RCAAP Repository

Candida spp infections are prevalent in the oral cavity, being indicated the use of drugs such as nystatin, fluconazole, miconazole. In specific infections such as peri-implantitis, the use of mouthwashes with chlorhexidine is recommended. However, adverse effects are observed and, therefore, recent studies seek therapeutic alternatives based on products of natural origin. The objective of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory effect of cinnamaldehyde, -terpineol and red propolis on biofilms of Candida spp. In the first study, the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the -terpineol and cinnamaldehyde were evaluated, using the serial microdilution technique against standard strains of C. albicans (ATCC 90028), C. glabrata (2001) and C. krusei (ATCC 34135), in addition to clinical isolates of C. albicans. The MIC for α-terpenol was found to range from 312.5 μg / ml to 40 μg / ml and cinnamaldehyde from 78 μg / ml to 20 μg / ml, both depending on the strain tested. In a second study, the effect of 0.4% cinnamaldehyde and 3% red propolis on unisex and multispecies biofilms developed on titanium surfaces was evaluated. The metabolic activity (MTT), cell viability (CFU / mL) and surface roughness (optical profilometry). In the first two trials the data were analyzed by ANOVA complemented by Tukey (α = 5%), after the profilometry analyzed descriptively. 0.12% chlorhexidine and 0.9% saline solution were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. Red propolis reduced the number of viable cells by 72% compared to the positive control group in the unicorn biofilm (p <0.05). In relation to metabolic activity, the red propolis group reduced 81% and 74% (p <0.05), the uniespecies and multispecies biofilms, respectively. Therefore, it is concluded that cinnamaldehyde, α-terpineol and red propolis present an inhibitory effect against Candida spp strains, although cinnamaldehyde has not demonstrated satisfactory activity in biofilms developed on titanium surfaces. Differing from the red propolis, which proved to be an alternative for the treatment of peri-implantitis.

This dissertation it is a retrospective descriptive study, with a quantitative approach, by analyzing medical records and database Hospital Napoleon Laureano, reference in the treatment of cancer in Paraíba. The population consists of all cases of children from 0 to 18 years, with a diagnosis of cancer. This study aims to assess the time between diagnosis and early treatment of children with cancer in the state in Paraíba, from June / 2013 to June / 2017, as well as the fulfillment of Law No. 12,732 for cancer pediatric patients. As the time interval between diagnosis and early treatment, we decided to separate patients into two groups: hematological malignancies (leukemias and lymphomas) and solid tumors (other) corresponding to children 104 and 112, respectively. Children with hematological tumors had an average of 6.1 days (± 9.5) with a median of 2 days (Percentiles 0-07) with a minimum value of 0 days and maximum of 37 days. The children with solid tumors had an average of 18.6 days (16.6 ±) between diagnosis and start of treatment, median 14 days (Percents 07-26) with a minimum value of 0 days and 77 days. We observed in our study that 98% of the children started their treatment before 60 days. Based on these results and the peculiar characteristics of childhood and adolescence cancer, it is suggested to reduce the maximum time of beginning of the treatment recommended by Law 12,732 for this group of patients.

Introduction: population aging is a global phenomenon that, recently, has been gaining greater importance in developing countries. The increase in this population has caused effects already perceived in the social demands in the areas of health and welfare. Health professionals should understand the welcoming of elderly people as a matter of the aging process, aiming to facilitate the access to the various care levels in health services. Objectives: To identify factors associated with the humanized welcoming for the elderly person in an outpatient unit, from the literature in the area and draw a flowchart of humanized welcoming in care for the elderly person to the Outpatient sector of the Lauro Wanderley University Hospital/ Brazilian Company of Hospital Services. Method: This is a methodological study developed in two stages: the first was an integrative review of the literature on the humanized welcoming in care for the elderly person in outpatient unit and the second was the elaboration of a flowchart of humanized welcoming in care for the elderly person to the Outpatient Sector. The thematic categories identified in the integrative review resulted in the development of the flowchart of the elderly person to the Outpatient sector of the aforementioned institution, emphasizing the humanized welcoming for the elderly person. Results: Some factors are associated with the humanized welcoming for the elderly person, which constitute the thematic categories identified in the study: dialog, listening, trust, bonds, risk classification, orientation, referral, resolubility and improvement of services. The thematic categories served as the basis for the elaboration of the flowchart Humanized Care in care for the elderly person to the Outpatient Sector, emphasizing the humanized welcoming for the elderly person. Final Considerations: the factors associated with the humanized welcoming for the elderly person identified in the study allowed preparing the flowchart Humanized Care in care for the elderly person in the Outpatient Sector, and professionals from the hospital, professors and students during the process of teaching and learning in the clinic should use it, contributing to the qualified nursing assistance and to future nursing researches.

This dissertation aims to investigate the effect of real estate and credit markets on the Real Business Cycle. Specifically, we test the inclusion of housing rent for the analysis of some economic policies, for example, a change in the amount of loans granted in relation to collateral, given by Loan-to-value (LTV) parameter. In order to respond to this goal, Dynamic and Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) models with characteristics of the US economy are used. As a result, it can be seen that the addition of rents highlights the effects of some shocks on economic variables, such as consumption and aggregate product. This fact is due to the introduction of the possibility of deciding between the purchase or rental of real estate and its consequences for economy. Another important finding was that the bankers’ willingness tolend becomes the second most relevant factor for the performance of the economy in the short and medium term, second only to Total Factor Productivity.

Beet is one of the most nutrient rich vegetables (bioactive compounds, folic acid and potassium). There are few studies of this culture under conditions of irrigation with saline waters. Irrigation in agriculture is a viable alternative due to water scarcity and natural resources. The plants do not tolerate high levels of salts, however, salt stress attenuators presents a strategy to allow the use of saline waters in the semi-arid region. In regions with low rainfall rates, saline stress promotes physiological changes in plants, affecting crop productivity. The objective of this work was to evaluate the development, production, gas exchanges, post-harvest of beta vulgaris L. irrigated with salt water and silicon. The research was conducted in a randomized block design, in a 5 x 5 factorial, referring to five levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water (CEa): (0.5, 1.3, 3.25, 5.2 and 6, 0 dS m-1), and five doses of silicon (0.00, 2.64, 9.08, 15.52 and 18.16 mL L-1), combined according to the Experimental Central Composite Box matrix, with four replicates and three plants per plot. Growth, gas exchange, chlorophyll, fluorescence, production and post-harvest analyzes were performed. The data were submitted to analysis of variance, regression and the repeated evaluations in time by mixed model. Leaf silicon application did not influence beet cultivation, nor did it attenuate the salinity, but the plants that received application showed higher photosynthetic pigment contents. Increasing ECa of irrigation water reduced beet growth and yield, but chlorophyll, biomass and fluorescence indices were not influenced by salinity. The CEa of irrigation water above 0.50 dS m-1 is sufficient to adversely affect the beet crop and the dose of 9.08 ml L-1 of silicon is the most recommended for application. Irrigation with water of 6.0 dS m-1 promotes better tuber beet quality. Pre-harvest fertilizations with silicon, applied via soil or foliar, improved the post-harvest quality of the beet. Irrigation with salt water inhibited the gas exchange of beet plants.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the value relevance of the quality of analysts' forecasts and accounting information in the different information environments of emerging countries, supported by a theoretical framework on information relevance and the signaling of information in the capital market. The data were collected from non-financial companies in the Thomson Reuters Eikon database, which sampled 7,024 companies during the period 2000 to 2016, totaling 35,937 observations for the entire period. The data were analyzed using the linear regression technique, using OLS grouped estimate at country, year and sector level. Firstly, we sought to identify the quality of the analysts' forecasts - QPA and the information environment of the AIP countries, both formed through an index, using the technique of Principal Component Analysis - ACP. Subsequently, it was verified the value relevance of the quality of the analysts' forecasts, as well as their interaction with the accounting information and with the information environment of the countries to explain the stock price, using the model proposed by Collins, Maydew and Weiss (1997). The results suggest that the QPA index is relevant in emerging markets, adding informational content to explain the stock price in these markets. In addition, the study also obtained evidence that, when associated with the quality of analysts' forecasts, accounting information is relevant in these markets. At this point, a greater relevance of equity in relation to earnings per share is highlighted, but it was not possible to find a significant relation between the AIP index and the quality of the analysts' forecasts, not confirming the hypothesis 3 of research, related to the quality of analysts' forecasts is positively related to the information environment in emerging markets, although the study finds support for the positive influence of the information environment of countries on the accuracy of analysts' forecasts in those markets. Also, one can confirm the relevance of the QPA index when associated to the information environment of the emerging countries to explain the variations in the stock price of the analyzed companies. The main contribution of this study is the evidence that the quality of analysts' profit forecasts is value relevant in emerging markets, especially when considered aspects of the informational environment of countries and when associated with accounting information. In this way, it is understood that analysts' forecasts signal information in emerging markets, helping investors to make investment decisions and contributing to the efficiency of these markets.

Based on the literature on political-budget cycles, the present research aims to verify the influence of the electoral year, the electoral mandate and the change of public manager on the changes in the composition of the public expenses of the Brazilian municipalities. To achieve this objective, the dependent variable consisted of an index (IMCGP) that reflects changes in the composition of public expenditures, which is compounded by the combination of changes in public expenditures classified according to four natures of expenditure: personnel and social charges, others current expenses, investments and financial inversions. The sample was composed of 4,069 Brazilian municipalities from 2005 to 2016, comprising three electoral cycles. We used the regression technique with panel data, since the sample is composed of sectional and temporal data. Evidence has shown that the election year exerts a negative influence on IMCGP. On the other hand, the electoral mandate and the change of mayors influence positively on the IMCGP of the municipalities. In this sense, the research concludes that the first electoral mandate and the alternation of mayors of the municipalities consist of political factors that impel the realization of greater changes in the composition of the expenses on the part of the governors. Regarding the years in office, it was observed that the greatest changes in the composition of expenditures did not occur in the electoral year, but in the first year of the electoral mandate, driven mainly by the changes of mayors typical of the first year of the mandate.

Beyond the differences in management and determinants of investment funds, which affects its results in various forms, performance can also be affected on the basis of its clients, that is to say, if funds will be offered to retail or institutional investors. However, further to the investors definitions brought by the CVM on the 554 ruling, whom defines investors as professional, qualified, and retail investors, there are also investors which are represented by public entities and when it involves the public sector acting as investor, there is no clear regulation yet. In this instance, the research aimed on analyzing the performance and the features of the investment funds of the public sector in Brazil and compare them with the funds which are offered to other types of investors. The period selected for the study was from October 2015 to October 2018. The category of fixed income funds analyzed were: Fixed Income Short Sovereign, Fixed Income Free Duration Sovereign and Fixed Income Short Duration Investment Grade. Once collected the funds information, the sample was reorganized in three subsamples: public sector funds, institutional funds and retail funds. This reorganization matches the clients with which the funds are destined. In order to reach the work goal, the performance of three different groups of investors were analyzed through Jensen alpha, with two regressions for each sample fund, taking the net and gross return into account, in order to verify cost effect on performance. Thereafter, the Jensen alphas were utilized as dependent variants to analyze the relation between performance and management fees, net flow, shareholders quantity and size for each type of investor. The performance analysis, through the return verification and alfas analysis revealed that there is a difference on the performance between three different types of funds. Additionally, it was shown that the public-sector funds presented worse results when compared to other types of investors. In the analysis between the performance and the funds features it was observed that the management fee variant was negative and statistically meaningful in all types of funds, with public sector funds presenting the most significant values, by believing that these investors likewise the retail investors do not have a high control of the investment selection criteria. In relation to the net flow, the variant was only significant for the retail investment funds. In the size variant analysis, the net equity was meaningful and positive for the institutional funds and negative for the public sector funds suggesting that on this case the size impacts negatively the performance of this funds, on account of larger equity generating net issues.

Measurement of assets at fair value divides evidences related to their impact on quality of accounting information, although they converge with respect to necessary weights for their use: existence of active market, costly information and effect of their recognition in earnings. In this sense, when it comes to non-financial assets, such as Investment Properties (IPs), for which there is no active market, resulting in more subjective estimation, the need for greater attention and debate is reinforced on whether adoption of fair value, in this context, may occur indistinctly or if more caution is required in its adoption. Previous research studies isolated aspects and fails to define which measurement model, historical cost or fair value, results in higher quality information, or which attributes are sacrificed in function of others. In this sense, this work aimed to analyze how the accounting choice regarding the measurement of IPs affects the quality of information, investigating, implicitly, if there was sacrifice of some attribute (s) in function of other (s). Therefore, considering the Brazilian companies that had assets recognized as IPs, between 2010 and 2017, a set of accounting and market attributes was analyzed, consisting of Discretionary Accruals, Conservatism, Opportunity, Relevance, Reliability, Persistence, Predictability and Volatility, using the models proposed by Paulo (2007), Basu (1997), Ball e Shivakumar (2005), Felthan e Ohlson (1995), Kormedi e Lipe (1987) e Francis et al. (2004), respectvely. In general, Reliability and Volatility were observed as the two main links in which the quality information related to the choice of the IPs measurement model is sustained, so that the low reliability of the fair value attributed to the market unavailability the asset itself, to the use of more subjective values obtained through internal valuer, impairs their relevance to investors who discount stock price and causing a gap between earnings and returns. Volatility, on the other hand, impairs the predictability/persistence of earnings, while it may undermine the faithful representation. The relationship between volatility and reliability is justified by the existence of measurement errors and managerial biases, present in the fair value measurements at level 3, which inhibit their predictive capacity, so that the existence of active markets, enabling measurements of fair value at level 1, would be a probable element for improvement predictive capacity, through reliable numbers. Thus, the thesis is defended that Brazilian companies that have assets recognized as PPIs at fair value have lower quality accounting numbers.

Environmental education (EE) is shown as a dimension of the educational process that aims to build new patterns of behavior, guided by knowledge, solidarity and responsibility towards the maintenance of life on Earth. The justification for this research came from the interrogation of the existence and execution of projects or educational activities related to environmental issues and practices are continuous or sporadic public schools in João Pessoa. This research work was to analyze the existence of EE activities in two public schools, by investigating the actions of teachers through their teaching. The research was conducted with a total of 2 administrators, 13 teachers and 48 students from two classes of 6th grade of elementary school, one class from each school. The methodology we used qualitative research, observation and simple diagnostics to investigate the conceptions of teachers and students related to EE and environment. The first results showed that in state school “EEEFM Alice Carneiro” there is a neglect in structure and poor use of physical space, as in the county school “EMEF Lions Tambaú” there was a better use of space. Also identified himself, at both schools, lack of knowledge and interest by the faculty, as well as a lack of environmental issues by the student body. From these results applied to participatory research among students, with the help of teachers, with implementation of educational workshops and lectures, 10 workshops were held between the months of March to November 2012, with weekly meetings. The results showed that, with the completion of activities, one can observe changes in conceptions and attitudes toward the environment and EE, building a reflection on everyday behavior in the community where students are placed as well as at school. Finally it was found that the existing policies of EE not actually materialize, or are not accessible to managers and teachers, because schools were not identified in the study object of this research.

In this thesis, we review the Landau levels, the coherent and displaced states for the harmonic oscillator, and Berry phase. We obtain the eigenstates for analogous Landau levels of neutral particles through the formalism of operators that become easier the construction of coherent states and displaced the mentioned systems. The analogous Landau levels shown here are the called i) Landau-Aharonov-Casher, neutral particle with permanent magnetic dipole, ii) Landau-He-McKellar-Wilkens, neutral particle with permanent electric dipole and iii) Landau-Wei-Han-Wei, neutral particle wiht induced electric dipole. For such systems was constructed coherent states and it was also made a comparison of such states with the standard states of the systems. And the differences between the coherent states of the analogous Landau levels was discussed. Displaced states for the three analogous systems was also obtained, which yield comparisons and discussions relative the standard displace state. Analyses were also made about the properties of the displaced state of the analogous levels and both their coherent and number states. Finally are calculated Berry phases of the displaced states of the study systems using as control parameters, external fields and others specifications of the systems. No abelian and abelian Berry phases are obtained and discussed too.

The cancer is a disease with a considerable impact on humanity. It is estimated that by 2018 it may have affected approximately 18.1 million people worldwide. In general, existing antitumor treatments presents high toxicity and reduce patient's quality of life, making it indispensable to search for new antitumor compounds. In this research, a promising medicinal chemistry strategy is molecular hybridization, which brings together two pharmacological entities and can bring great benefits to their bioactivity and toxicity. Combined with this strategy, computational chemistry tools, such as molecular docking, if well used, can optimize this process. In molecular docking, the affinity of a linker in a macromolecule is calculated, predicting its docking tendency in this target. The present study aimed the in silico evaluation of a library of hybrids and their intermediates with structures based on isatin and lapachol, as well as to synthesize the most promising compounds. The protein NADPH quinone oxidurredutase (NQO1) was chosen as the target protein because it is highly expressed in tumor cells. The AutoDock4 program was used in virtual screening by molecular docking. System validation was done by redocking the native ligand, and the RMSD was equal to 0.51. In general, all the dimers tested had an excellent antitumor potential against NQO1, with binding energies (EL) between -10 and -9 kcal/mol, same range as dicumarol (36), being 31a-31c and 35a-35c more promising, with EL in the range of -11 kcal/mol, just like the native E6A ligand (28). For the production of dimers, lapachol was extracted by Soxhlet and acid-base extraction. Intermediates were synthesized according to literature protocols, but the use of microwaves was also tested. Lapachol was obtained pure with a better yield in Soxhlet extraction (0.76%) than the acid-base one (0.14%). The synthesis of lapachol dimers 31a-31c, 35a-35c and 33a-33c did not lead to the final products, only to intermediates 29 (67.2% yield), 30a (quantitative yield), and 32a-32c (11.69 %, 27.23% and 31.6% yield). In contrast, the isatin dimers 23a-23c and 26a-26c were synthesized in yields of 41, 29 and 20% for 23a-23c and 29.5%, 26% and 17%, respectively, for 26a-26c. Intermediates 22a-22c were produced in 50% yield. The perspective is that these isatin homo and heterodimers 23a-23c and 26a-26c as well as the potentially active intermediates 32a-32c and 29 have their syntheses optimized and sent for in vitro tests of antitumor activity in order to confirm their potential and to relate the data obtained in silico and in vitro.

Calotropis procera (Ait.) W.T. Aiton is a perennial and xerophilous species with crop potential for forage production in the Brazilian semi-arid region. Due to its economic importance, the aim was to evaluate phenology and genetic diversity among C. procera accessions through agronomic and bromatological characteristics. Seeds of 70 accessions of C. procera were collected between october of 2015 and january of 2016, in areas of natural occurrence of the species in the Northeast region of Brazil. Currently these accessions make up the germplasm collection of the National Institute of the Semi-arid (INSA). The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in the INSA, in Campina Grande - PB, between january and september 2016. The plants were cultivated in plastic pots with capacity of 10 liters, filled with soil, where the fertilization was done according to soil analysis and recommendation, and were irrigated every 3 days. In the phenology study, the morphophysiological characteristics were evaluated every 30 days, beginning at 30 days after sowing (DAS) and ending at 240 DAS. Physiological indexes were estimated up to 120 DAS and leaf fall, flowering and fruiting were evaluated. Obtained the mean of each characteristic with the adjustment and selection of regression models to explain the growth of C. procera based on the coefficient of determination. The vegetative stage of C. procera occurs during the 240 DAS, with fall and production leaf continuously, while the reproductive stage begins at 153 DAS, pursuing until 222 DAS, depending on the accession, making constant issuing of inflorescences on plants after the beginning of flowering.In the study of genetic diversity by agronomic characters, the experimental design was a randomized block with three replicates and data from 23 traits were used, and there was a significant difference (p <0.01) for the F test in all characters, where the genetic parameters estimates proved the genetic effect on the characters expression, with high heritability (h2) estimates of high magnitude. In addition, the analysis of Canonic Variables and grouping by the Tocher and UPGMA methods (Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean) was performed. Phytomass characteristics are the main contributors to genetic divergence in C. procera genotypes. In the research of genetic divergence based on the bromatological composition, the plants were collected at 120 DAS, and the following production characteristics xii were obtained: stem fresh mass, leaf fresh mass, total fresh mass, stem dry mass , leaf dry mass and total dry mass. In addition, dry matter, mineral matter, organic matter, crude protein, ethereal extract, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, total carbohydrates and non-fibrous carbohydrates were determined. The principal components analysis was obtained by grouping by the Tocher method and UPGMA based on these characters. All the production characteristics and the bromatological composition, with the exception of acid detergent fiber, contribute to the genetic divergence of C. procera accessions. There is genetic variability among the 70 accessions of C. procera based on agronomic and bromatological characters. Accessions 1, 12, 20, 39, 48, 50, 57, 67 and 70 are promising in the breeding program of C. procera, with agronomic and forage potential, and can be used as parents in hybridization programs and indicated to compose future studies.

The aim of the present study was to offer a phenotypic and genetic characterization of herds of the Morada Nova breed of sheep in four states in northeastern Brazil through zoometric measures and an analysis of 23 microsatellite markers. Collections were performed among 33 herds in semi-arid regions of the states of Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba and Pernambuco. Twenty adult sheep were analyzed on each property. Fourteen zoometric measures were performed for the characterization of the morphostructural pattern of the herds. Moreover, fleece samples were collected for the genetic analysis of 470 animals: 198 from the state of Ceará (14 populations), 118 from Paraíba (7 populations), 45 from Pernambuco (3 populations) and 109 from Rio Grande do Norte (8 populations). The results of the zoometric study demonstrate the formation of subgroups of the Morada Nova breed in northeastern Brazil and the genetic study suggests sub-structuring of the populations, with genetic variability both between and within populations. Genetic variability was greater between populations. The RNG herd located in the state of Rio Grande do Norte is genetically distant from the other populations of Morada Nova sheep, making it the reference herd for the conservation of the breed as well as for future studies on genetic diversity. The varieties of Morada Nova with reddish fleece are genetically distant from those with white fleece. Further studies are needed for a more detailed evaluation.

The present study is a master's thesis based on a bibliographical reference in which the following works were used as main sources: Against academics, De libero arbitrio and De trinitate de Santo Agostinho. Its main purpose is to analyze the role of reason in the knowledge of the sensitive (science). What is intended is to understand how the process of rational knowledge occurs in relation to what Augustine called science, knowledge of the sensible world. At the outset, a problem is presented that refers to the question of the possibility of knowing the truth, present in the Contra academicos. Refuting skepticism, Augustine begins his philosophical reflection with the affirmation of the existential self or self-consciousness as the first apodic truth. Taking as its guiding principle this presupposition, in the book II of the Contra academicos, Augustine writes about the three realities perceived directly by man: Being, life and reason. And the channels that enable knowledge are the outer senses, the inner sense and the reason. For Augustine, the highest thing in the human nature of the soul is reason. Considering these concepts, it also penetrates other themes such as: sensation and memory. In addition, in the books XII of De trinitate, Augustine, after exposing how human knowledge is given, presents human reason divided into two levels: inferior reason (science) and superior reason (wisdom); science is conceived as the knowledge of human things, wisdom, knowledge of divine things. Science as knowledge of the sensible world, as Augustine presents, reveals his concern not to dispense with the material world in his philosophical reflections. This epistemological deepening brings a balance to Augustine's theory of knowledge, still today identified with the theory of enlightenment. It is the importance of deepening this theme, bringing to light, aspects not yet sufficiently addressed in the epistemology of St. Augustine.

The research in progress has as its structural focus the political man formation study from Platonic perspective of areté (moral excellence) and Greek paideia (education). First Alcibiades dialogue was chosen as the research object because we believe that speaking of political areté in Plato’s First Alcibiades consists exactly in reflecting on Athenian political education philosophical foundations, as well as several knowledge forms, which somehow constitute the existence of the polis, of its social structures, and of political man formation. By fair means of foul, to consider a philosophy of education from Platonic ontology means to seek the principles of a paideia project which support is the disposition of psyché (soul) elements and episteme (science) to teach the art of governing and to be governed by perfecting the soul and the search for knowledge of oneself, because, for Plato, if every citizen is educated to do what is up to him, that is, to do what he possesses knowledge about, putting all his excellences into function of the polis’ greater good and happiness, as a result, there will be harmony between them (political men) and in the city-state. Thus, justice itself will reign. For Plato, this is a principle which must guide the action of men who seek city-state government. According to this perspective, the research moves towards the notion that self-knowledge (gnōthi seauton), techné (art) and episteme (science) are the components of paideia’s soul project that is found in Alcibiades I – which somehow corresponds to the philosophical treatment that Socrates aspires to the city-state and to Alcibiades. In order to realize this project, Socrates will indicate to the incomplete 20 years old ephebe and to Athens the Delphos oracle recommendation - gnōthi seauton (know yourself): before the attempt of love demonstration (Eros) by the city soul and by Alcibiades, Socrates, in a dialectical way (dialectic arises represented by the use of elenchus as a pedagogical resource), strives to indicate alétheia (truth) path to Alcibiades - in this regard, Socrates, as an educator, wishes to point out to Alcibiades the fluxes path (change), the path of what “is” - of what is the soul. Trying to educate the city-state’s soul and Alcibiades’ for virtue, Socrates understands that one cannot teach what is in permanent flux. The wise and educator is the one who recognizes true and false images. The true master, along with the pupil, as far as possible, will always be looking toward the beautiful and unchanging. Through the soul, the master leads the pupil to perceive the relationship between things that “are” and immutable things - Alcibiades will have access to immutable forms if he learns to use the third eye, the eye of the soul (phsyché), since it is in the soul’s gaze that all the fullness of Socratic footprint resides.

The documentaries Elena (2013), by the Brasilian movie-maker Petra Costa, and Olmo and the Seagull (2015), also carried for Costa, but directed in colaboration with the Danish director Lea Glob, represent the corpus of this research. Thus, these two movies are from a feminine authorship. Furthermore, in both movies women play the leading role and the narratives are centred on family core, from intertextuality among documental and fictional characters as an aesthetic resource, and establishing dialogues, mostly with feminine archetypes. In this thesis, we have noted, through a comparative review of those works, how these documentaries allow an exchange of personal experiences, how they perform aesthetically the daily life represented in themselves and present a sensible reading of their character, without losing the point the importance of the social issues that constitute both movies, and are considered taboos due to the silence which evolve them. Elena thematizes the suicide committed by the homonym character, Petra Costa’s own sister; and, in Olmo and the Seagull are portrayed the questionings of the protagonist, the actress Olivia Corsini, in her first pregnancy, about maternity and how this choice can change her career, freedom and routine. Both filmic productions are structured through a homodiegetic narration, focusing on the interiority of the characters, raising reflections about the specific characteristics of the documentary in first person and the selfrepresentation, either of the movie makers or the characters, and mobilizing the concepts of self-reflexivity, autobiography, autofiction e alterfiction. The works also enable us to make connections with two personal documentaries, the short films Undetow Eyes (2009) e Meeting my father Kasper Tophat (2011), directed respectively by Petra Costa and Lea Glob, that also focus on family relationships, laying observations concerning constant elements that represent stylistic traces.

This thesis investigates the dramatization of the tragic in Bodas de Sangre, Yerma and La Casa de Bernarda Alba by Federico García Lorca, Spanish plays written in the first half of the twentieth century. In the first chapter, we analyze the historical-literary context related to the pieces, highlighting the conservative and patriarchal scenario of the Second Spanish Republic common to the trilogy. We also investigate the poetic theater produced by Federico, as well as the participation of the playwright in the group of the Generación del 27. In this chapter, we also reflect on the mythical and religious behavior of the rural culture of Andalusia, highlighting the atavistic sacredness and rustic Christianity of that population, in the light of the belated modernity of this culture. For this analysis, we consider definitions and reflections of several authors, such as Josephs and Juan Caballero (2012), Ian Gibson (2013), Ildefonso-Manuel Gil (2012), Mario González (2013), Maria Francisca Vilches de Frutos (2014), Ortega y Gasset (1944) and Castro Filho (2009). In the second chapter, we present an approach to drama theory from the basic foundations guiding dramatic art throughout the centuries. At first, we considered tragedy as an art form that seeks to frame the tragic in rationalist schemes and we approach the tragic as a philosophical and existential concept, linked to the finitude of life. In a second moment, we explore the pillars of modern drama, having as theoretical parameters concepts that can base critical reflections on the existence of tragedy in modern times, considering similarities and differences between classical and modern dramaturgy. For these discussions, we have contributions from Aristotle (1991b), Hegel (2010), Peter Szondi (2004, 2011), George Steiner (2006), Raymond Williams (2011), Terry Eagleton (2013), Sandra Luna (2012), among other authors. In the third chapter, we perform an analysis of the plays based on the theories examined in the previous chapters. In this perspective, we try to prove that the pieces in this trilogy are modern tragedies, for their emphasis on social dramas and the treatment of the subjectivities of the characters, who reveal interior dramas in opposition to the Andalusian social context of the 1930s. In addition to the parameters characteristic of modern drama, the pieces present conflicts which derive fatalistic traits from the use of taboos, religious dogmas, and rules of social conduct that interfere directly with the characters' individual conflicts. Added to this, it is worth mentioning the presence of a sacred and ritualistic dimension implied in the trilogy, which goes beyond the contextual realism of the plays and transcends the limits of reason, directly influencing the behavior and actions of the characters.

Let r(S) be the maximum number of pairwise disjunct lines that a non-singular surface S ⊂ P3 contains and rd = max {r(S) | deegre(S) = d}. Ensure that r(S) = 6 for all non-singular cubic surface S, therefore r3 = 6. For d = 4, r4 = 16, it was showed by the Russian mathematician Viacheslav Nikulin in [9]. We quote that Rojas-Santos in [7], obtained that r(F) = 16 if F is the Schur’s quartic. At the moment rd is unknown for d ≥ 5. In this work we aim to present bounds for the maximum number of two-by-two disjunct straight lines in the family S whose members are the deegre d non-singular surfaces Sd ⊂ P3 definided by φ(x0,x1)−φ(x2,x3) being φ(u,v) = uv(ud−2−vd−2) and d ≥ 5. In fact, for d odd we show that r(Sd) = d(d−2) + 4, however Boiss´ere-Sarti proved that r(Sd) ≥ d(d−2) + 4 when d is odd and d ≥ 7 in [3]. For the even case, we obtain d(d−2) + 4 ≤ r(Sd) ≤ d(d−2) + d2 2 if d 6= 6 and r(S6) = 48. Considering the bound rd ≤ d(d−2) for all d ≥ 4 given by the Japanese mathematician Miyaoka in [8], we conclude as soon as r6 = 48.

This work problematiza the conflicts of memories around the call Revolution of 1930 in the Paraíba. One is about a thematic one for excessively argued in tltie Brazilian historiografia, however, our objective is to treat it by means of a new boarding. We do not have in mind to make vindication to the fact, as it made (and still it makes) the official Iristoriografia. Also one does not consist as purpose of the present work to argue the nature of the Revolution of 1930 and the State that politics emerges of that conjuncture, a time already worked by the marxist historiografia. Much even so at some moments we dialogue with definitive source of the marxism, as Gramsci and Hobsbawm, our research treads the ways of the memory, of the invented traditions, the symbolic one. It is of our interest to argue the construction of the mitificada memory of João Person, the conflituoso process of this description-cultural construction and the express symbolic power in the institutionalization of this memory. Who it interested the construction of this symbology? This is the north of our work. We search arrives in port theoretical, beyond the cited referentes already previously, in New History and French sociology (Daughter-in-law, Le Goff, Pollak, Certeau) beyond the Brazilian historiografia, over all, in Jose Murilo de Carvalho. In elapsing of the chapters, we discourse on the diverse ones memory places on João Person, since the names of public areas, monuments, flag and hymn, until the materialization of History in books and the socialization of this memory organized for some institutions in the commemorations of the holiday of the 26 of July.