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Le galet”, escrito entre 1928 e 1941, é o texto que fecha o volume Le parti pris des choses (1942) de Francis Ponge. Apresentamos aqui a retradução desse texto que já foi traduzido por Carlos Loria (O seixo. Salvador: Audience of One, 1994) e integrou a coletânea O Partido das Coisas (São Paulo: Iluminuras, 2000), também com o título “O seixo”, em tradução de Ignácio Neis e Michel Peterson. Esta retradução faz parte do volume em preparação de Partido das Coisas, a sair pela Editora Iluminuras, em 2019.

French Sign Language has a far smaller specialised lexicon than French, which poses regular problems to interpreters working between the two. Four management control sessions attended by a deaf student and interpreted for him by four professional interpreters were recorded, and the interpreters’ tactics when encountering the problems of missing signs in French Sign Language (‘lexical gaps’) were identified, counted and analyzed. Lexical gaps were found to be numerous in the corpus. The tactics often used elements of French spoken language, in contradiction with a strong sociolinguistic norm in the French deaf community. This can be explained by the interpreters’ wish to cater to the needs of the deaf student, who needed to know the French terms when taking exams, and is in line with skopos theory. Key words: French Sign Language, lexical gap, interpreting, tactics.

This article is the result of the narratives told by a sample of Translators and Interpreters of Libras - TILS - in cities of Rio Grande do Sul. From the analysis of these lines, it was intended to expose the fragility that this professional is; on the one hand, its client, who demands fluency, linguistic control and certification; on the other hand, the impasses of some institutions that do not understand the social role of this professional. Through the experiences gathered from interviews conducted, categories of analysis were enumerated, which facilitated the organization and analysis of the data. It was noticed that, although there are researches in the area of translation / interpretation of Libras, there is still a shortage of studies about the professional that performs it. It is suggested, therefore, that there be debate and constant research that evaluates the conditions of work in which the profession is subjugated, in addition to the current legislation, guaranteeing the dignity of the subject in this context.

This article aims to observe and discuss the importance of the interpreter of Libras ”“ Brazilian Sign Language ”“, with the goal of understanding the linguistic-discursive strategies that the educational interpreter (IE) of higher education uses in classrooms to mediate learning for deaf students. It is based on the socio-historical-cultural theory of Vygotsky ([1934] 2008, 2007), more specifically on the concepts of mediation and zone of proximal development. In perspective and the dialogic understanding of language, we rely on de Bakhtin ([1929] 2009). Concerning to methodological terms, we made our choice for a qualitative research. The article presents an introduction, in which the importance of the interpreter of Libras is justified; next it is organized in three parts: theoretical basis, which deals with the process of sense construction; methodology, which deals with the question of the construction of a set of practices which were used during the research; and main results of the data analysis, according to Santiago’s (2012) translation procedures. The results of this research point out that the interpreter of Libras, in the educational context, uses the Brazilian Sign Language in order to achieve linguistic-discursive strategies for the construction of meanings during the interpretive act in the classroom, which favors learning for deaf students.

The purpose of this article is to offer a reading of Malcolm Lowry’s Under the Volcano focused on the importance of modern history and the presence of the British Empire in the narration of the last day of Geoffrey Firmin. Following Edward Said’s notion of a “contrapuntal reading” of canonical texts, my view is that being an Anglo-Indian, the (British) Consul lacks a sense of belonging in regard to a British identity. He lives, therefore, both in a interstitial and a liminar situation which anticipates the breaking up between a sense of national identity and a sense of imperial identity, which constitutes, in fact, one of the main subjects in contemporary theoretical studies about identity (especially in Postcolonial Studies). From this point of view, the current interpretation breaks with a very common reading of the novel in which Mexico is just seen as an “infernal paradise”, an image which has perpetuated a degrading stereotype of the country, even in some serious critical studies about the author.

Informed by Descriptive Translation Studies, this article raises some central questions concerning children’s literature and its rewriting. Based on Andre Lefevere’s notion of rewriting and on the understanding that ideological and poetological aspects restrict the publication of literary works, the teleological nature of children’s literature is discussed, as well as the cultural, ideological and market demands that may interfere in the development of children’s literature or literature in general. For translation phenomena to be comprehended in a specific target culture, it is necessary to analyse not just literary aspects, but also the particular constraints of that culture, observing especially the propositions or conceptions of literature and of society held by those engaged in the preparation and promotion of such rewritings. Additionally, different ideological and poetological perspectives can be seen not only in the diachrony that separates older rewritings from contemporary ones, but also in the rewritings published in the same historical period, which may present different proposals that are materialised through different translation strategies in the rewriting itself, in the way of rereading the Other. These theoretical considerations are illustrated with concrete examples of translation projects in distinct literary systems, namely the United States, Poland and Brazil. By discussing the implications of a “literature for” and the permeable borders between the terms usually used in the rewriting of children’s literature (translation, adaptation, retelling), this work seeks to address the complexity of children’s literature with its own definitions and forms of presentation, rather than a perspective that would place children’s literature in a position of inferiority or apart from literature. 

The relationship between Portuguese and Spanish is at once a factor that facilitates and hinders interlingual translation. Unlike the translation between languages ”‹”‹that are very different from one another, the linguistic transfer between languages ”‹”‹with parenthetical relationship occurs through more recurrent use of direct translation modalities. However, the same proximity that makes the Spanish seem more accessible to the Portuguese-speaking people and Portuguese to the Spanish-speaking people than other languages ”‹”‹imposes traps even to the professional translator, especially if there is no aprioristic decision regarding the approach taken. In order to explore the challenges of literary translation between source languages ”‹”‹and target languages ”‹”‹in principle closely related, this paper proposes a translation, into Spanish, of the poem O cágado, written by the Brazilian João Guimarães Rosa and inserted in the collection Magma, of posthumous publication. Far from arbitrary, the selection of Magma as an object of analysis is justified because it is a book of poems scarcely studied by the critics of this writer from Minas Gerais ”“ better known for his narrative production ”“, besides to coordinate modernist influences with the style properly Rosian and, thus, to anticipate subjects resumed in later works, such as Sagarana and Grande Sertão: Veredas.  Considering the peculiarities of the poem, as well as the Rosian writing tout court, we opted for a translation exercise whose primacy rests on the rhythmic element. This theoretical perspective is based on authors specializing in poetic translation, especially Henri Meschonic, who takes up the studies of his predecessors, such as Ezra Pound. In addition to presenting an unpublished translation, we carried out a metatextual exercise of reflection on the main challenges faced in the translation process. The practice of translation, followed by reflection about the very experience of re-creation, showed that the translation from Portuguese into Spanish, especially from a text of the poetic genre, presents syntactic, semantic and pragmatic factors that facilitate the process of translation and others that make it difficult.

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This paper presents one of the aspects arising from the analysis of the translation of heterolingual texts: the enunciative dimension of the translated text[[i]]. Following Suchet (2010), the analysis focuses on the position of the responsible for the target text or second enunciation, and their relation with the enunciative instance in the source text. The study explores the work of Patrick Chamoiseau, one of the representatives of contemporary Antillean literature. More specifically, attention is given to his novel Texaco, which was awarded the Prix Goncourt in 1992, the same year of its publication, and to its Spanish translation by Emma Calatayud, done in 1994. Together with Jean Bernabé and Raphaël Confiant, Chamoiseau is one of the promoters of the créolité movement, which seeks the vindication of the Antillean identity and imaginary. In this context, we firstly examine the representations of both writing and the writer in this growing literary field, the symbolic value of the languages used, heterolingual phenomena in the source text and the management of alterity in the translation. Secondly, we analyse the regulation of enunciative distance between both texts, which enables the identification of different modes of negotiation. In building our corpus of study, we have selected some representative fragments of the Creole Martinican imaginary such as green wisdom and magic-religious beliefs. Our goal is twofold: (1) to identify the type/s of ethos materialized in the translated text; (2) to test an analytical tool which, springing from the practice of translation, contributes to the redefinition of translation as a space of transformation opening to the Other in multiple directions.     [i] This paper is part of the research project “La construcción del ethos y el tratamiento de los culturemas en situación de contacto de lenguas: su articulación en el campo de la Traductología y la didáctica de las lenguas-culturas extranjeras” (PI: H770, 2016-2020).

This paper introduces a survey through the work of Marie Cardinal, a francophone writer, and aims to analyze the diffusion of the translations of her books. The study begins with a brief review of the author's life and work, exhibiting their main aspects and explaining the discursive axes that compose her writing.  Afterward, a mapping of the translations of her works published worldwide is presented, considered as a quantitative overview that introduces the international analysis of the author’s state of the art. On the basis of this mapping, the translation analysis focuses on the author's best-selling and most translated book: Les mots pour le dire (1975); it also analyzes the situation of Autrement dit (1977) which, even though it is a sequence of the first and therefore directly connected to it, ended up having very different reverberation. This analysis has as object the paratexts (génette, 1987) of the English and Portuguese translations of Cardinal’s books. Reviewing the information included in peritexts and epitexts, in preliminary and macrostructural levels (lambert; van gorp, 1985), indications of the reception of those books by the lusophone and anglophone target culture were found. Through this research, it is acknowledge that Cardinal’s work constitutes a particularly malleable writing, which can be interpreted by several angles; each one of the analyzed translations point out, through the paratexts, a direction to read the text in question. One assumes that translation projects aiming to maintain that malleability, characteristic of the author’s writing, must take into account a global and balanced assessment of the aspects identified as central to her discourse. The interest on Cardinal’s writing to fields such as feminist critique, cultural studies and psychoanalysis is explicit in the original texts; finally, this historical-critical research is intended to be developed by delving into the author's contribution in such areas, as well as proposing new translation projects that address such interests.

This review addresses the book O processo da tradução para a dublagem brasileira: teoria e prática, by Dilma Machado. It is an important work for Audiovisual Translation in Brazil. Given the current market of audiovisual products, an alignment between theory and practice has become essential for the Studies of Audiovisual Translation. With a practical orientation, Machado presents Brazilian dubbing through a mix of experience and market reality.

This article presents a systematic look at the different actors, factors, and contexts involved in the field of translating children’s literature. Taking as its point of departure the somewhat provocative question “Why translate children’s literature?”, it goes on to parse the three component parts. “Why?” involves looking at the motivation and interests of the various human and non-human actors (publishing houses, organizations, translators etc), as well as the complex interplay of geopolitical, economic, and cultural factors on publishing and literary transfer. Of the verb “translate” is asked “for whom?”, to examine questions of address and its role in translation, and then “how?”, to discuss determinants, strategies, and tendencies in translating children's literature. “Children’s literature”, the object of the translation activity, will be looked closely in response to the question “what?”, to illustrate the heterogeneity of its corpus and to show that it encompasses more genres and forms than are commonly featured in studies of translated children’s literature. The overall goal of the article is to provide a basic map of this complex field.  

Mark Reibstein and Ed Young’s 2008 picture book Wabi Sabi tells the story of a Kyoto cat in search of the meaning of its name. This award-wining children’s book explores identity through the composition of various layers of meaning and complexity in form and structure, suggesting that an understanding of identity cannot be expressed easily through words alone. This paper begins by examining how the use of a range of storytelling modes including collage, photography, drawing, poetry and prose are combined, inviting the implied child reader to become involved in the intermedial qualities of the text, at the same time as they follow the cat in its journey of self-discovery. Focus then turns to the use of natural, textured materials in the artwork of the picture book, analyzed as a reflection of the concept of wabi sabi; a Zen-Taoist philosophy that draws attention to the value and beauty of impermanence and imperfection. This alternative way of thinking about identity proposes that self-knowledge is attained through an encounter with simple, rustic and natural phenomena, as opposed to the industrialized newness and perfection so often idealized in Western civilization. The third section of the paper explores how the text, with its capacity to incorporate both Western and Japanese modes of storytelling, is a form of cultural translation. Not confined to the traditional mode of translation from one language to another, or from source to target text, this picture book, in its use of haiku and Japanese calligraphy, its glossary and its explanation of wabi sabi, invites the reader to consider how translation shares ideas across and between time and cultural context.

Zohar Shavit is a full professor in the School for Cultural Studies in Tel Aviv University, Israel. In 1978 she concluded her Ph.D under the supervision of Itamar Even-Zohar, with a dissertation on modernism in Hebrew poetry of the 1920s. Departing from the fundaments of Polysystems theory, the author has been presenting, since the 1980s, innovative reflexions in the field of children’s literature (CL), many of which regarding translation and international traffic of CL. Besides her best-known work, Poetics of Children's Literature (1986), Shavit has written an important group of academic articles and book chapters in which she deals with ambivalence in CL, with the need to formulate a poetics for its study, with the role of translations in the formation of Hebrew CL, with the phenomenon of cultural interference, with the canon.

"Pink Dog" by Elizabeth Bishop is a denunciation poem about a marginalized social type hidden behind the beauty of Rio de Janeiro’s carnival in the 1960s. This article comments and justifies a domesticated translation of this poem for the city of Salvador, Bahia, in the end of 2010s. The domestication process happened through linguistic-cultural choices into the Bahia-Salvador variety of Brazilian Portuguese. Some elements have been largely preserved, such as form and tone. Regarding the tone of denunciation, playfulness and aggressiveness were kept but also aggravated by the style. The translation can be characterized as poetry slam for its most violent and popular "beat". Thus, by contextualizing the source and target texts and with the support of Robert Bly’s (1986) poetry translation methodology, this article presents strategies and decisions that were made during the recreation process (BRITTO, 2002). The domestication is justified by the constant urgency to denounce and update the abuses of violence in Bahia through poetry similarly masked by the social importance of carnival as in Rio de Janeiro.

María Teresa Andruetto owns a very rich fictional universe. Leaving Argentine's llanura, her writings eco around the world. The story “Everything that moves is hunting, is a set of thirteen short stories that are part of the book Caça. In these short stories, the author explores the lives of women, whether they are hunters, victims or traitors. This short story that is presented below in a translated version, can be received as a great metaphor. In Verena, Galia and Diana's kitchen, the ingredients that will certainly invite the reader to an unexpected reflection are being cooked.

O presente trabalho é uma contribuição para o entendimento da natureza política da saúde pública, em uma perspectiva geográfica. Os serviços de saúde são considerados uma rede de sociabilidade organizada pelo discurso, na qual são incorporadas as noções de imaginário social e de memória, bem como suas implicações para a epistemologia do lugar social. Em um contexto de profunda heterogeneidade na distribuição de equipamentos coletivos, como é o caso das cidades brasileiras, observou-se a variabilidade de articulações efetivamente realizadas, ao longo do tempo, pelos diversos atores sociais envolvidos nessa rede. Nos limites do poder local de Presidente Prudente, essas relações foram codificadas em termos do fortalecimento da assistência médica e da expansão da beneficência. Encontram-se aí as matrizes do pensamento conservador das lideranças políticas que detêm o comando da política de saúde no nível municipal. Palavras-chaves: Geografia da saúde, saúde pública, memória urbana, imaginário social

To Edwin Chadwick, C.B. My Dear Mr. Chadwick, I wrote this Address with the intention of dedicating it to you, as a simple but hearty acknowledgment by a sanitary student, himself well ripened in the work, of your pre-eminent position as the living leader of the sanitary reformation of this century. The favour the Address has received indicates notably two facts: the advance of public opinion on the subject of public health, and the remarkable value and influence of your services as the sanitary statesman by whom that opinion has been so wisely formed and directed. In this sense of my respect for you, and of my gratitude, pray accept this trifling recognition, and believe me to be, Ever faithfully yours, B.W. Richardson

Surge uma nova revista científica na Geografia, Hygeia - Revista Brasileira de Geografia Médica e da Saúde foi concebida no VI Encontro Nacional ANPEGE, em Fortaleza (CE), em outubro de 2005. Em uma sessão coordenada sobre "A Geografia da Saúde nos Programas de Pós-graduação em Geografia do Brasilâ€?, a idéia da revista foi apresentada como uma ousadia, mas imediatamente recebeu manifestações de apoio e a ousadia virou um sonho. A verdade é que esta área da Geografia vem crescendo muito rapidamente e já não era sem tempo a hora de buscar a aglutinação dos pesquisadores e alunos de pós-graduação que trabalham com esta temática em um grupo de trabalho, que deveria ser criado dentro da ANPEGE. Dava-se o pontapé inicial para a criação do Grupo que deveria se encarregar de criar a Revista. No II Simpósio Nacional de Geografia da Saúde/I Encontro Luso-brasileiro de Geografia da Saúde, no Rio de Janeiro, em novembro de 2005, um esboço da revista foi apresentado ao Grupo de Trabalho. O sonho virou realidade e a revista foi oficialmente criada.

A partir da análise sobre o processo de quantificação e especialização da ciência moderna, são estabelecidas relações entre o estudo do espaço, objeto da geografia, e a integralidade na atenção em saúde. Pretende-se trabalhar conceitos geográficos que potencializam o entendimento da realidade dos lugares, sem minimizar a complexidade intrínseca a estudos dessa natureza, fundamentais para o planejamento de ações que promovam a construção da integralidade