RCAAP Repository

This study aims to analyze the repercussions of the “Minha Casa Minha Vida” program (PMCMV – My House My Life) in the production of space of the city of Russas, located in the Microregion of BaixoJaguaribe, Ceará, Brazil. It seeks, therefore, to identify the space producing agentsand to verify how the expansion of the city has been directed from the perspective of the mentioned program. The proposed subject is important to understand the processes and socio-spatial transformations caused by the implementation of a federal policy - the PMCMV - in a city considered to be "small". The PMCMV is a federal program created in 2009 for housing finance, divided into three groups: Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3 Banners are defined based on family incomes. Track 1: with monthly income of up to R$ 1.8 thousand; Range 2: limit monthly income up to R$ 4 thousand; Range 3: Monthly income limit up to R$ 9 thousand. In 2016, an intermediate band was created, Range 1.5 for families with income up to R$ 2,600. In 2016, an intermediate level was created, Level 1.5, for families with incomes of up to R$ 2.350. Preliminary results showed that in Russas by the end of 2017 all the developments built were destined to levels 2 and 3. The research has as main objective the production and expansion of the real estate sector in the urban space of the city. It is understood that space is a fundamental condition for the reproduction of society, therefore a historical product and social content. In this perspective, the housing policy is analyzed considering the relation between State and capital real estate, the housing projects’ forms of promotion, as well as the urban characteristics of these projects. It discusses the effects of housing projects financed by the State and its scales of operation, especially on the scale of the city. The research is based on the readings about (re) production of the urban space, space producing agents and studies related to the housing production. Based on the theoreticalmethodological reference, data and information were collected in the public administration sectors of the city of Russas (Secretary for Infrastructure and Secretary for Development) and institutions and bodies such as the JoãoPinheiro Foundation, Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), the State Research Institute of Ceará (IPECE). In addition, fieldwork was carried out using some methodological procedures: landscape observation, photographic records, semi-structured interviews with employees of the institutions and real estate developers, and questionnaires to obtain direct information from the residents in the projects visited. For direct research with the residents, two projects were selected: Santiago Residential I (Level 3) and the first project implemented in the city in 2009 (Level 2). The study found that the provision of housing of social interest aimed at the low-income population is allocated in areas with little infrastructure and services; that there was a marked increase in the creation of subdivisions and real estate projects aimed to the higher income groups - Levels 2 and 3 - and that in fact the program boosted the real estate market, as well as the reproduction of socio-spatial inequalities, particularly in the city of Russas-CE.

The study of the history and philosophy of mathematics has become increasingly important for the improvement of the teaching-learning process of mathematics. This work seeks to contribute to this process by showing some relationships between mathematics and philosophy, and the importance of deepening in the history of mathematics studies and of relating history, philosophy and mathematics. It was presented as Plato's philosophy brought important contributions and influences to the development of mathematics and sought to relate the Platonic thinking to Euclid's mathematician doing as an example of inheritance of the teachings of Plato in the evolution of mathematics. In contrast to the Platonic philosophy, Aristotle's philosophy was presented, which was against his master's theory by emphasizing empiricism and denying the existence of a World of Ideas. And, similarly, a relation between Archimedes' mathematical doing and Aristotelian thought was shown as an example of Aristotle's influence and contribution to the development of mathematics.

This work presents an introductory study on discrete one-dimensional dynamical systems. We approached the initial concepts for the study of dynamical systems, such as the notions of orbits, fixed point and period point. In addition, we study the dy- namical behavior of an one-parameter family of quadratic functions that, surprisingly, presents very different behaviors for different parameters. We finish our work with a small discussion about the root calculation of an equation through iterations, in particular Newton’s method is one of these methods.

The use of semiconductors as photocatalysts is a promising strategy in the treatment of organic pollutants. In this sense, the photocatalytic performance of lamellar potassium niobates and their protonated forms were tested for the degradation of the model dye Remazol Yelow Gold (RNL). The niobates (KNb3O8 and K4Nb6O17) were prepared by the polymeric precursor (PP) and solid state (SS) methods. The protonated forms HNb3O8.H2O and K4-xHxNb6O17, obtained by the PP method, were prepared via a ion exchange reaction using a HNO3 solution. The materials were characterized by X-ray di?raction (XDR), infrared (IR), Raman, ultraviolet visible (UV-vis), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), surface area (BET) and photoluminescence (PL). Theoretical Computational calculation were performed (DFT) to de?ne the structural and vibrational aspects of niobates in the potassium form. Their structures were characterized at long, medium and short range are in accordance with those in the literature. The theoretical studies of octahedron distortions showed that KNb3O8 has two types of distortion, where as K4Nb6O17 has four types. The octahedron with the largest distortion degree for K4Nb6O17 has a short Nb - O bond (high covalent character) and another much elongated one (with a transient character between the covalent and the ionic). It is observed that niobates in the potassium form have better photocatalytic performances when compared to either their protaned forms or P25. Studies to elucidate the mechanism of discoloration for the potassium niobates used suppressors of •OH, O•- 2 radicals, e- and h+. The results show that the mechanism of photocatalysis is indirect, that is, by the formation of •OH radicals . For KNb3O8 the formation of •OH radicals a high contribution of photogenerated e- in the conduction band is observed, whereas, both e- and h+ are responsible for the formation of these radicals for K4Nb6O17. For the RNL discoloration reaction using KNb3O8 reactional parameters were studied, such as pH, initial concentration of dye (C0), photocatalyst quantity and calcination temperature. Three reuse cycles were analyzed for potassium niobates, which indicated little loss of catalytic activity.

It is of paramount importance to carry out quality control in the pharmaceutical industry in order to give quality, safety, efficacy and credibility to the consumer market. One of the most important quality parameters in the routine analysis of a pharmaceutical industry is the quantitative analysis of the active principle found in the medicine, since these industries must comply with the Good Manufacturing Practices of Medicines established by the National Sanitary Surveillance Agency. Therefore, it is proposed an automatic flow-batch methodology based on digital image analysis for the determination of N-acetyl-L-cysteine in pharmaceutical formulations. The proposed automatic system uses a high resolution webcam to capture the RGB data of the digital images of the colorimetric reaction product. This reaction involves two steps: 1) reaction of the analyte with Fe(III) to generate Fe(II) and then 2) complexation of Fe(II) with 1,10-phenanthroline. All analytical solutions were prepared online and all analytical processes were performed simply by changing the operational parameters of the control application. The optimum color component of the study was a B, with a linear response in the working range of 8.08×10-5 to 1.85×10-4 mol L-1. The calibration model was validated through analyzes of variance for lack of fit and regression significance, performed after a graphical analysis of the residuals left by the model. The limits of detection and quantification and the analytical frequency were estimated to be, respectively; 2.18×10-6 mol L-1; 7.26×10-6 mol L-1 and 30 h-1. The results obtained through the proposed method were compared with those of the reference method. When applying the t-paired test at a 95% confidence level, it was found that both methods did not present statistically significant differences in terms of accuracy. Therefore, it can be stated that the proposed methodology is reliable, low cost, fast and presents low consumption of reagents and samples.

This study proposes a new methodology based on the detection by digital filming, using a webcam incorporated to a automatic batch-flow titrator (FBT-DM), to determine the total acidity of red wines. The chemical principle of titration is based on the presence of anthocyanins in the matrix of wines from the grape, which have different structures and colorations according to the acidity or alkalinity of the medium. In the titration implementation, the webcam records the digital film only during addition of the titrant in the mixing chamber, recording the color variations resulting from the acid-base reaction in the chamber interior. As the movie is recorded, it is decomposed into frames ordered sequentially at a constant rate of 30 frames per second (FPS). At the end of the titration, the software extracts the R, G, and B values of the resulting digital image sequence from the film to calculate the analytical response used in the construction of the titration curve. Only The R component was used as the analytical response for this purpose. The titration curves are obtained in real time by plotting the analytical signal (R-red channel) versus the titrant volume. The proposed method was used to analyze the samples of red wines and validated against potentiometric titration used as a reference method. It was found that there were no statistically significant differences between the results of the proposed method and the reference method by applying the paired t-test to the 95% confidence level. The FBT-DM titrator allow to analyse of 26 h-1 samples with relative standard deviation of less than 3.0% in the determination of the total acidity expressed as g.L-1 of tartaric acid. The sample and titrant reagent consumption was respectively 1,6 and 2,0 ml per analysis. The samples of red wines presented concentration between 10.5 and 14.9 g L-1 of tartaric acid.

Institutions are the rules of the game that seek to minimize the costs of social interactions by making behaviors more predictable by defining the actors' strategic calculation of the pursuit of their interests. In order to improve its regulatory function of collective action, some institutions change over time; however, do these institutional changes prove substantive changes in the behavioral pattern of the actors? Looking at the legislative arena, this paper seeks to identify the nuances of the new institutional arrangement in the Brazilian budget process with the implementation of the flexible fiscal budget and possible changes in the pattern of presentation of parliamentary amendments. Using quantitative impact assessment techniques to identify the effect of the new rule on amendments submitted in 2012 and 2016, comparing the before and after the approval of EC nº 86 of 2015.

The Permanent Parenting Core “Nome Legal” created by the Public Ministry of Paraiba appeared in 2015 as a way of effectuation and institutionalization of the practices of the same name project, being this one developed as a result of the alarming numbers from the school census of the National Council of Justice in 2011, shows that 5,5 million children did not have their father‟s name on the birth certificate. The study objective is analyze the Permanent Parenting Core, considering the participants memories, connecting with Public Ministry developed actions and the perspective of family and paternity, by a project in human rights. About the methodology, a qualitative research was done using Oral History‟s proceedings, performing half structured interviews. Nevertheless the international rules about children rights protection exist since 1924, Brazil was a lingerer in this aspect, because it only had regulated the child and the juvenil, as a right subject, gifted with full protection, in 1988 with the current Federal Constitution, constituting in the Child and Adolescent Statute in 1990. By the project analysis, is perceived that a “beyond the court” acting of the Public Ministry has a great relevance in the implementation and consolidation of the child and adolescents rights, mostly in the reason by the damage caused by the judicialization. The memory, according to Le Goff (1990), Pollak (1992), Leal (2016) and others, in “association” with the oral history and the present time history, were indispensable devices of research and comprehension in this study, because they contributed to the building of a more complete and equanimous history, without manipulation or oblivion impositions, attributing importance to every event. So, it is able to conclude that the ministerial performance – and the task force set up by the Public Ministry – was directly responsible for improving the family situation in the state of Paraíba, contributing to a paradigm shift related to fatherhood, based (mainly) on the affection, collaborating to the gradual redetermination of the patriarchal family model, although it has solid roots.

The exploitation of child labor is a source of violation of the human rights of children, which entails profound changes in the organization of their lives, especially in the right to education, culture and leisure. The Child and Adolescent Statute (ECA) came into being in line with the Convention on the Rights of the Child, in order to deconstruct the culture of exploitation as something rooted in the national imagination, promoting a culture of integral protection for these developing people and conferring to them the status of social subjects and rights. In this context, this dissertation had as a guiding problem: in view of the context after the ECA, in what way the Service of Coexistence and Strengthening of Links has been implemented in João Pessoa from the perspective of the System of Guarantee of Rights of the Child and of the Teenager? The general objective was to analyze the Service of Coexistence and Strengthening of Links as a human rights policy that seeks to confront the exploitation of child labor based on the System of Guarantee of Rights of Children and Adolescents. To do so, we developed research with the Coexistence and Linkage Strengthening Service in five Social Assistance Reference Centers in João Pessoa (CRAS), as well as in the Specialized Reference Center for Social Assistance (CREAS). Semi-structured interviews were carried out with 7 subjects, so that we could verify if, in practice, the policy of confronting the exploitation of child labor is being carried out in the city. Data from the interviews were analyzed through a discourse analysis of Bardin, with regard to the 5 interviews with the CRAS Coordinators, and qualitative analysis of the interview with the CRAS State Coordinator and the State Reference Technique of the Strategic Actions of the Program Eradication Program Child labor. The results showed that, in general, there are strategic actions and services to prevent, combat and confront the exploitation of child labor, but some obstacles persist, such as the still precarious architectural structure and the reduced staffing, which implementation of such policies. This research points to the need for public policies on human rights to eradicate the exploitation of child labor, so we conclude that the services of CREAS and CRAS are fundamental in this process.

Le personnalisme d'Emmanuel Mounier a pour centre l'être humain, dans ses réflexions. Il le présente à travers le concept de la personne, d'une manière particulière, propre et originale. Cependant, on peut trouver des traces du développement du concept de personne à travers l'Histoire de la Philosophie. L'organisation de l'idée de l'être humain en tant que personne, comme nous le savons aujourd'hui, cependant, apparaît seulement en 1932, les publications de la revue Esprit en France, sous l'inspiration et la direction de Mounier. Dans son travail, le philosophe entreprend l'effort de conceptualiser la personne pour répondre aux exigences d'une véritable réflexion dans la philosophie, sans toutefois céder ou remettre la personne à leurs possibilités limitées de connaissances, ses outils techniques et conceptuels, car pour lui la personne ne pourrait jamais être étudiée comme objet, puisqu'elle lui est irréductible à tout point de vue. Dans ce travail, nous présentons une réflexion sur le mouvement de personnalisation et de dépersonnalisation, selon la pensée de Mounier. La personnalisation est le mouvement que l'être humain accomplit pour assumer la condition de la personne. La condition de personne est entendue comme télos de tout être humain et se réalise, se concrétise ou apparaît; c'est un mouvement et cela arrive car il suit un chemin privé et non-transférable. Insérer cette réflexion sur les lignes de recherche philosophiques de la Phénoménologie et Herméneutique, par conséquent, il est logique: si la personne arrive, apparaît. Si cela apparaît, c'est un phénomène. La dépersonnalisation, à son tour, sera analysée dans cette réflexion, de deux manières, ou deux interprétations: d'abord, par opposition à la personnalisation, un mouvement qui part de la situation et la vie personnelle a été accompli en quelque sorte; mouvement dans lequel elle subit le processus de cesser d'être. La deuxième possibilité ou la compréhension du terme est celui dans lequel l'être humain est même pas un, plus exact de dire non personnalisation, soit à cause des déterminations de l'environnement dans lequel ils vivent et d'autres, que ce soit par choix conscient et libre, qui est fondement de la vie personnelle.

This research investigates the philosophy of liberation in Dussel, its genesis and evolution, assuming the fundamental and decisive influence of philosopher Karl Marx to that thought, in particular, from the concept of exteriority. This is understood as being the area where the other reveals and manifests itself as a free being. Stem from the exteriority as the main category of thought in Marx, and fundamental theoretical assumption, Dussel's speech becomes feasible, in particular, as a thinker who opts for the victim, which was constituted as the distinctive feature in his philosophical thinking. The work aims to study the ethical concern with the liberation of the man from the unethical of capital, implicit in the social relations of production, which in Dussel, pervades the political-ecological field in which humanity is denied. Given this, it is assumed that in Dussel's thesis there is a natural vocation for the victim: his thinking is directed and built, deliberately, in favor of the victim. The effort of this work is to show that the victim is the common thread of all his thought while Liberation Philosophy, passing through Ethics, Politics and Ecology, by taking the political mediation to reach an Ecological Material of Liberation. To do this, as an approach strategy, the categories exteriority and liberation signal the philosophical analysis to the necessary inclination along with the topic investigated, through the reading of Dussel's major works, in dialogue with the philosophy of praxis of Marx. As an outcome of the hypothesis raised, it is intended to show how Dussel's option for the victim demands from the Philosophy of Liberation a critical pretension of thought, under four perspectives: historically situate Dussel, the History of Philosophy in America and the Philosophy of Liberation, in the sense of expressing the echo of the oppressed since its origin; through an Ethics of Liberation, as a critical pretension of modernity; of an Ethics of Liberation from a Marxist rereading of Dussel, guided by the category of living labor which indicates the exploitation and domination of the worker, the victim; and an Ecological one, demanding a Political Praxis of Liberation based on an Ecological Material Reflection. Therefore, the philosophical work is challenged and provoked by the real need to go to the victim's aid, a demand of the Latin American people on their way to liberation. As for the results, it is emphasized the understanding of reality and the critique of the capitalist system with emphasis on the philosophical theoretical-practical reflection of Enrique Dussel, in the ecological field, which crosses all the others, ethical, political, economic, etc .; for their contributions in the chaotic contemporary scenario, for the courage to point to the other society that is beyond this one, modern and capitalist that oppresses and massacres the worker.

This thesis offers a critical access to the problem of ideology situated within the relation between reality and consciousness in modern society. We elaborate the question from the Hegelian ontology updated by the Marxian critique, that is, as a totality formed from mediations triggered by means of the fundamental contradiction that we design as a distension formed by ruptures and continuities between: on the one hand, the content of the relations that is, the concrete reality of capital as a social reason immanent to modern society, deciphered in social forms such as value, commodity, financial capital, fictitious capital, etc .; and on the other, the form that acquires consciousness the way these relations are experienced by the individuals in this society under the mediation of the ideology form. We situate the detours provoked by this determining contradiction in the global field of the interaction between reality and consciousness as a contradiction always in process. Contradiction between content and form, which unfolds in a series of determinations, thus forming a totality constituted from how these phenomena establish mediations interacting with each other in the conformation of a complex web that we are accustomed to define as society. Thinking like this requires that reality is not conceived as an external thing; but, on the contrary, ontologically as an externalization and extension of the human being understood as a social being (gesellschaftliche Wesen). We theorize that the human being is a producer not only of values of use, but of reality, which materializes through the same processes from and through which is produced, that is: work and language as a unit in its reason social identity that manifests objectively in history between content and form. In our analysis, we demonstrate how Marx inherits from Hegel the key to the question: what we produce as reality must be understood in terms of its conditions of production both subjective and objective. In our argument, through the concept of real virtuality, a deep connection is found between the problem of ideology reworked from an ontologicaldialectical access rescued in Hegel, and the problem of the form of value (Wertform) in Marx, since the commodity form (Warenform) to the reason immanent to fictitious capital (fiktives Kapital) in this twenty-first century. Ideology shows itself as an astute social form that acquires the idea in the way individuals experience the immanent reason to the real produced as a content of social relations historically established under capitalist domination. We conclude that ideology operates by "harmonizing" contradictions as it produces a social "truth" that covers its own falsity. This complexity is what we call real virtuality: ideology does not distort the real, but it sneaks reality into its production process as an immanent progression based on the profound movement of that society in the interaction between reality and consciousness, from the process of working through by language, even as it is subsumed and becomes only a moment of the development of capital. Finally, we present two moments of analysis in order to produce some diagnoses about contemporary political reality: i) The first analyzes the mediations between ideology, capital and state in the Brazilian historical block initiated with the Real Plan; ii) The second analyzes the current context of ideology and capital in the digital era of automation of work and the robotization of political subjectivity.

In our research, we seek to perceive the cultural identity of those who make and live the culture, who transforms and strengthens these cultural manifestations, having as its main focus the individual, the indispensable element to cultural groups, the master. We chose to tell the story of the Benedito family, analyzing the relationship with the culture of Cabedelo, we looked for answers about how was the performance of the masters Benedito and Domerina in the cultural life of Cabedelo, as the relation of these masters with the popular culture and how the profile of a master. In order to base our studies, we sought to know the conceptions of culture through the debate on Cultural History in Peter Burke (2008), we worked on the concept of memory through the studies of Le Goff (1990) and Bosi (1994), who guided us by the memory paths of our collaborators in the research. These narratives, elaborated from memory on the life of the masters Benedito and Domerina, helped to construct a biographical account based on the conceptions of Priore (2009), Avelar and Schmidt (2012). We use the methodology of Oral history, through the conceptions of Meihy and Holland (2015). The work is structured in three chapters: the first chapter focuses on the city, the place of action of cultural groups, already in the second chapter we present the individual, the one who lived the culture in their daily lives, the masters of culture, and for the third chapter, to present the relation of the individual with the popular culture. Finally, we came to the final considerations, where we observed that the participation in the organization of the various cultural groups and the dedication to the local culture were decisive for the recognition of the masters as important figures in the cultural history of the city.

Pulp Fiction (1994), Kill Bill vol. 1 (2003), Kill Bill vol. 2 (2004) and Inglourious Basterds (2009) are representative of a postmodern feel that permeates the entire filmography of American director Quentin Tarantino. The director's aesthetic choices will be analyzed into the perspective of concepts that characterize contemporary culture and society, such as those exemplified or theorized by Susan Sontag, Jean François Lyotard, Fredric Jameson, Ihab Hassan, Stuart Hall, Charles Jencks and Linda Hutcheon. Our aim is to provide an investigation able to cross the formal construction of Quentin Tarantino's metafictional discourse interweaving the problem of the crisis of representation and the representation of subjectivity in postmodern cinema.

The present work represents a linguistic study that describes the lexicon-semantic aspects in Caetés (1933), São Bernardo (1936) and Vidas Secas (1938), by Graciliano Ramos. Herein it is provided a glossary with the regional/popular léxicon of the writer which consists in a survey of regional/popular words and expressions from these works, supported by theoretical and methodological assumptions of Lexicology, Lexicography, including dialectical Lexicography, or regional, Semantics, as well as Dialectology, Sociolinguistics and Ethnolinguistics. Considering that its limits are defined by the regional/popular speech records contextualized in the literature studied and with the aim of proceeding to a lexiconsemantic description and analysis, and in the geo-socio-ethnolinguistic perspective, reaffirming the language-society-culture interface, the content of literary aspects and the processes inherent to it are not objects of study, they only support the analyses.

Le présent travail découle de la nécessité d'observer le Livre Didactique (LD) du Portugais comme Langue Étrangère (PLE) concernant le traitement donné aux aspects lexicaux de la langue dans ses textes et activités pour l'acquisition/apprentissage du portugais brésilien. Nous concevons, dans cette nécessité, que les pratiques pédagogiques du PLE doivent être guidées par le découpage de la sémantique, reflétés, à leur tour, dans les manuels didactiques et pédagogiques, comme dans le cas de LD. pour ce faire, nous analysons les livres suivants: 1. Novo Avenida Brasil (volume 1 e 2); 2. Horizontes: Rumo à Proficiência em Língua Portuguesa; 3. Brasil Intercultural: Língua e Cultura Brasileira para estrangeiros (Nível 1); 4. Bem-Vindo! A Língua Portuguesa no mundo da comunicação, dans la version numérique-en ligne. Notre objectif principal est l'observation qualitative-descriptive et l'appréciation des activités qui intègrent les relations sémantiques lexicales de synonymes et antonymia et hyperonymy/hyponymia, qui sont fondamentales pour la réalisation de l'apprentissage d'une Langue Étrangère. Grâce à cet engagement, nous avons construit nos études, d'abord, avec la présentation, à la fois de la trajectoire historique de la PLE, et de sa situation actuelle, en soulignant ses influences sous-jacentes et les perspectives d'enseignement. En outre, nous préconisons l'importance d'une éducation des enseignants qui favorise l'apprentissage, en fait, montrant le besoin imminent d'amélioration et une plus grande intimité avec la perspective de sa propre langue dans le niveau étranger. Dans l'ordre, nous avons réfléchi à l'examen de compétence dans la région, le CELPE-Bras, se configurant comme un évaluateur et un instrument régulateur de cette dimension d'enseignement, dès que les conceptions de la langue de la nature socio-interactioniste ont été soulevées. Dès lors, nous analysons notre corpus et nos suggestions de traitement du lexique, que nous considérons plus efficaces pour l'enseignement et l'apprentissage en PLE. Dans l'ensemble de ce travail, nous soulignons le rôle de la sémantique, spécifiquement aux relations lexicales, pour l'enseignement de la PLE, dans l'hypothèse que l'enseignement du lexique dans la construction des significations dans le texte est essentiel pour la formation de l'étranger dans la langue cible, parce que, en pensant au sens dans l'élaboration des pratiques d'enseignement, le Le répertoire de vocabulaire de l'apprenant est en cours de construction sous l'égide du contexte de l'utilisation de la langue, de la communication.

Schizophrenia is a neuropsychiatric disorder that predisposes genetic, behavioral and cognitive factors. The symptomatology of schizophrenia causes damage to behavioral sleep factors, which in turn are associated with plasticity and consolidation of neurocognitive processes. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of sleep quality of schizophrenic patients and their non - affected relatives on working memory and executive functions. It was divided into two articles: (I) Cognitive Functions of Schizophrenia and Unrelated Relatives: A Systematic Review, conducted a review in the literature on the cognitive and sleep quality aspects of schizophrenic patients and their non-psychotic relatives. The Pubmed and Medline databases were used as a tool during the period from 2000 to 2015. Schizophrenia associated with the following keywords: “memory”, “attention” and “executive function” was evaluated in combination with the words “siblings AND sleep”: Of the 421 articles found, four met the inclusion criteria. The results showed that there is cognitive deficit of memory, attention and executive functions in schizophrenic patients and their non-affected relatives associated with delays in the delta waves of the sleep spindles; (II) Sleep and Memory in Patients with Schizophrenia and Unrelated Relatives, assessed aspects of sleep quality and associated measures of memory and executive functions of schizophrenic patients and their non-affected relatives. A total of 85 subjects of both sexes, aged between 24 and 58 years old, were divided into three groups: schizophrenic (GEez: n = 25; M = 44.52; SD = 7.4); relatives not affected (GEp: n = 30; M = 41.93; SD = 10.5); healthy controls (GC: n = 30; M = 38.17; SD = 8.6). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Questionnaire and the Hörne and Ostberg Chronotype Identification Questionnaire, and ReyOsterriech's Complex Neuropsychological Tests and Sequence of numbers and letters. The results showed a significant difference in sleep quality in GC when compared to GEez (U = 26.5; z = -5.96; p < 0.001) and GEp (U = 238.5; z = -3.21; p < 0.01), and in the tests of Rey Complex Figure copy memory and in the Sequence of Numbers and Letters the GC presented better gross score when compared to GEez (U = 26.5; z = -5.96; p < 0.001 ) and GEp (U = 238.5; z = -3.21; p < 0.01). We conclude that subjects with Schizophrenia and their non-affected relatives have alterations in behavioral aspects of sleep as well as in the neurocognitive processes of working memory and executive functions.

Depression is a serious and disabling psychiatric disorder with a high incidence in the population. The treatment involves drugs that possesses undesired effects and in many cases, decreases the patient's adherence to the treatment. This fact has encouraged the search for new drugs and the vegetable kingdom has been widely investigated in this sense. Flavonoids are an important class of secondary metabolites found in different plant species. Quercetin (3, 5, 7, 3 '- 4' pentahydroxy flavone),is one of the most abundant flavonoids in the human diet, it has has several biological activities such as: anti-inflammatory, anti-aggregating, antihypertensive, diabetic, anxiolytic and antidepressant. This last activity, however, is still not well characterized and this fact led to the development of the present study, which aimed to evaluate the antidepressant-like effect of quercetin, through behavioral and neurochemical tests. Male Swiss mice (CEUA / UFPB protocol 112/2016) were used, from the Animal Production Unit of the Federal University of Paraíba - UPA / UFPB. The animals were divided into groups composed of six mice, which were orally treated with saline, quercetin 10 and 40 mg / kg and intraperitoneally with imipramine 30 mg / kg and subjected to open field and forced swimming tests. For the purpose of investigating the possible mechanism of action, quercetin was administered alone (0.5 mg / kg, v) and in combination with antidepressants bupropion (0.1 mg / kg, ip), fluoxetine (0.1 mg / kg , ip) and imipramine (1 mg / kg, ip) in animals submitted to forced swimming. In addition, neurochemical analyzes were performed to determine the striatal concentration of monoamines and the hippocampal concentration of nitrite and TBARs. The results showed that the administration of quercetin did not alter the locomotor activity of the animals submitted to the open field; on the other hand, the compound in question significantly and dose-dependently reduced the immobility time of animals in the forced swimming. This effect was potentiated in the presence of bupropion and imipramine, but not of fluoxetine. Treatment with quercetin (10 mg / kg, v.o.) did not change the hippocampal concentration of nitrite and TBARs, two important markers of oxidative stress. Finally, oral administration of flavonoid significantly increased the concentration of noradrenaline, but not dopamine, in the striatum of animals subjected to the forced swimming test. Taken together, the results suggest that the antidepressant-like effect of quercetin seems to depend, at least in part, on the increase in the striatal concentration of monoamines, especially noradrenaline.

The objective of this study was to analyze whether human values, positivity and coping predict adherence to antiretroviral treatment. Specifically, it sought to know the relationship between these variables; and propose a theoretical model of adherence to antiretroviral treatment. A sample of 199 patients living with HIV / AIDS, with a mean age of 41 years, ranging from 18 to 73 (SD = 10.98), mostly men (55.3%), (51.8%), heterosexuals (80.9%), with fundamental education (44.7%), who were not working (62.3%) and middle class (44.7%). All were on antiretroviral treatment in a hospital of infectious diseases of a northeastern capital. After the approval of a Research Ethics Committee, the participants answered the Basic Values Questionnaire, Positivity Scale, COPE Brief, CEAT - HIV Treatment Accession Scale, HIV infection evolution questionnaire and a questionnaire sociodemographic. The data were analyzed using the statistical programs PASW and AMOS (both in its version 18). With the former, descriptive statistics, t-test and analysis of variance for group comparison, Pearson's correlation analysis and regression analysis were performed. With the second, a path analysis was performed, establishing normative and interactive evaluative sub-functions, positivity, positive coping and support dimensions, and as a criterion variable adherence to antiretroviral treatment. The results indicated that the normative, interactive and existence value sub-functions were positively related to adherence to antiretroviral treatment. This variable also had a positive relationship with positivity, positive coping, coping support, while negative coping with negative coping. Additionally, an explanatory model was developed for adherence to antiretroviral treatment, taking into account social values, positivity and dimensions of positive coping and support, which was adjusted to the data. Thus, it is hoped to have contributed to the understanding of the subject, broadening the understanding about the phenomenon of adherence to antiretroviral treatment based on the role of human values and positive personal characteristics.

Vitiligo is a disease with a complex and non-consensual etiology, affecting up to 2% of the world population, characterized by the formation of white spots, through the skin depigmentation. Consensually, it is understood that it presents asymptomatically in the physical-organic dimension of the one who has it. Nonetheless, the whitish macules provoke estrangement subjective and intersubjective experiences, caused, most of all, by their exposure in the social context. Thus, it can be said that Vitiligo is not just another skin disorder, but it is, above all, a social object that generates Social Representations (SR), which serve as guides for behavior towards it. In this context, considering that most studies developed on the subject focus on biological aspects of the skin illness process and, consecutively, demonstrating the literature incipience that apprehend the condition in an holistic way, this dissertation aimed to broaden the Vitiligo understanding from the point of view of who owns it, considering their values, perceptions, opinions and ideas. To do so, two empirical studies were carried out. The first one aimed at apprehending the SR of Vitiligo elaborated by people who have such infirmity. In this, 196 Brazilians with Vitiligo participated, from all country regions, with ages ranging from 18 to 70 years (M=38.85, SD=12.53), predominantly female (70.02%), through the online response of a sociodemographic questionnaire and the question: "For you, what is Vitiligo?". The Descending Hierarchical Classification and Similitude Analysis of the collected material allowed identifying multifaceted approaches to the disease understanding, in which the content emerged through the speech of social actors anchors the disease comprehension sometimes to the dermatological/biomedical knowledge, or the psychodermatological knowledge. The second study aimed to identify the core nucleus and peripheral elements of the Vitiligo's SR, as well as the self-image that people with the disease have. It was attended by 370 participants from all Brazil regions, aged 18-67 years (M=35.71; SD=12.11), predominantly female (80.7%), through the online resolution of a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Free Word Association Technique (FWAT). It is noteworthy that in the FWAT the participants' responses were given from the inductors "Vitiligo" and "myself", the latter being related to the perception that the person with the disease has about him/herself. The results indicated, through the prominence of psychosocial evocations, that Vitiligo's marks are not restricted to the skin, but overlap it, since having them, in the stigmatizing and prejudiced social dynamics, negatively affects social experiences, the self-image and the self-esteem of the people with the illness, causing self-deprecating feelings characteristic in the self-stigmatization. In general terms, the two empirical studies results have shown that the Vitiligo understanding is permeated by biopsychosocial dimensions. These are significant and innovative contributions to the disease understanding, approaching the Social Psychology to the Health Psychology, insofar as it is connected to the dermatology knowledge.