individual model – areas of outgrower schemes and companies in separate models, and b) single model – areas of outgrower schemes and companies in the same programming model. The EA difference of the individual to the single model was unfavorable to outgrowers, since it reduced its value by 14%. In the companies’ areas, the solution of the single regulation was favorable, increasing the EA in approximately 1%. It was also verified in a new scenario of the single model that if the wood of outgrowers were sold by stumpage, the global EA of these areas would increase by 0.9%, thus more attractive to landowners.

The objective of this work was to identify the species of beetles present in a macaw palm (Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd) native population as well as describe their activities, for further study of plant- insect interaction. Adult fruit weevils and brown beetles were collected manually in the fruits and the leaflets of adult plants of macaw palms. The insects were associated with the premature fruits abortion and with the reduction of the photosynthetic area of the plants.

The objective of this study was to characterize of an unmanaged stand of Araucaria angustifolia and to development of models to quantify the wood potential, aiming to support the development of forest management plans in stands with similar conditions. The work was developed into a stand established in 1946, in National Forest of Açungui, in Campo Largo County, Paraná State, Brazil. There was only one thinning in the stand, between 1970 and 1980. From the frequency of individuals in each diametric class, it was observed the condition of stagnation and competition with cohort in the beginning of class distribution. With the application of the probability density function of Weibull-3P, Trorey model, and the 5th polynomial by diameter class, it was possible to confirm the stock estimative of timber volume of the stand. This analysis indicated that the stand presents average annual wood production smaller than the species potential. So it is recommended the thinning to promote growth of remnant trees. With the probability density function of Weibull-3p, that was selected, it is possible to project the diametric distribution of the stand, when analyzed complementarily with growth diameter information, if the stand remains unmanaged. Certainly, the optimum potential of timber production could have been manifested if the stand were managed during the cycle planed.

This work aimed at identifying and quantifying colonizer species and structure in gravel mining degraded environment and to identify species for restoration. It was selected three sites characterized as: site 1 (S1), place with less intense history of use; site 2 (S2), intermediary level of degradation; and site 3 (S3), with higher degradation. Within the three sites it was withdrawn 20 plots of 25 m². Within each plot, species with height ≥ 0.10 m and DNS ≤ 5.0 cm were sampled. It was calculated Shannon’s diversity (H’), Pielou’s equability (J’), Jaccard’s and Czekanowski’s similarity indices, as well as the phytosociology parameters, besides the analysis of indicator species. Thirty-two species and 15 families were registered. S1 was the most species-rich, with the highest density, while S2 presented the lowest richness and density. The sites showed low floristic and structural similarity and statistical differences regarding density, (it was found 844, 270 and 497 individuals in, sites A1, A2 and A3, respectively). Diversity varied from 1,680 to 2,074 nats.individual-1. Probably, these divergences are due to the environment variations imposed by the different degradation intensities.

 This study aimed to evaluate wood physical properties of Pinus patula, aged 38, from a forest stand located in Machipanda, central region of Mozambique. Determination of physical properties, such as basic specific gravity, shrinkage, and moisture content of wood in the pith-bark followed the recommendations of the Panamerican Standard - COPANT. Results showed statistically significant differences at significance level of 5%, in the radial direction for the shrinkage coefficient in the pith-bark. Radial and tangential shrinkage values were 6.06 and 8.80% in juvenile wood and 6.18 and 8.65% in adult wood, respectively, with anisotropy coefficient of 1.43 for juvenile wood and 2.44 for adult wood. Pinus patula growing in Inhamacari forest shows stable wood at age 38. It can be used for structural purposes and for manufacture of joinery and furniture.