RCAAP Repository

Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie

Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa

Promoting the sensitization and the construction of the environmental consciousness in the History classes was the goal of this study; it was trying to go deeper into the knowledge that already exists in the relations among History, Landscape, Landscape Painting and Environment. This paper approached the knowledge about environmental history [defended by Worster] to the historical scholar knowledge, with the intention of propitiating learning opportunities for a study inserted in the everyday coastal life. This approximation was done through artistic works from the historical, social, cultural and environmental point of view. It tried to verify the understanding about the environment coming from the students of the first year in high-school, with ages between 14 to 15 years old in the city of Bertioga-SP. Passing by a process of intervention in the History classes, where the researcher was also the teacher who is guided by the principles of the art / education proposed by Ana Mae Barbosa, some reproductions of paintings from the artist Benedito Calixto were used. What interested in Benedito Calixto‟s works was the thematic linked to the paintings of landscapes (natural and marine), in special the creations of the beginning of the twentieth century. After the intervention adjusted to the teaching of research-action expressed by Thiollent, the students dedicated themselves to the development of their artistic skills when they created visual poetic forms, based on photographs, for, this way, show in an artistic way the interaction between the man ant the environment. Some of these photographs served as a disclosure to the process of environmental degradation and the decrease in quality of life, other photographs were used as a way to value the natural beauty that are still preserved. With this, it was verified through questionnaires that appeared new comprehension in what was understood about the environment. For the analysis of the investigation in a qualitative order, the method Bardin was used, that, when classified categories using unities of register, it permitted a safer interpretation and made it easier the decisions during the intervention. This way, it was possible to find out that the experiences of art / education developed with the students made it possible the enrichment of the history classes and offered conditions that helped the construction of the environmental consciousness of the students involved.

In the context of alleged economic, political and social “crises” of modern democracies; the approach to democratic legitimacy in its different biases, especially in relation to the political legitimacy of the representative electoral system, is essential. This study seeks to demonstrate how this crisis has been defined, especially in Western democratic regimes and to explore the various analyzes that have been made, both by researchers, as well as by political scientists, jurists and sociologists, on the subject, in order to better understand the “why” of these crises. The interdisciplinary character of this study is highlighted, which involves, in addition to law, sociology, history, philosophy and political science, which enabled a dialogue between the subjects and, consequently, an exchange of information and conceptual analyzes under different approaches, in order to ensure the construction of a multifaceted analysis on the topic, transcending its legal limits. At once, the irreducible character of several topics mentioned above is recognized, which invariably incurs in the absence of exhausting its debates and inability to fully understand its aspects. However, it was decided to adopt temporal, theoretical and bibliographic cuts in an attempt to contain these issues within this essay structure. It is understood that the study of democracy and political legitimacy allows and inspires the training and education of the citizens that ultimately compose the State, contributing to the formation of their political thoughts, as well as guiding those who are still building their political understandings and their own citizenship. This citizenship, in turn, in the sense of effective participation in the organization of the Brazilian Democratic Social State, would be essential for democratic effectiveness. Thus, this essay soughts to highlight its political and social relevance for the understanding of the world political scenario and, in a more detailed way, of the current Brazilian government.

Acesso online site: https://manasnaluta.wixsite.com/manasnaluta Acesso podcast Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/3fySspmivyFWbx171SftAI?si=KtoLAHnTQGum00ptIL Qk1Q

This dissertation has for object of study the Provisional Measure 168/90 which served as the political and economic instrument for a specific context, namely, the Collor administration. It will analyze, therefore, the legal limits existing at the time of the mentioned Provisional Measure, weighing the economic needs and the legal system in force, and will account for the decisions of the courts that evaluated the constitutionality and legality of the seizure of assets. The Provisional Measure 168/90, put in place to serve economic and political interests during the Collor administration, with the goal of comparing such measures with the existing legal limits in order to come to a conclusion on the illegality of these facts.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Volunteer expenses with the Environment is becoming, every time more, regular action in various companies. Involvement and propagation practices, also policies aimed for corporate sustainability, can be considered common today, counting even with standard reports that provide some descriptive elements about these practices. There is, however, a gap in the scientific literature about the relevance of such participation spending on business structure. Many companies indicate in their reports the existence of social and environmental costs, but the real impact of these actions are unclear, beyond the supposed improvement of the institutional image. This exploratory, qualitative approach, aimed to verify if the level of corporate environmental spending is associated significantly with the tax benefits that they may have. The sample consisted of 35 companies of the Índice de Sustentabilidade Empresarial (ISE) of BM&F Bovespa . The techniques that were applied are the content analysis. The results showed that the average level of environmental expenses are higher than the tax benefits obtained, indicating that these companies used a combination of donations, sponsorships and investments, suggesting the existence of other factors beyond the tax benefits limits involved.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Instituto Presbiteriano Mackenzie

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

This thesis results from research based on a systemic method, with the analysis of the trajectory and number of and teenagers in situations of refuge existing in Brazil, the current protections, as well as the legal gaps and faults of protection and insertion in the national society, as well as what can be done to adjust the discussion to the legal and political feasibility of new public policies to protect refugee minors. The development of the theme will also be guided by the qualitative and deductive method and use of exploratory methodology consistent with the National Public Policies for children and adolescents, that is, the legal, political, social and economic issues of protection, acceptance and integration of these children and adolescents, accompanied or unaccompanied, who take refuge in Brazil, as well as field research with non-governmental organizations and religious/confessional host entities. The reason for choosing such a topic is closely related to the need to protect this vulnerable category of people, since that despite the growth in the number of refugee applicants and refugees in recent years, protection for this youth group as well as literature on this subject is almost non-existent, making their needs invisible to international and national society, despite the substantial quantity of international treaties and domestic laws aimed at the protection of children and adolescents and refugees, making them the subject of three areas of law, namely international refugee law, international human rights law and law constitutional, these branches that have as one of the points in common the protection of life and human dignity, these topics put in check often in the name of national sovereignty and security.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Due to the fact that we are all subject to make subjective decisions that may undermine the financial health of an organization, the focus of this work consisted in building a decisionmaking model based on decision tree method applicable to everyday decisions of a company,with the goal not only to minimize subjectivity as well as to trace the process. The study was conducted by analyzing data from decisions taken by the department of supply Chain for a company of hidden identity, the choice of suppliers of ingredients for the most significant for this company. For both assigned and estimated the probability of occurrence of supplier change considering each ingredient according to the historical study. taking into account some factors that impact the Supply Chain area, such as: product price, distance from the supplier's production to the company`s facility, the payment terms and the product packaging, this last informed when there was an improvement in the operation. The objective was achieved once we reach a ratio of 81% correlation between the subjective decisions taken and decisions made using this tool for the cases tested. You could say that the model did not have its 100% ratio since although all factors guided the decision maker to choose the best choice but the organizational culture averse to change damaged this change. Other studies in various areas are needed to validate this technique, but for the Supply Chain area this technique has been validated, taking into account actual cases, which approximates the practical means of academia. It should be noted that the model developed has been used in practice in the area of supply chain management of the company in question.

In this work the author begins with a short historic introduction about Saint Augustine, John Calvin and Free Will in order to deal specifically with their similarities and differences concerning this subject. His goal is to contribute to a larger understanding about the human will and its limitations from the perspective of Science of Religion, thus enlarging the field of knowledge of the humanities.

The transformation of societies due to globalization presents a new challenge to organizations, as diversity has placed side by side people from different origins, races and cultures to work together in increasingly heterogeneous environments. Hence, a successful management of diversity requires that managers understand the differences among people at the workplace. Therefore, to know managers' attitudes in relation to diversity is an essential condition for a good management. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the Universal Diverse Orientation (UDO) of Brazilian managers, regarding the dimensions gender, race, age, time of experience as manager, and country s region of work, and also to validate the M-GUDS S scale in Brazil. A descriptive and quantitative research was carried out using a sample of Brazilian managers. Until now, no studies about UDO in Brazil were identified, and research in other countries were performed only with university students. The results showed acceptable levels of validity and reliability, and validated the M-GUDS S scale for Brazil. However, when comparing the survey results with the theoretical framework, a limitation was perceived, related to the sample profile. Although the literature has pointed to the possibility of a higher level of openness toward diverse by women, non Caucasian individuals, older individuals and more experienced ones, the statistical results did not go in this direction. What could be inferred was that the sample, composed by managers from a single company, was homogeneous and might have influenced the results. For this reason, we recommend that future studies use samples from different organizations. The information gathered by this study will be useful for future studies that may deepen the knowledge about UDO in Brazil.

Esta disertación está situada en la línea de investigación sobre el éthos. Tiene por objetivo general contribuir con los estudios existentes sobre Luiz Gonzaga y por objetivos específicos levantar elementos biográficos de Luiz Gonzaga presentes en el corpus de las letras haciendo análisis de algunas composiciones del músico y cantor pernambucano, registrar elementos de la identidad cultural nordestina en las composiciones. Como base teórica del análisis del discurso, utilizaremos la noción de Éthos definida como la imagen del sujeto enunciador que construye una imagen de sí en su discurso y las relaciones de esa imagen con los estereotipos construidos en lo que se refiere al Nordeste. Se justifica esa pesquisa la atribución de un valor científico a las canciones de Luiz Gonzaga, valorizando su discurso a partir del sitio social que ocupa y la representatividad que hace del pueblo nordestino brasileño. Siendo así, se buscó la reflexión de que la identidad nordestina, fue desvelada en el éthos de Luiz Gonzaga, en el cual el compositor relaciona su propia una identidad regional de modo sedimentada. Se analizó aquí las canciones “Asa Branca”, “A volta da Asa Branca” y “A vida do viajante” como base para justificar las características de la manera como Luiz Gonzaga interpretaba y vivenciaba lo que era ser el nordestino. Canciones elegidas, pues han marcado su biografía.

O futebol é o esporte mais popular do Brasil. Com a preocupação dos clubes praticantes do esporte em cada vez mais se aprimorarem e profissionalizarem, a modalidade, com o passar do tempo, tornou-se um verdadeiro negócio, um mercado pelo qual circula milhões e milhões de reais. Com a diversificação das atividades praticadas pelos clubes, surge a discussão acerca da organização jurídica desses, isto é, se a prática dessas atividades é compatível com a organização em forma de associação, caso da maioria absoluta dos clubes brasileiros, ou se se deve necessariamente adotar a forma societária, nos moldes do Código Civil Brasileiro. A definição da organização jurídica das agremiações desportivas reflete diretamente no regime tributário aplicado a cada tipo de organização, daí a preocupação dos clubes em se manterem na forma mais benéfica do ponto de vista fiscal. Do mesmo modo, a tendência da autoridade fiscal é de aplicar entendimento diverso, sustentando, geralmente, que a forma a ser adotada deveria ser a que acaba por gerar maiores encargos tributários às entidades. Esse embate de entendimentos se deve às diversas mutações legislativas no âmbito desportivo, com profusos entendimentos ao longo dos anos, acarretando insegurança jurídica quanto ao tema. Recentes decisões do Conselho Administrativo de Recursos Fiscais (CARF) a favor dos Contribuintes indicam uma tendência a se pacificar o debate no âmbito administrativo. Há, ainda, alguns projetos de lei que propõe a criação de modelos societários próprios e exclusivos para os clubes de futebol, que visam, na teoria, modernizar a organização, gestão e administração das entidades.

A síndrome dos ovários policísticos (SOP) é uma das endocrinopatias mais comuns entre mulheres na idade fértil. Embora o mecanismo da doença ainda não esteja bem definido, essa síndrome está freqüentemente associada à resistência à insulina (RI), obesidade hiperandrogenemia, inflamação crônica e estresse oxidativo. A doença pode se manifestar por hirsutismo, acne, seborréia, alopecia, irregularidade menstrual, obesidade e cistos ovarianos. As alterações hormonais contribuem para que as portadoras desenvolvam muitas complicações quando não é feito o tratamento adequado, sendo este direcionado para a regularização do ciclo menstrual, recuperação da fertilidade, prevenção de possíveis complicações, nos quais a vitamina D pode ter um papel muito importante. Este trabalho tem como objetivo realizar uma revisão da literatura para avaliar o papel da suplementação de vitamina D na SOP. A revisão foi realizada nos bancos de dados nacionais e internacionais, tais como Scielo e PubMed, com artigos publicados entre 2000 e 2019. Após análise dos artigos, observa-se uma deficiência de vitamina D comum entre as mulheres portadoras da síndrome, que pode exacerbar sintomas da SOP. Além desta associação, observou-se que concentrações reduzidas de 25OHD foram associados com resistência à insulina, irregularidades menstruais e ovulatórias, infertilidade, hirsutismo, hiperandrogenismo, obesidade e fatores de risco para desenvolvimento de doença cardiovascular. Entretanto, ainda não existe um consenço na literatura científica sobre o papel da suplementação de 25OHD na SOP, sendo necessária a realização de mais estudos para comprovar esta hipótese.

Igreja Presbiteriana do Brasil