RCAAP Repository

This research is linked to the Education Policy Research Line of the Postgraduate Program of the Education Center of the UFPB - PPGE / UFPB and to the Group of Studies and Research of Pedagogy Paulo Freire (GEPPF). The study aims to identify the presence / absence of categories of pedagogy Paulo Freire in the National Curriculum Guidelines for the training of teachers in the Licenciatura Courses and the Guidelines that guide the Pedagogical Projects of the Courses (PPCs) of Degree in the Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB). More specifically, we aim to verify if in the official documents used as references for the construction of the pedagogical project of the Pedagogy course there are indications of the Paulo Freire Pedagogy; to describe how the theoretical categories of Freirean Pedagogy appear in the teacher training documents and to analyze if there is contribution of the Paulo Freire Pedagogy in the construction of the PPC of the course of Pedagogy of the campus I. The methodological approach is qualitative and the sources of research are documentary in nature (CHIZZOTTI, 2013). The analysis and analysis of data was the Content Analysis, through the thematic analysis (BARDIN, 2011). The theoretical perspective that guided the research is the Critical Theory based on Freire (1996, 1979, 1991, 1996, 2001, 2009), Apple (2002) and Giroux (1986) that guided us to understand educational policies through critical reflection of reality and possibilities for transformation. For teacher training, we are based on the works of the authors Brzezinski (2011), Dourado (2001, 2011), Freitas (2002, 2014), who understand the teacher education policy from the perspective of guiding principles of initial formation and continued in pedagogical political projects. The results of the research showed us that there are indications of the Freirean categories such as initial formation, continuous formation, permanent formation, unit theory-practice, praxis and dialogue (interdisciplinarity) in the documents that guide the policy of teacher training and in the construction of pedagogical PPCs of the UFPB, however these categories do not appear, as a radical Paulo Freire pedagogy. This will be object of study for later studies.

The natural phenomena of droughts and floods have significant repercussions. To avoid the negative consequences of these phenomena, it is necessary to carry out an effective monitoring, analysis and planning. A tool that is gaining prominence in forecasting and, consequently, alerting in decision making is the artificial neural networks due to the large modeling capacity of non-linear and non-stationary time series, characteristics of precipitation. In view of the above, the general objective of this work is to perform SPI spatiotemporal prediction, parameter of drought and humidity quantification, in the Upper São Francisco river sub-basin (sub-basin 40), through the application of Artificial Neural Network and to evaluate its efficiency, with the specific objectives being: (a) to analyze the spatio-temporal behavior of standardized precipitation indices, in the short- and long-term, from 1998 to 2015; (b) to develop ANN architecture, perform SPI forecast for short- and long-term, evaluate the quality of results and define the best model; (d) to analyze the spatiotemporal correlation between the data observed and those predicted by the best prediction model; and (e) to analyze the stochastic effect on the results predicted by the best prediction model after 30 runs. The study was carried out in a space grid of 169 (one hundred and sixty-nine) points, equidistant 0.25°, comprising sub-basin 40, located in the central region of Minas Gerais. The precipitation data used were obtained from the TRMM 3B42 product and comprised the period from January 1, 1998 to December 31, 2015. Using feedforward multilayer ANNs trained by the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm, forecasts were made for a year ahead and the performance of each ANN was evaluated. From the obtained results, it is observed that the ANNs that presented the best performances belong to the Model 15, with 15 years of input data, the years 2000 to 2014. The values of R and kappa, resulting from the prediction using the ANNs from Model 15, were better for long-term SPIs compared to short-term SPI results. The R values ranged from very low (0 ≤ R < −0.1) to high (0.7 to 0.9) and very high (0.9 to 1), the latter two being at most of the forecast values. The kappa varied from optimal (0.81–0.99) to poor (0.20–0.40), the latter being punctual results. Thus, ANN with 15 years of input data proved to be an effective tool for predicting SPI from one year ahead.

In this work, we investigate the system in which a neutral particle with magnetic dipole momentum interacts with an external electric field subject to the central potentials, such as scalar potentials proportional to the radial distance and Coulomb like potential. In addition, we analyse the same system when it is confined to a two-dimensional quantum ring and to a quantum dot. In the search for analytical solutions for the Schrödinger-Pauli equation we show that the energy states for this system of a neutral particle subject to the central potentials depend on the quantum geometric phase φAC and the quantum numbers associated with the radial modes, angular momentum, and spin of the system {n, l, s}. Furthermore, we present the quantization of Landau for a neutral particle with a permanent magnetic dipole moment in the presence of external fields and under the influence of a Coulomb like potential. We use the idea of Ericsson e Sjöqvist which consists in using the system proposed by Aharonov and Casher to generate an analogue of the quantization of Landau for neutral atom systems. Moreover, we observe that when the analogue of the Landau quantization is subject to a Coulomb like potential its cyclotron frequency is modified in contrast with the behavior found by of reference. Finally, we discuss the quantum effect characterized by the dependence of quantum numbers with the angular frequency.

Dietary fiber is a limiting nutrient in the nutrition of pigs because dietary fibers have fibrous fractions, depending on their characteristics can be used to improve or impair the growth performance of animals. In this context according to its characteristics the non-starch polysaccharides (soluble or insoluble) may cause different reactions in the gastrointestinal tract of finishing pigs. Approximately 70% of the production of finishing pigs expenses are tied to the purchase of ingredients that make up their rations. Thus, the use of fibrous foods, often ingredient of low commercial value, in diets of finishing pigs can become an alternative and has been studied by many researchers with the objective of reducing activity costs. The fibrous ingredients used in finishing swine diets are composed of dietary fiber composed of an aggregate of compounds comprising mainly non-starch polysaccharides and phenolic compounds such as lignin. The non-starch polysaccharides are classified according to their solubility, soluble and insoluble. The content and solubility of non-starch polysaccharides used to compose the diets of finishing pigs vary according to the species and age of plant tissue and thus can interfere on the performance of finishing pigs. On the other hand the analytical study goal appears as an analytical tool that combines results of various studies performing reproducible and quantifiable summary of data.The data synthesis proposed by the meta-analysis improves the statistical potential in research on the effects of treatments, with If more reliable as the estimate of effect. In case of apparently discordant effects, the study analytical target yields overview of the situation. By analyzing the individual effect of a treatment with a low analytical potential due to the reduced n often can not be established plausible conclusions thus meta-analysis increases the likelihood verify significant differences between the work to improve the analytical power of the study . Considering the high amount of studies that present with the same goal, check the growth performance of finishing pigs using alternative foods high in dietary fractions and not always in accordance with its results becomes relevant study Analytical goal in order to evaluate the performance and the characteristics of the pig carcass finishing fed diets containing soluble and insoluble dietary fibers introduced in the feeding of pigs through the inclusion of alternative ingredients in their diets

In tropical vitiviniculture, annual minimum temperatures are not enough to induce the dormancy, favoring two or more scheduled crops per year, in the same vineyard. Currently, the main region of tropical grape juice production in Brazil is the Submiddle of São Francisco Valley, based on the cultivars Isabel Precoce, BRS Cora, BRS Violeta and BRS Magna. In addition to the climatic conditions in each production season, the production system can also affect the quality and phenolic composition of the grapes, depending on the architecture of the canopy in each trellis system and the scion-rootstock interaction. Thus, the study had the aim of characterizing the quality and antioxidant potential of 'Isabel Precoce' and 'BRS Cora' grapes in different trellis systems and rootstocks, in four consecutive seasons. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, in sub-subplots through time, with four replications. Three trellis systems and two rootstocks were studied in cycles of the first and second semesters of 2017 and 2018. At harvest, bunch mass; berry mass; soluble solids content; soluble sugars; titratable acidity; resistance of the berry to the compression force; color attributes of skin L, a* and b*; anthocyanin and yellow flavonoid content in the skin; content of total extractable polyphenols in skin and pulp; antioxidant activity by the free radical capture methods ABTS●+ e DPPH● were evaluated. Trellis systems that allow greater interception of solar radiation, such as lyre and overhead trellis system, and less vigorous rootstocks, which provide greater opening of the canopy and consequent interception of solar radiation, have induced an increase in berry mass and soluble sugar content, as they contributed to the synthesis of phenolic compounds. Some components of grape quality and composition showed variations, even with climatic factors, trellis system, rootstock and the same genetic characteristics of the scion, indicating that other elements may influence them. Therefore, the choice of the trellis system and rootstock should consider the stability of the chemical compounds of commercial importance in the cycles of the same period of the year, in order to allow predictable quality of the grape and its derivatives throughout harvests.

An experiment was conducted in the period from 05/08/2011 to 09/25/2012, to evaluate the effects of organic gypsum and organic sources followed by continuous washing and cultivation of sunflower (Helianthus anus) cv 112/V-2000 and rice (Oryza sativa) Diamond variety in a sodic saline soil from the Irrigated Perimeter of São Gonçalo, Sousa municipality, Paraíba State, Brazil. The treatments were distributed in randomized blocks, with four replications, regarding to control (without gypsum and without any organic source), agricultural gypsum, bovine manure, rice husk, coconut husk, gypsum + bovine manure, gypsum + rice husk and, gypsum + coconuthuskl. The work is divided in three chapters. In Chapter - I, p. 15 – 54, are the data of pH, electrical conductivity of the saturation extract and exchangeable sodium percentage evaluated before the application of the treatments, after the washing of the soil, after the cultivation of sunflower and rice, respectively. The Chapter - II, p. 55 - 81, presents the results of growth and production of sunflower and the Chapter - III, p. 82 - 106, the growth data, macronutrients in leaf composition, sodium and grain yield.

The melon productivity (Cucumis melo L.) is very variable among the producers and, in most cases, lower than their productive potential. The present research aims to evaluate the influence of different doses of N and K on the quality and sensorial acceptance of Cantaloupe 'Hy Mark' melon cultivated in the Brejo region of Paraiba, determining the ones that are most suitable for commercial scale. The melons were cultivated in the experimental unit called the Chã de Jardim and a DBC in 3 blocks with 10 subdivided plots in the Campus II Agrarian Sciences Center, Areia, PB, where they were harvested at the appropriate point. (L *, a *, b *), fruit length and diameter, firmness, pH, soluble solids, titratable acidity, SS ratio / AT, total sugars, reducing and non - reducing, total extractable polyphenols, total antioxidant activity by ABTS radical capture, carotenoids, flavonoids, anthocyanins and sensory analysis. 228 kg ha-1 of Nitrogen and 252 kg K2O ha-1 of Potassium is the dose that provides fruits with quality to the Markt. Nitrogen has a direct influence on the antioxidant activity of melon. Potassium is the nutrient that provides the melon with the higher values for the physical and physical-chemical variables, contributing to the quality of the product.

Due to the increase in the number of researches related to teacher training and also to teacher knowledge, this study aims to understand the relation between the knowledge of school geography and the knowledge of academic geography and its influences on teacher education, considering that learning how this knowledge manifests has become very relevant for the discussion of public policies geared towards undergraduate courses, in the particular case, the major in Geography. To this purpose, the work presents a qualitative approach based on the oral history of individuals participating in that process. The methodological path developed during the research was based on a bibliographical review of authors from Geography and Education, a documentary research of the curriculum for Geography degree in FAFIDAM/UECE and fieldwork. Observational research, interviews and workshops were used with six teachers from two schools, in addition to interviews with four professors of the FAFIDAM Geography course. At the end of each procedure, the collected data were analyzed. It is intended from the use of these methods not only to investigate the individuals, but gives voice to them to contribute to the formation of the own author and also future Geography teachers. The research presented a series of issues referring to School Geography and Academic Geography and its influences on teachers training. Elementary school teachers tell they feel a distance between those two areas, mainly, in the way the contents are approached in each one. In other words, they agree that there is a gap between universityschool, and that this gap needs to be overcome in order to have a training that is closer to the reality experienced by them. Professors say that this gap has decreased with experiences of curricular reformulations, but they agree that other changes are still necessary in order to bring the knowledge produced in the academy closer to school knowledge. Faced with so many elements that permeate teacher education, it is important to work together with educators in the search for solutions that can contribute to the effective relation between university-school.

In this dissertation, we turn our attention to the space of the continuous surjections between euclidean spaces. We constructed a Peano curve, also known as a space ll curve, and proved a result of optimal lineability from the point of view of dimension. Then we prove some properties on the order of growth of whole functions and we deal with the problem of algebrability, proving that the space of continuous surjections with complex values is strongly maximal algebrable. Subsequently, we prove the spaceability of the Peano curves between euclidean spaces andwe nalize our work by bringing some generalizations of the presented results to topological vector spaces that are continuous image of the real line.

With a population aging process already in progress in 2010, the Brazilian Northeast presented expressive proportional values of deaths due to chronic-degenerative diseases, emerging neoplasias, mainly prostate, female breast and lung cancer in both sexes, in a context of social and economic inequalities. The objective was to evaluate the relationship between mortality rates by the main types of cancer and indicators of the living conditions of the elderly population of the Brazilian Northeast by sex. A cross-sectional ecological study to the years 2010 and 2015 was adopted to the 188 micro regions of the Northeast, using structural equation modeling. Population data, deaths and indicators of living conditions were extracted from IBGE, SIM/MS, and SISAP-Idoso, respectively. Due to problems in the quality of information on basic death causes, the death data were corrected for underreporting, ill-defined causes and garbage codes. The recovery of a considerable number of deaths made it possible to obtain a greater accuracy in the estimation of mortality rates at micro region and state levels. An increase in mortality rates was observed in the period. Structural equations modeling presented a robust model with significance for some indicators of living conditions. Rates were higher in microregions with lower percentages of illiterate elderly and in poverty, lower dependency ratio and higher percentage of elderly people living in households with running water. It was concluded that the results showed a trend of increased deaths of the elderly by the main types of cancer in the region, with higher levels in the microregions with better indicators of living conditions.

The popular festivals can act like promoter of sustainable local development, because it moves the economy and recover and spread the cultural values. The manner the foods are consumed and marketed on it manifests the local culture, however, its usually presents dubious hygienic-sanitary quality. Then, this research aims to explore the role of marketed foods in the Festa do Bode Rei (Goat King Festival), the principal touristic event of Cabaceiras (semi-arid city in Paraiba state), in regional social development by the valorisation of local culture and the use of Caatinga endemic species, also to observe the hygienic-sanitary control in the food marketing points. Therefore, two different surveys were applied to merchants and public respectively, and technical visits to establishment and microbiologic analysis on the stuff were carried out. From this, it was found that the tourists are the majority in the Festa do Bode Rei, the public prefers to go to the booths and the food is one of relevant reason to them to take part of the festival, it was evident the typical regional culinary as well. The festival moves significantly the supply chain, although the native species haven’t been used and often they’re confused with exotic species. Related to hygienic-sanitary conditions, the physical aspects of restaurants and snack bars didn’t comply with the legal requirements and in the most of places, neither permanents nor booth the manipulators were in conformity. About the analysis results, the water in the booth had better quality than restaurants, in both them the meat, as raw as cooked, had microbiological quality that complies with Brazilian legislation. In conclusion, the foods served in the festival were in agreement with legal requirements, however the water quality of restaurants and the manipulation practices must became better. In general, the Festa do Bode Rei plays its role to assist the development of Cabaceiras and provides a resisting and transmission of culture.

The dissipation of several arboviroses established emergency situation in health in Brazil and that implicated in intense mobilization between states and municipal districts to face the circulation viral that if it turned a challenge of great proportions. The man's actions, especially the economical activity, they have been causing environmental alterations that contribute directly to the re-emergence in health in Brazil. It is indispensable to evaluate the decisive factors in the echo-bio-social context, so that combat actions to the vector are accomplished based in the need and local reality. This way, the present work had as objective verifies the correlation among climatic factors, rising of fast index of Aedes aegypti and epidemic profile of arboviroses in the district of São José da Mata-PB in the period of 2016 and 2017. data of LIRAa those two years old were analyzed and accomplished visited in the homes that presented focuses of the vector for application of socioeconomic questionnaire and symptomatological, later the obtained data were compared to the climatic data of the time (available in the program INMET). It was observed that the number of nurseries of Ae. Aegypti was directly proportional to the accumulated rain in the period and the temperature stayed above the 22°C, which would be favorable for the reproduction of the vector.

The semi-arid region is among the most populated regions of the country. Here, traditional populations interrelate with the surrounding plant resources. Among these the Cactaceae family includes enhanced by its strong presence and distribution throughout Caatinga also for its use and socio-cultural importance. In periods of drought, the need for the use of some species can carry this seasonal practice to larger consequences as influences the distribution, considering the climate outlook for the region. Thus, this work will be presented in the form of chapters, where the first is entitled BOTANICAL LOCAL KNOWLEDGE AND CACTACEAE USE IN SEMIARID OF PARAÍBA, NORTHEAST BRAZIL and aims to record and analyze the knowledge and use of farmers in a community rural Paraiba Curimataú have / do about the species Cactaceae present in the region; and second, DISTRIBUTION AND MODELING Cereus jamacaru DC. subsp. jamacaru and Pilosocereus pachycladus F. Ritter. subsp. pernambucoensis (F. Ritter) Zappi (CACTACEAE), FORAGE: FUTURES PERSPECTIVES, which aims to assess the current and future distribution of Cereus jamacaru DC. subsp. jamacaru and Pilosocereus pachycladus F. Ritter. subsp. pernambucoensis considering the dynamics of feed use due to climate changes. Both chapters were written independently, for their publication in different journals.

Low molecular weight organic acids such as citric, lactic, malic and tartaric are often used in the food and beverage industry because of their antioxidant and acidulant properties. For this reason, they are generally used to maintain the flavor of the beverages, regulate the pH, mask the unpleasant taste of some compounds, neutralize the sweet taste and/or acidify the taste. Therefore, the development of robust analytical methodologies, fast and with minimal waste generation for the monitoring of these acids in beverages is of great importance because they influence drastically the organoleptic properties, stability and microbiological characteristics of these products. This work demonstrates the electrocatalytic oxidation of citric, lactic, malic, succinic and tartaric acids in the cobalt (II)-phthalocyanine modified carbon paste electrode - CoPC-CPE for the development of a sensitive and direct method employing square wave voltammetry associated with multivias calibration techniques to circumvent interference problems found in the samples. Calibration models were constructed for each analyte by using partial least squares unfolded with residual bilinearization (U-PLS/RBL) and resolution of multivariate curves with alternating least squares (MCR-ALS). The models were evaluated by using the validation set (25 mixtures) obtained with the Taguchi design. A linear response range between 10 and 100 μmol L-1 was used to U-PLS/RBL and MCRALS models which presented REP range varying from 2.58% to 5.46% and 4.47% to 5.78%, respectively. Finally, the calibration models U-PLS/RBL and MCR-ALS were applied to nine samples of fruit juices. The results obtained in both models reached the second order advantage and demonstrated an excellent analytical performance. In addition, paired t-test was applying between the proposed and the reference methods (AOAC method 974.18) where it was possible to observe that there was no statistically significant difference at a confidence level of 95%. Therefore, the proposed method is an unprecedented alternative, simple, fast and with little residue generation for determination of organic acids in fruit juices.

In biocatalytic processes with free cells or enzymes some difficulties must be overcome, for example, the compromise of the stability of the biocatalysts in the reactional processes deserves special attention. It is in this direction that this thesis proposes to contribute to the development of new strategies in biocatalysis, having as main scope to investigate the catalytic potential of Geotrichum candidum CCT 1205 cells and Burkholderia cepacia lipase immobilized onto functionalized silicas for applications in organic reactions such as Baeyer-Villiger and enzymatic transesterification. The results showed that the use of live cells of G. candidum CCT 1205 in Baeyer-Villiger reactions allowed rapid conversion of cyclic ketones to ɛ-caprolactone when compared to other microorganisms already reported. The presence of the carrier containing the immobilized microorganism provided evidence of stabilization of the cell medium by decreasing the toxicity of the substrate to the cells when in more concentrated media. Biotransformation of acetophenone without addition of glucose favors the formation of phenol. After 72 hours of reaction, the composition of the products yielded 46.9 and 45.5% of the phenol and 1phenylethanol respectively. Burkholderia cepacia lipase immobilized on functionalized silica demonstrated biocatalytic potential in transesterification reaction.

The present study investigates the reification of social relations - objectification - in the Marxist tradition, with a focus on the actuality of this phenomenon. In order to achieve this objective, three chapters have been constructed: The first chapter addresses the permanence (or not) of the current objectification and the circumstances in which it appears; the second chapter had as purpose to think the validity of the reification’s concept from the dialogue with Georg Lukács to whom the reification is interpreted as that emphasizing the bond with the Weberian rationalization in opposition to the Marxian foundation of the reification that recognizes it in the abstract work and the universalization of the commodities; in the third chapter, the emphasis is on the alienation, the reification and the fetishism of the commodity, in order to validate the interaction between these three Marxian categories, as regards the conditions for the emergence of social reification. At the same time, the intersection and particularity of these same three chapters are verified. Thus the hypothesis we announce is that the Marxian reification is a distinct category of Marxian alienation and fetishism. Its difference from alienation and fetishism is based on the fact that reification is a specific problem of contemporary capitalist societies of the stage of industrial and financial capitalism, as well as by referring directly to the relationship between things and persons; however, alienation is a category that, despite expressing a subjective condition of the individuals, has as its peculiarity a phenomenon prior to capitalist societies, although it is present in the latter, being associated with the social division of labor and appearing in history in pre- capitalists. In Marx, alienation is evidenced mainly in early works (when the philosopher was influenced by the Hegelian theory of alienation), as in the Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844 and the German Ideology of 1846. As for fetishism, it differs from reification above all by referring specifically to the commodity and its effects in individuals, considering that commodity in the universal form is a particularity of the modern capitalist economy, similar to reification. Thus, the research seeks to answer a question: if the reification of social relations, as a specific phenomenon of capitalist society, is identified with the fetishism of the commodity and with alienation.

This dissertation has as research theme the political history of a social microspace located in the interior of Ceará, in order to understand, based on the analysis of the political trajectory of an individual, the dynamics of the political field at local and regional levels in Brazil of the civil-military dictatorship, between the years of 1970 and 1982. The objective of this research is to analyze the factors that involved and chancelavam the entrance of new agents in the political field, traditionally limited to narrow oligarchic circles, as well as to know the elements that generate ruptures and permanence of the historical process, in articulation between local politic, regional and national.

Literary works are absorbed by the public and are often transformed into various types of artistic expression, such as cinema, theater, painting, sculpture, among others. As it is discussed in this paper, tattoos are also influenced by literature. This research aims to explore how literature marks human bodies by accessing what people who have these types of tattoos say about the decision to bear a specific text on their skin, verbal or non-verbal. The theoretical basis that permeates this research is the historical record of conceptions about the body, mainly based on Corbin, Courtine and Vigarello (2005[2008]). The practice of corporal modifications and tattoo history are present themes, focusing especially on Pires (2005), Marques (1997) and Gilbert (2000). Psychoanalysis also offers important contributions to the discussion, especially in subjects such as the unconscious, language, self-image and body marks. The subjectivity that exists in the definition of literature is another relevant point, because understanding what is considered as ―literature‖ contributes to the definition of what is considered a ―literary tattoo‖. This theme is mostly based on Eagleton (1985[2006]). Five tattoos are analyzed, inspired by three poems and a novel: ―A Virgem Maria‖ (1930) by Manuel Bandeira, ―Poeminho do contra‖ (1973) by Mário Quintana, ―Amor sem saída‖ (2013) by Pedro Gabriel, and Frankenstein (1831[s/d]) by Mary Shelley. The participants’ speeches are analyzed in order to observe how the literary text is blended with their lives and how they have found, on the skin, a space to express their relationship with the poetic text, which means a link between body, psyche and literature. Due to the fact that it is a type of artistic expression that occurs (almost) indelibly on the skin, a literary tattoo stimulates rich discussions about how literature leaves marks in people’s minds and bodies.

In Linguistics, the need to reformulate conceptions and practices regarding the teaching of Portuguese language has been much discussed. Among such discussions, the relevance of teaching based on the aspects of the meaning of language is strengthened, in particular the teaching based on the relations between words and between sentences, since its effectiveness in language learning. Hence, extrapolating the discussion, this thesis work arises from the premise that Semantics and teaching must be allies in the task of developing the skills and competences defended by the Brazilian official documents as well as the government entities responsible for Education. From this macro understanding, we propose, thinking about the importance of it, that the teaching of/through semantic components must be a constant since the lower grades of Elementary School, especially when to lexical aspects the theoretical assumptions that conceive the language as somehow culturally influenced and an influence for the thought, as seen in Ferrarezi Jr’s (2010, 2013) Cultural Semantics, are added. In the hypothesis that the lexicon of a language produces and reflects culture, it must be the logic that permeates teaching. For this reason, we defend a confluence between two distinct semantic theories: Lexical Semantics (LYONS,1979; ILARI; GERALDI,1987; MURPHY, 2000) and Cultural Semantics (FERRAREZI, 2010; 2013). Therefore, we aim to propose a new Semantic approach to Portuguese language teaching, as a result of the interposition of the two lexical theories that are sources of attention throughout this study. Under the scope of this new approach, it is argued that knowing how to make meaningful choices is fundamental for communication and teaching has the function of providing not only the vocabulary expansion, typically the focus of the initial grades of language study. It is also argued, above all, the apprehension that this language is a place of probabilities of use and contextual interdependence. In this sense, with the intention of constructing our trajectory in fulfillment of our general objective, we will qualitatively analyze, in an illustrative way, three collections of Portuguese language textbooks used in Elementary School, specifically, by the 4th and 5th years (the two last grades of this cycle). This object of analysis refers to textbooks recommended by the 2016 National Textbook Program (PNLD 2016) and of intense adhesion by the municipal public schools around Brazil. Our attention to the corpus (which are 10 activities taken from the textbooks of interest) is focused on the type of semantic work developed, and such concern is observed through some analytical categories used during our reflection. Directed by this analytical aspect and driven by the concern to provide a model that serves as a demonstration of the Lexical-Cultural Semantic (LCS) approach, which we defend, our last attempt is the elaboration of activities that illustrate our thesis, showing the inherence of cultural issues to lexical aspects, putting them as dichotomies in the construction process and perception of the language in use. Preceding the elaboration of such activities, we present other three activities in order to illustrate how the work based in this perspective is approached and distanced. Besides, we present four proposals of activities framed in the perspective of the Lexical-Cultural Semantic (LCS) approach. Finally, it should be pointed out that it is not a matter of assuming any specific semantic phenomena to be investigated, which led us to the cut of the relations of synonymy and antonym, homonymy and hyperonymy and lexical ambiguities, all of them based on analysis in generic terms, such as, successively: substitution activities, categorization activities, and activities of meaning identification.

Little is known about the structure of the Brazilian prison system the less we know about the reading practices carried out within this prison context. In principle, we understand the reading space as an environment that leads us to a practice of freedom, space that allows the reader to penetrate a world without limits. Recognizing that a space directed to the practice of reading can positively influence within a closing context, the object of study of this work is the library / reading room of the Penitentiary Judge Silvio Porto and the reader practices carried out from this space. Taking us to the following questions: How do you create a library inside a prison unit? What reader practices exist starting this space? Contemplating the horizon of these questions, this work aims to constitute the history of the library / reading room of the Penitentiary Judge Silvio Porto, in order to know the reader practices that take place from this space. In order to meet the objective we propose, we observed the space of the library / reading room of this penitentiary, the book cataloging and loans, we made photographic records and we interviewed the agent responsible for the resocialization sector of this unit and the responsible person responsible for the space of the school/library. research is characterized by being a field research, based on bibliographical and documentary and is inserted in the qualitative interpretative model. In order to better understand the reading practices carried out inside the libraries, we support authors such as Manguel (1997), Chartier (1999), Goulemot (2011), Fisher (2006), Espíndula (2015), among others. Deeper into the issues of prisons we rely on Foucault (1979, 2014). We can conclude that, sadly, the library / reading space is a space that works precariously, however, without the due attention of the public power for its effective functioning. Despite the malfunctioning and all the problems that involve this space, we find a craft organization of books, which serves as a guide for those who use this space. We realize that despite all the precariousness of this space, there is a bibliographical collection available for this audience and there are intramural reading practices, such as the reading club project, developed by a volunteer teacher, where the meetings take place weekly with discussions and workshops. Using a book every thirty days, during the meetings the grieving people talk about the works and write a review of the book.