RCAAP Repository

Wetlands in tropical regions constitute an important frontier of knowledge due to the complexity of the mineralogical constituents of the biogeochemistry dynamic and the roles it plays in maintaining the Cerrado biome sustainability. Occur in these areas of topographic depression, hydromorphic soils, characterized by the condition of poor drainage and waterlogging. Already in Plains occur when replaying morphological patterns, characterized as lots of semielliptical lands and depressions, known as \'murundus fields . Two thoughts talk about their training, one that deals with the geomorphological origins of large heaps, describing them because of differential erosion of the land, and another that assigns to the biological origin, which would be promoted by mesofauna, primarily by termites, so cumulative usually. In the microregion of Uberlândia in the Triângulo Mineiro (MG) presents several murundus fields, in the transition between the plateau (drained) and areas of depression. The objectives of this research were to determine the biogeochemical aspects of morphological and murundus, from chemical, physical and biological indicators, and assessing the ability of mathematical models about the interactions and correspondence of variables and the optimization and simulation of indicators in a same catena. The data obtained from soil analysis reports sampled, correspond to open trenches in areas of murundus, plateaus, edge and center of the depression, surface and depth, and understand the complex sorptive, total oxides and textural aspects. The highest coefficients of significant response to organic matter in generalized linear model (GLM), were obtained in the areas of border and Central depression (10.14 and 11.84, respectively), but decrease quickly, varying greatly from one stratum to another deep (-7.45 and 5.01 of 51-100 cm, respectively). Although smaller significant coefficients observed in the GLM, to murundus areas in (8.13 of 00-20 cm; 5.57 of 21-50 cm), more uniform trend was observed as to the variation up to 100 cm (3.04 of 51-100 cm). The traces of the hydromorphy and bioturbation activity in the fields of large heaps are indispensable for understanding the dynamic character of heterogeneization of profile and primarily, of accumulation of organic matter and increase cargo complex on the ground. On the plateau, in all the proposed mathematical models, it has not been possible to observe significant response capacity to the levels of organic matter. Multivariate non-hierarchical models, contacted if more correspondence between the factors that make up the complex indicators sorption (grouped) and the areas represented by the environments with any trace of hydromorphy (mu, T1P2) or typically hydromorphic (bd, T1P3; cd, T1P4), reiterating the composition of the generalized linear model. As for the overlay simulation of responses, it was evidenced only strong resemblance between the murundus and the edges of the depression, as the behavior of the relationship Fe(OH)3/Al2O3. The results of simulation and optimization demonstrated that the murundus areas with better set of geomorphological attributes for MO content expression and values of CTC, under a minimum parameter range of Al2O3 (34.9487%) and a maximum range of Fe(OH)3 (9.2278%).

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

As a result of the Scientific Revolution which began in the 16th and 17th centuries, modernity characterizes a moment in the history of planet Earth when we human beings have managed to see ourselves separated from nature and rationally superior; therefore, devoid of essential subjective dimensions. Thus, wondering like nomadic beings blinded by the light of Cartesianism, we voraciously started to pillage natural resources which at our side should facilitate survival conditions for all generations to come. Paradoxically, in an attempt to reach high levels of material well-being, we have distanced ourselves from our essence and have ended up building an environmental society socially unjust, violent, self-centered and extremely materialistic. Consequently, a group of values that form a more sustainable and welcoming world vision have had to provide room for other essential values to implement this societal model. The 1960 s was described as being the beginning of important movements like the environmental movement. In its context, the necessity to adopt an educational demeanor which could guarantee the permanence of preservation deeds proposed by this movement came about. Then, in the 1970 s Environmental Education, as a result of various national and international discussions, gave emphasis to the formation of values in children. Our research looked for data, which could characterize Environmental Education nowadays, in two schools in Araguari, MG Brazil that focused on the first few years of primary school. Our research put us face to face with a reality that leaves no doubt: Environmental Education deviated from its objective to work with values, which emphasize concepts passed on in an attempt to increase environmental awareness is not successful, because it doesn t touch on the important dimensions in a subjective point of view. In the midst of the reality, we built a methodological proposal in Environmental Education for the educators of the primary schools based on the revival of traditional knowledge. Our proposal does not represent an attempt to rewind the film, but above all to call each educator to seek abandoned values in their own history and in the history of their people with the possibility of rethinking life of the Earth planet.

American Cutaneous Leishmaniosis ACL and American Visceral - AVL are non-contagious infect-parasitic diseases of zootic character, caused by protozoa of several species of the gender Leishmania that attack man, several species of domestic and wild animals. These diseases are considered re-emerging infections that reappear or are spread out in a way they can reach other areas in which its presence had not been noticed before. The World Health Organization considers ACL as being the second most important disease caused by protozoa when it concerns public health. The vectors of ACL and of AVL are phlebotomine of the Lutzomyia genus. Worldwide about 800 species are known of which 229 are found in Brazil. Of these approximately 40 species are considered either suspect or proved to be Leishmaniosis vectors. The objective of this work was to monitor the phlebotominic fauna relating it to environmental alterations and climatic elements. The researched area was the one of construction of the barrage of the Hydroelectric Power Plant Capim Banco I, in Araguari river basin, in Uberlândia, MG, before and during the construction, and after the filling of the lake. The barrage of the Hydroelectric Plant Capim Branco I was built in the latitude 18° 47'25"S and longitude 48°08'50"W, in the Km 150 of Araguari river, starting in its. This research was accomplished from May 2003 to December 2006, being initiated by a demarcation of the plots for captures. Two capture plots were chosen in the area of the Hydroelectric Plant. The first plot was set beside the bridge of Pau Furado and the second one approximately 184m of the edge of the river. To capture the phlebotomine Shanon traps were used with the light of a gas lantern with screens of 500 candles, 3 luminous traps of CDC type (Center on Disease Control), with 6-volt batteries each, and suction tube, capturer of Castro. In order to study the environmental dynamics of the area, an Ecological Profile was developed. 87 captures were accomplished with 522 hours of field work and 1500 hours of laboratory work. 301 phlebotomine of two genders being 160 Brumptomyia and 141 Lutzomyia. 199 were captured in the CDC traps and 104 in the Shannon trap. 135 were male and 166 female. The capture of two species responsible for carrying ACL (L. whitmani and L. neivai) and the species responsible for carrying AVL in the Southeast Area (L. longipalpis), shows the necessity of a System of Environmental Surveillance in Health with prevention actions and phlebotomine control, in order to avoid risks to the residents of the settlement "Vila Nova" as well as to the visitors looking for leisure and fishing.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

The comprehension of the constitutional principle of human beings dignity, on which Federal Constitution of 1988 is established, presupposes an understanding of its formal and material aspects. Formal dignity is inherent to man; material dignity presupposes social rights attendance, at least, those rights that constitute the so-called minimum existential, which are difficult due to the indetermination of their content. Human beings dignity, as a founding principle of current Law is approached in this text giving it sense and unit. It is, for many, a meta-principle or, in a better sense, an overright, without which other constitutional principles do not have reason for existence. A dignified life requires that social rights are satisfied. These social rights are stated in article 6 of FC/1988 among which are housing rights, inserted in the constitutional emend 26/2000. The framework of the Federal Constitution does not present social rights under the heading that deals with the foundations of the Democratic Status Quo, but that is the way they are classified, constituting the definition of human beings dignity. Consolidating the developing of human beings dignity, the current Constitution establishes that economic order, founded both on the valorization of human work and on the free initiative, assures a dignified life to all, observing private property and the social function of property, what means the utilization of the land according to public interests. Law 10,257/2001, named City Code, regulates the constitutional articles (182 and 183) that read on urban policy, guaranteeing the right to the sustainable cities, understood as the right to urban land, housing, environmental management, and instruments for public Power actions that can, eventually, dispossess land. Social exclusion requires, in this way, a revision of the significance of cities and of the right to them. Once socially excluded, man does not have access to goods offered by them. The correlation of constitutional articles with the principle of dignity is presented all along the text, everything being done to materially attend the principle-value of human beings dignity. The convergence of the constitutional and infraconstitutional rules for the principle of human beings dignity is inevitable, since the State exists for man, and that man, in order to exist, occupies a place. The one who doesn t have a place to occupy and live neither has dignity.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

The work that if follows approaches the context, politician, economic and social cultural of the nesting of the Divided Agrarian Reformation. More specifically, it analyzes the ways of life, the production and reproduction of the place and the communitarian space of the living citizens of this nesting. The commercialization of ownerships of lots was one of the reasons that had guided the accomplishment of the research, therefore, in our agreement, such situation consists as a problem for the Agrarian Reformation. The concerns in understanding the reason of the sales of lots had directed the studies for the particularitities that if make gifts in the lived space. The strategy was to analyze the reality of practical the social ones of the familiar producers, by means of its speaks, in way that we could know its trajectories of life, its seated or buying conquests while of lots. Being thus, we extend our theoretical knowledge concerning the work of field in Geography, analyzing, from geographic, sociological, anthropological and historiograficas workmanships, the descriptive method and verbal history. When knowing on the daily one of the interviewed ones, we perceive that the cycles of the nature are important for the productive process in agriculture. The parties, the leisure, the individual work and the collective one constitute the daily one, being this structuralized, over all, for the work. In this direction, the collective relations for affinities if become important for reproduction and structure of the daily one. In this way, when analyzing the life ways, we understand that significant divergences that hinder the production of an only collective social space, around the productive activities exist. Some families possess to know and abilities regarding the agricultural production, therefore, in its trajectories of life, had acquired knowledge from diverse experiences lived in the agricultural space. Other families had not lived experiences in the agricultural one and possess urban origin. These have difficulties in working, producing and to get income from the uses of the lot. Of this form, the place is produced and reproduced by the conflicts, agreements and misunderstandings between living families of the nesting. The reproduction of the life, by means of the uses and appropriations of the lots, becomes a challenge, since the production of the place is conflict, permeate for frustrate conquests, negotiations and for failures in the production and the collective organizations. It is in this way that the reality nestings goes them being produced and reproduced. Some families abandon the dream to possess a land property, therefore ahead of the difficulties of generation of producing, income, relating collectively if politics and technique attainment of assistance of the Government, the community and getting financial profits for the sales of its conquest, they opt in commercializing the ownership of the lot. In this trajectory, the nets of sociability appeared by the collective relationship of the families who remain liveing in the nesting go being constructed and modified for the coming of new families. Analyzing this situation, we understand that the sales of ownerships of lots have, as cause, a set of factors that appear in the lived space and if they relate the failures in meeting gifts in the interior of the communitarian space and in the extra-communitarian social relations that the collective one establishes.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

The present research was developed in São Francisco middle region, in the city of Ibiaí, north of Minas gerais, having as locos empírico the peasant community of Barra do Pacuí. The approach was conducted to investigate how, by being included in the rural world, the peasant of this community can realize, feel, represent and act about the environment in whitch they live and work. To reach this objective, I made an methodological base using procedures and instruments for data collection that brought me as close as I could of a qualitative approach, working in the participative observation practical perspective about the residents daily life, their work relations, or better saying, the Barra do Pacuí peasants way of life. Were made, a communitarian census, free interviews and visual appointments of the observed facts, besides a location map confection, drawing, diagrams and croqui of the studied area. In the theoretical point of view, I treated concepts about the environmental question, the relationship environment and space and, the symbolical and economical constitution of the traditional communities. There were also included issues relating to technical and scientific influence in current geographical space configuration and their repercussion in the rural brazilian world, including the north of Minas Gerais. I call attention to the interlocution with João Guimarães, who was used to constitute between people, scenes and scenarios, the space of the sertão and the transformations that the region has been passing by in consequence of the State political actions since the decade of 1970, specially SUDENE s action. Finally I did an community ethnographical analysis, that allowed me characterize their way of life and ways of handling local environment. Detaching, internal geographical aspects and how, on terms of the peasant economical production, was established in the common uses of the territory a policultura system, including fishing activity, to extract the minimos vitais that can guaranty their political, economical and cultural reproduction.

The emergence of recent approaches, identified together with the term complexity , which seek to understand reality as a result of the multiple action of various factors, and which oppose the traditional theoretical standards in use in the various areas of knowledge, are provoking the development of endless research in a different focus in Geography. This study tries to verify up to what point these approaches to complexity offer theoretical, referential contributions for studies made in this field. For this reason, it became necessary to establish the distinction between the notion of method, or discovery logic, approaches and research procedure. Following this came the analysis of books, texts and experiments which expound the theme of complexity in Geography. The similarity between some procedures identified with complexity in relation to the customary expressions of geographers, suggested as an explanation for the wide acceptance of these approaches, was verified. It was also possible to distinguish, in general terms, two types of expression, the results of the application of complexity approaches in Geography. The first corresponds with those who make use of the original theories of natural science in the interpretation of geographic phenomena based on computer models. The second can be identified by the pre-eminence of the philosophic, historic, metascientific or literary presentations and by frequently using the term paradigm , which plays an essential part in the theoretical elaboration of Edgar Morin, the principal influence for this source.

The present written work carries through a critical boarding to the design of etymological geography, and its object of study. So interdisciplinary, focus on the right environmental space, from the modern conception of geography resolute science of the applied social conflicts. May there be sight, considering the standard values come from the threedimensional theory to the detriment of the standard positivist, searching a development sustainable, and the had application of the ambient legislation, what should be implanted in favour of the construction of an exclusive ambient conscience. Still, we are attentive to the importance of the exercise of the participatory citizenship, in order to consolidate the democratic system of Right, in the moving one to the guardianship of the environment. Concluding the work from a case study, the importance of the worked theoretical content is noticed it, explaining how the application of the legal precept sometimes used, at the expense of proper regulatory supervision, applied to the Environment.

This work aims at understanding how high levels of inequalities from which injustice and social exclusion are derived become so evident, as we observe that the majority of the Brazilian population black people does not have dignified life conditions in order to guarantee these individuals with the right to citizenship. As the marginalization of black people is verified in the Brazilian Society we can make use of the teaching of Geography as an opportunity of debate and discussion about this reality. We discuss on the necessity of improvement and redoing of the school curriculum to convert the school in a democratic space, without racial prejudice as well as the value of family culture that is brought to the school. Some questions are references in this change: What representations the discourse of Geography does, regarding black people social inclusion? How are black people approached in the textbooks of Geography? What is defended by the teachers of Geography in the classroom? What is the role of the school in the citizen training? These questions point to a necessity of an articulation between Education and the specific content of Geography, recovering the political essence of the education act, in general, and, in a particular way, the school teaching of Geography.

This study aimed to achieve an environmental diagnosis and a proposal to use correctly Bebedouro s stream basin in Uberlândia/MG, using geoprocessing techniques. The basin is located in the rural area in the north of Uberlândia s urban zone. Distant 10km from downtown, among the coordinates 780500 787800 mE and 7917200 to 7925000 mN, presenting an area of 32,56km², where it was built a hydroelectric usine Amador Aguiar II , former AHE Capim Branco II. To accomplish this study, we used: climatological data, cartographic documents, aerial photographs from 1979 and images from HRVIR/Spot satellites, from 2006. The methodology adopted was based on a proposal by Libault (1971), which defines four research levels: the compilatory, correlative, and semantic rules. The software uses was the Cartalinx (for conversion of analog products), Idrisi (data processing) and ArcView (final layout production). As a result of the research about Bebedouro s stream basin, is that it has a tropical climate, with annual precipitation index of 1540mm, and an annual temperature average of 22.9º C, and the highest average of maximum temperatures is in October (31.1º C) and the lowest average of minimum temperatures is in July (14.6 º C). The geological formation is Serra Geral which occupies 76.45% of the area, formed by basaltic spills. The soils are red distoferric latosoil occurs in 76.70% of the basin s area. Most of the area is 69% between altitudes from 600 to 780 meters. The use of the land and vegetation, both prevalent as in 1979 as in 2006 are pastures, followed by forests/ cerradão , agriculture and cerrado . In 1979 the pastures occupied 60.42% of the area, while in 2006 it increased slightly to 64.19%. The category forest/ cerradão , also increased during the period observed, from 15.04% to 15.61% (2006). In categories such as agriculture and cerrado decreased. Agriculture increased from 13.04% (1979) to 11.99% (2006), while cerrado changed from 8.46% (1979) to 55.95% (2006). What we conclude is that in the basin the anthropic use predominates and such changes in the use of land are old, or occurred before 1979. Most of the basin, or in 84% of the losses occur in soil, less than 6 ton/ha a year. It is characterized by the presence of small properties, smaller than 30ha (60% of them) and 46% of the owners live on the farm for more than 20 years). From the intersection of maps, a landuse map had been drawn up for Bebedouro s steam basin, where we concluded that in 18.09% of the area can be used for farming and grazing, without the necessity of complex conservationists ways. In 48.74% of the area anthropic activities can be developed, especially the grazing, however it requires conservationists ways, as an example the construction of level curves and most often terraces. In 28.19% of the area shouldn be used with antropic activities, it is intended to recover the original vegetation, and 4.98% should be designed to permanent preservation the recommended Bebedouro s stream basin Uberlãndia/MG landuse map indicates how the area should be occupied, in order to minimize environmental impacts and contribute to the preservation of water resources, for a and fauna of the river. The geoprocessing techniques used for the development of this study have proved themselves very satisfactory and contributed to the products development used in the necessary environmental diagnosis and recommendation for the basin use.

This work had as objective to make the mapping of the Pires do Rio city of the environment, using techniques of geoprocessing, where it was carried through analyzes secular of the use of the land and covering vegetal of 1977, 2002 and 2007, and verified the mapped potentialities of categories. The Pires do Rio city of the Goiás is located between the geographic coordinates 17º 01' -17º 37' 28'' of South' 05' latitude and 48º 03' 21'' - 48º 42' 54'' of longitude West of Greenwich, occupying an area of 1073,369 Km2, with a population 26,857 in 2007. The materials used for accomplishment of this work had been to topographic leaves for elaboration of the limit and draining; digital leaf SE-22-X-D of the SIEG as base for the geology maps , geomorphologic and ground; leaf SE-22-X-D (MDE/SRTM) for maps of declivity, hydrographical sub-basins and hypsometry; images of satellites of the sensor ETM+/Landsat 7. For improvement of the limits of the categories of ground, geology and geomorphologic, update of the draining, mapping of the categories of use of the land and vegetal covering of 2002; MSS/Landsat 2 for construction of the use map land and vegetal covering of 1977; CCD/CBERS 2 for construction of the map of use land and vegetal covering of 2007 and of the farms. In Cartalinx software they had been digitalized the majority of the maps, except the maps of declivity, sub-basins, hypsometry and recommended use that had been elaborated in software IDRISI 32, which also carried through the crossings of the thematic maps. For construction of the map of the farms one typed the coordinates in the Excel was exported to Arcview 32, where the layout was become fulfilled. From the analysis of the results it is observed that the city is formed by 8 hydrographical subbasins, the greater is of the Ribeirão Brumado occupying 22% of the area; the category of geology predominant ´r Granada Gnaisse, Anfibolito, Quartzite in 45% of the total; how much to the relief of the city 37% little dissected presents the index; e altitude enters 700 800m, the dominant characteristic of declivity it is soft waved with interval of 3 8% in 47% of the total of the area; the types of predominant ground are the Cambissolos and Red Latossolo and occurring respectively, in 40% and 36% of the city. With the use of the images the following categories of use of the land had been identified (Ciliar Bush, Cerradão, Savana, Dirty Field, Clean Field, agriculture, pasture, reforestation, area of urban influence e, water bodies). The secular analysis of the use of the land proved that the pasture is the predominant category in these 30 years, occupying 47% of the city on average, and the natural vegetation had a significant reduction, mainly the dirty field in 55% of its area. How much to the map of recommended use, it was verified that 55% of the area recommended for agriculture and indicated 61% for the exotic reforestation are being busy with pasture. The geoprocessing techniques had facilitated the work of mapping of the city, the generated data make possible the identification of the ambient fragilities and suggestions to improve the use of the way land to guarantee its sustentability.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais