RCAAP Repository

In order to understand the dominant concept of landscape today among and within the various sciences, as well as in arts, philosophy and common sense, it is interesting to study their history both temporally and spatially and also how societies in their intimacy have seen it with their own eyes. Thus, we will investigate the urban landscape reality Araguaína - TO, verifying their cultural traits inherited from their ancestors, through photographs and interviews with some of its residents. Authors such as Maximiano, Santos, Carlos, Venturi, Leite, Tuan, Landim, Razaboni, Corrêa, Marchezini, Bertrand, Damiani e Relph, among others, are of fundamental importance concerning the theoretical basis of the subject under discussion, especially in the first chapter. In the first chapter the methodology will deal basically with qualitative research, which will guide the thesis itself. In the second chapter we will aim at discussing the construction of Tocantins territory and its landscapes from the scenario created by mining evidenced in Goiás lands in the eighteenth century (its golden period) as well as through decadence. The alternatives found for extensive cattle breeding as a form of survival of its population and the marks printed on the construction of its landscapes and the territorial consolidation of Tocantins. For such purpose we highlight the works of the following authors: Lira, Assis, Aquino, Valverde, Martins, Duarte, Ferrari, Mesquita, Vinhal, Ajara, Parente, Cavalcante and Vesentini to understand the historical process of Tocantins territorial formation, throwing light on the federal public policies that acted directly in this spatial organization, such as the government plans, the construction of Goiania, Brasilia and major highways. The main objective of Chapter III is to understand the urban landscape of Araguaína as part of an entire historical, economical, ethical and cultural process of organization of this space, through interviews with the population. Throughout chapter IV the obstacles and the roughness of the urban development of Araguaína and its landscapes will be discussed. Problems such as high walls, pits in the sidewalks, appropriation of public space for private use, lack of urban forestry, urban fires, the issue of urban mobility and lack of accessibility to people with special needs will be addressed under the light of theory and also half of the interviewees\' statements. Finally, in the concluding remarks we will provide the city planners some urban proposals with greater sustainability.

A part of the study was the analysis of soils which refers to texture, moisture, density, porosity and penetration resistance, as these soils properties influence the infiltration capacity and erosive susceptibility. The study evaluated the variation in water table using two monitoring wells. Other items were evaluated and analyzed, such as the climatological water balance, which required temperature and precipitation data from 2010 to 2012; assessment of soil erodibility by Universal Soil Loss by Laminar Erosion Equation (USLE); evaluation and some morphometric analysis factors of the basin, such as maximum and minimum height, massiveness orographic coefficient, superficial extension length, drainage density, level of rugosity, maintenance coefficient and average declivity. Other physical parameters were evaluated to integrate and comprehend the dynamic of water in the basin; among them the declivity classes in the area, the type of relief and the use and occupation of land can be mentioned. The hydrographic basin used in this study has an area of 10 km2 and is situated in the Northern area of Iporá which borders with the municipality of Diorama on the West of Goiás State. In the basin predominates soft wavy relief, the predominant declivity is between 0 and 6%. The loss of soil by erosion is less than 2 ton.ha.year in most part of the basin. Rainfall is concentrated between the months of September and March, with a dry season from April to August. The rainfall erosive capacity is of 997 ton.ha.Mj.mm. The average hydraulic conductivity of the soil is 10-5 m/s both in surface and in depth. The texture of soils used for the infiltration varied from loamy to very loamy, the density in the soils on granite was superior lightly the one of the soils on alkaline rocks. The total porosity is lightly larger in the soils developed in alkaline rocks, but when statisticment analyzed, both are same, happening the same with the resistance of the soil to the penetration, that was below 2500 kPa, that is the strip limits for impediment to the growth of the roots. The capacity of medium infiltration for all the analyzed soils was of 10-5 m/s, in other words, high value the moderate so much for the superficial infiltration, as for the infiltration in depth. The contribution area for recharge of the water table is 26% of the basin where soils prevail well developed, of texture predominantly loamy. It prevails in the basin an water table with good storage capacity and supply.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

The territory serves as an indicator of the quality in which the State manages land use. Based on the concepts of planning, spatial planning and transportation planning, seen from the perspective of the State action, and understanding the transport networks as a key element in the organization of the territory, we described the importance of transport in the Brazilian historical and spatial constitution. Considering elements and characteristics of the Brazilian territory at the beginning of the 21th century, as well as transport networks data, public policies and State institutions responsible for its management, we aimed at describing and understanding the recent performance of the Brazilian State in transport planning from the perspective of spatial planning. As a point of comparison, we studied European transport policies, as well as its recent performance, particularly the Portuguese case, enabling us to trace points of convergence and divergence in relation to the Brazilian case.

This paper reports the study of soils contaminated with mineral insulating oil in order to propose remediation processes that are best suited to them. The processes of soil treatment methods involve physical, chemical and biological, and in many cases necessary combination thereof. The proper study of the effects that can be caused by the contamination of the soil above a classification comprising aspects such as adsorption desorption processes, leaching, solubilization, among others. Contaminated soils were used in the Triangulo Mineiro region, the classification being conducted following the procedures described by the Brazilian Association of Technical Standards (ABNT), NBR 10004, NBR 10005, NBR 10006 and NBR 10007. From the obtained results it can be seen that the extent of contamination is limited to the area necessary to saturate the soil in the oil. Under the experimental conditions determined by Brazilian standards contamination is confined to this area, there are no processes and leaching significant. These results propose a great possibility that these remediation for contaminated soils can be implemented in the actual contaminated site without commitment and leaching processes that lead to environmental commitment.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

This research aimed to calculate and analyze the ecological footprint of the city\'s inhabitants Araguari-MG, in order to create subsidies to contribute to the process of city planning and micro, suiting local policies and integrating them into the environment and economic growth and development, to prevent or reduce the load on the human surplus local biosphere. We used the Ecological Footprint Tool - easy to understand and apply - as an instrument to measure the degree of sustainability, to measure the \"traces\" left by the inhabitants of the planet and based on their spending habits. The Ecological Footprint of the inhabitants of Araguari-MG in 2010 was 3.34 gha/person, the result of the sum of items relating to footprints: beef, fossil fuels, ethanol, housing, water, solid waste, and wood products paper and electricity. The items were most impressive fossil fuels account for 46% of the city\'s total footprint. The footprint on the electricity and beef represent respectively 38% and 8% of the total Footprint. The calculated value exceeds 1.54 gha/person that is acceptable Footprint of 1.8 gha/person, who represents the area bioproductive that every inhabitant of the planet has available in nature to sustain their consumption patterns and lifestyles, with sustainability. This value was calculated by one of the largest conservation organizations to the global nature, a Global Footprint Network.

The resurgence of some diseases depends on space organization, that is, some areas are more prone to disease occurrence, but the way in which public policies are implemented, may lead to the occurrence of situations propitious to the emergence or resurgence of diseases such as tuberculosis, which has caused great concern to the healthcare industry. Throughout history in the North and Northeast regions of Brazil, including the North of Minas Gerais, the lack of implementation of public policies to reduce inequalities and inequities in health and improve the living conditions of the population explains perfectly the persistence of tuberculosis. The main goal of this research was to understand the determining factors in the occurrence of tuberculosis in Northern Minas Gerais, evaluating access to health services and social and spatial conditions of the carriers. The research methodology consisted of documentary and bibliographical, mappings, field observation with questionnaires and interviews with tuberculosis patients on treatment in the municipalities of Montes Claros and Miravânia and interviews with managers of the epidemiology of Health Regional Superintendence of Montes Claros and The Health Regional Management of Januária and Pirapora. The survey results indicate that the higher incidence of tuberculosis in the Northern Minas was in Montes Claros and Miravânia respectively. Montes Claros considered the pole town of The North, having a very significant population growth, which demands expansion of drinking water services; sewage collection and treatment; proper collection and disposal of garbage; expansion of land use; urban drainage and other services necessary for the improvement of the quality of urban life. However all of these services are insufficient and cause loss to users. Miravânia is a predominantly rural municipality with a low purchasing power population, therefore very bad living conditions. The difficult access to basic health services of the population is the main factor which contributes to difficult tuberculosis control in the North of Minas. Anyway, the improvement of the living conditions of the population in the northern region of Minas Gerais will be the main instrument or strategy to fight tuberculosis in the region. Investments in actions such as sanitation, housing quality, employment, income, education and other mechanisms that enable major and lasting social transformation will be essential in this sense.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

All children around the world have the right to a safe environment and protection from accidents and violence (WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION WHO, 2008a). The traffic will be the fifth leading cause of death worldwide by the year 2030 and Brazil ranks fifth among the record holders in traffic deaths worldwide. The aim of this work is to analyze traffic accidents involving children from zero to fourteen years old in the city of Uberlândia, in order to support public policies to prevent and reduce these accidents. To achieve the proposed objectives, after authorization given by the command of the 9th Region Integrated of Public Security (9th RISP) and the Minas Gerais 5th Battalion Military of Firefighters, was carried out data collection through police reports of traffic accidents by police and fire departments, cases of children from zero to 14 years old, victims of traffic accidents in the city of Uberlândia in 2010. It was requested from the Department of Nosology of the Uberlândia Federal University Hospital (UFU) the listing of the victims from zero to 14 years old, who were admitted to the hospital due to traffic accidents. We interviewed the parents or caregivers of children victims of traffic accidents after obtained consent, using script interviews with structured and semi-structured questions specially designed for the collection of information. Children victims of non-fatal traffic accidents were also interviewed, after obtained parental consent. Were also interviewed schools representatives in neighborhoods where occurs higher rates of accidents. We identified the conditions of occurrence of accidents, demographic and socioeconomic profile of the victims and the spatial distribution of traffic accidents. The elaboration of territorial diagnostics of living conditions and health situations can lead and facilitate the process of decision-making. It is proposed in this thesis that coping with issues related to traffic accidents are addressed from the perspective of municipal urban planning, traffic and transport, health, education, the driver training system and also the parents and guardians of children.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

The following study has as objective the Use of Geotechnology to the Territorial Ordering of Porto Nacional City, in Tocantins State Brazil. The territorial organization of Porto Nacional is known as the North Goiano Golden Cycle, with entrances and expeditions from the South part of Brazil to the North part. The Pará and Maranhão fluvial commerce, the Tocantins River and the Boi Curraleiro Montante, entering from East to West through the western part of Goiás, were historic marks used to orient this investigation. Moreover, with the objective to understand the Tocantins State creation, since the 1988 Brazilian Main Citizens‟ Law and the reduction of Porto Nacional City area, that is given to the capital of the new state, the river becomes a lake with the UHE building, the City wins the rails of the train and the people that used to live by the riverside were moved to another place. We established, as the general objectives thesis to analyze the evolution of the territorial ordering of Porto Nacional City, through the use of Geotechnologies. Thus, we have confirmed the hypothesis that: Geotechnology is an important tool to Government, to use in the Territorial Ordering Planning by public employee that work on this area. The methodology used to orient this piece of research started from careful methods and techniques literature review, the application of physic-territorial analysis and the use of Geotechnology. This work basis is centered on data from the Federal, the State and the City management organization. During the study it was done a temporal analysis in each five years from 1980 to 2013. It was done using the images from the sensor Multispectral Scanner Subsystem Landsat 2 and from the sensor Thematic Mapper Landsat 5 and 8, and from maps of previous classification and topographic letters, facilitating thus the soil use and occupation characteristics class analysis. During the laboratory work it was done the images classification. The SPRING Software (versions 5.0.5 and 5.1.8) from INPE was the chosen tool because through the use of this it was possible to build a data bank, as well as the elaboration of diverse map products used during the study. The research showed, among other factors, that a integrated system utilization that is able to provide information to help during the decision making and considers social data from urban and countryside areas in the physic-spacial and economic aspects is important to contribute to the improvement of all citizens‟ life quality.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

The theme that prays presented, he/she concerns the Perception of the Children five years old in relation to a public space - the Square Doctor Chaves located in the city of Montes Claros/MG/Brazil, considered the Historical Nucleus and origin of the city. We highlighted as objective headquarters of this work, to investigate that perceptions have the five year-old children on the environment, delimiting a specific space - the square and to deepen the referring studies to the Environmental Education in the Infantile Education. As specific objectives, we selected: to observe the five year-old children\'s perceptive activities in a public space; to characterize the environmental perceptions of a same space for children of different social classes and to verify the children\'s of a same age perceptions is differentiated for they belong to teaching nets and classes different social Para the attainment of these objectives it was necessary the use of a specific methodology because, to develop researches with children is not easy task and we needed to understand what the children speak starting from your own constructions, through your world of fantasies. Besides, to understand them starting from our vision, of who is not more child, it constitutes a challenge. Starting from this understanding the investigation based on an approach methodological beginning that extols the previous suspension of every judgment on the domain of the knowledge in consideration, whose qualitative aspects don\'t try they were meditated, using as instruments for the collection of data the structured interview composed of six open subjects and drawing analysis formed an alliance with the in an oral way. They were subject of the research 88 children belonging to 4 Municipal Centers of Infantile Education - located CEMEI in outlying areas of Montes Claros / MG and 83 children of 2 institutions of Infantile Education of the Net Peculiar of teaching located in central areas of the referred city. The choice for children in this age group is justified for they possess quite representative manifestations in relation to your capacities, talents, desires and for possessing a very peculiar way to notice and to explain the facts, to face situations demanded by this phase of the development. Besides, we detached that with 5 years the child already possesses marks of your individuality, your relationships with the healthy middle very personalized, you/he/she tends to be realistic, concrete, you/he/she already uses the speech, the drawing, to clear your perception that has of the world that the fence the Thesis is structured in five chapters, being: Chapter I \" One listens historical of the child and of the Childhood. It was once. . . \". Chapter II the Perception decoded by the environmental reading; the Chapter III \" Of the scribble to the line - of the line to the form - the infantile \" drawing. Chapter IV \" Of the the philosophers\' square to the current Square \"; the Chapter V \" the children\'s Dance in circles making Science in a public \" space The obtained results demonstrated that the five year-old children possess perceptions differentiated for they belong to social classes and teaching nets differentiated. The belonging to a lower social level (Group 1) they didn\'t know the Square Dr. Keys, but they play at close squares to your residences with certain frequency accompanied or not of the parents. The children belonging to the high social class (Group 2) they know the Square Dr. Keys, they play in this square rarely in your parents\' company, but they don\'t play at other squares or there are not close squares to your residences. The children of the Group 1 notice the square as a place to play and full of innovations and the children of the Group 2 as a place to walk and for they already know this place they didn\'t demonstrate a lot of curiosity. In both groups, the square represents a place for the leisure whose function is intimately interlaced with the social conditions of use of this space. For such a study, we articulated our thought in several areas of the knowledge as, the Geography, the Pedagogy, the Sociology, the Philosophy, the Psychology, looking for to base and to speculate the subject.

The study of landscape, conceived as a natural system is of fundamental importance for the understanding of the phenomena arising from the relationship between social dynamics and dynamics of nature, allowing assess the results of the relation between time/social space and time/natural space. This research has as main objective to serve environmental contribution to diagnosis of the Microregion of Araguaína from the study of the constraints of the physical environment, resulting in the definition of classes of vulnerability/stability, according to the methodology suggested by Crepani et al. In this sense, the present work part of the consideration that the landscape has a dynamic character and that shows interactions between spaces physical, biotic, and anthropic inserted in space and time dimensions. An approach associated with the environmental analysis, taking into account compliance with the various components of the landscape, both in ways resulting from such as also in their processes related generators, mainly, by the occupation over the past few decades, provides highly significant points to seek the understanding of the inextricable link between society and nature. Within the methodological proposal were characterized the elements of landscape inherent in geology, geomorphology, pedology, vegetal cover and climate and subsequently assigned values on the scale of vulnerability. For each of the groups or geological formations present in the area was established a value on the scale of vulnerability to denudation of rocks, taking into account especially the information of lithology, which resulted in the preparation of a representative map of these values. The same procedure was performed for the other themes. The classification of the degree of vulnerability and stability to the area of study was carried out from the folds of the values resulting from the average of the intersection of all the elements that characterise the area in question, taking into account the processes of morphogenesis and pedogenese. With this methodological procedure was possible to specialize the degree of vulnerability and stability of the Microregion of Araguaína, from the basic information of the physical environment and of land use and vegetation cover, obtaining, therefore the classes: Moderately Vulnerable, Moderately Stable/Vulnerable, Moderately Stable and Stable.