RCAAP Repository

This paper presents a research conducted by bacteriological analyses of the water sample collected from shallow wells or tanks in the Sector Mansões das Águas Quentes, in the city of Caldas Novas, GO. The choice of location was given because the sector does not provide service of treated water or sewage network collector, which leads the residents of that sector to use shallow wells or tanks, for their water supply, and pits for the deposit of their dejection, which in most cases, pits type sink. Another fact that favored the choice of location for the study was the proximity of the sector with the deposit of municipal solid waste, where the waste is deposited without virtually any type of treatment. The samples were collected and analyzed to verify the presence of coliform bacteria in the group and also to verify the presence of Escherichia coli, bacteria indicator of the presence of fecal contamination, using the technique of multiple tubes, with a total of 97,5% of the samples showed up positive for this type of bacteria, which indicates fecal contamination in the vast majority of the samples. The work thus demonstrated that the residents of where the samples were collected using a low quality of water, considered unfit for human consumption according to Resolution No. 518 of 25 March 2004 of the Ministry of Health, which may endanger the health of residents due to problems related to the intake of species of bacteria Escherichia coli, causing a number of intestinal diseases. The work also demonstrated the need for the use of some type of basic treatment of water used for consumption by residents of the sector studied, and demonstrate the results obtained by the need to be made improvements with regard to the sanitation sector by power municipal government of Caldas Novas, as the installation of networks of treated water and sewage collector in any industry studied.

Th is d issertat ion shows the importance of the ra i lways as cata lyt ic in the construct ion and occupat ion of the geographica l space. They appeared in England and of there they dispersed all over the world, ac companying the deve lopment of the industry and the urbanizat ion. In Bra z i l, the ra i lways was fundamental for the transport of the main product , the coffee, of the end of the century XIX to the first decades of the century XX, became responsible a lso for tying the coast to the inter ior of the country, besides the Tr iângu lo Mine iro (Min ing Tr iangle) , through the implantat ion of severa l ra i l companies. The reduced investments in the recast , in the conservat ion and in the acquisit ion of ro l l ing mater ia l , they took the rai l sect ion to the stagnat ion. To minimize that s ituat ion, in the decade of 1990, they happened the privat izat ions and the concessions. In the Tr iângulo Mine iro (Mining Tr iangle) the dea lersh ip is Fe rrovia Centro- At lânt ica (FCA), that it renders services of transport of loads, becoming of that sorts out an important logist ic support for area .

This work aims to evaluate in time and space the quality of the lake water of the Miranda hydroelectric power plant by means of physicochemical and bacteriologic analyses. The collections of samples were made in two distinct seasons of the year : dry and rainy in the years of 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 and 2007. Results of the analyses indicated considerable variations in the biochemical demand of oxygen, of the chemical demand of oxygen, of the dissolved oxygen, of oils and grease, of total dissolved solid, of the transparency, of the turbidness and of the bacteria presence of the coliform group. The values of the samples were interpreted in function of the limits of acceptance established by the Resolut ion 357 of CONAMA (2005). To help in the understanding of the results of the physicochemical and bacteriologic analyses, the area of study was mapped in what concerns the usage and occupation of the lands. This mapping identif ied the presence of 70,55% of antropic usage, 26,77% of natural vegetation cover and 2,68% occupied by water bodies. The map with dist ribution of the Water Quality Indices (WQI) points out that the major varies f rom great (79< WQI<100) to regular (36< WQI<51). The evaluation of physical, chemical and biological variations of the water of Miranda Lake allied to techniques of geoprocessing, allowed a better knowledge of the envi ronmental condi tions of the study area, and the results obtained can be used as sources of primary data to promote the planning and local and regional envi ronmental gestalt.

This study intends to explain and investigate the fulfillment of the legal competences in the Brazilian Traffic Code, as to the imposition, to cities, the management of the traffic itself through the execution of the process of municipalization, moved to end with its inclusion in the National Traffic System. Our starting point is the study of the beginning of the conflicts because of the circulation in the cities and the necessity of the implantation of techniques to the territory management, searching the teaching of Milton Santos. It s analyzed, how the evolution of the traffic laws and rules in Brazil was historically, including those that impose the municipalization, and what is the National Traffic System and Politics as well. Based on these theoric principles, it is seen that the cities not only have legal obligations, but also institutional, financial and technical: these legal obligations resulting from the requirements of the article 33 of the Federal Constitution and the BTC itself; these institutional obligations consist of the realization of the integration procedure NTS, the creation of the traffic management organs and the celebration of partnerships; these financial obligations consist of receiving and giving traffic fines; these technical obligations are connected to the formation of the technical workers and the implementation of instruments directed to the improvement of the circulation spaces through the professional work of several different areas of knowledge. Considering these municipal responsibilities, it was analyzed the statistics data of municipalization, giving to the official traffic organs and it was concluded that only few managers are worried about the municipalization of the local traffic assuming the control. It is because the bureaucracy in the process of municipalization and the lack of resources in the City Halls. There are also difficulties because of the capacity of the agents, educative action implementation, the correct use of the resources and the lack of technical action. The burden imposed to the city managers proves that there are great benefits when the city itself assumes the management of its own traffic, giving the solution to the conflicts in the circulation spaces, better traffic flow ness and life quality to its inhabitants.

This research aimed to characterize the central criminality involving young people (15-24 years old) in the Uberlândia city, giving priority to social and spatial relations. It was identified the young offender profile in determined institution of promoting social and educational measures. The methodological procedures of the research covered: the survey and development of bibliographic references about theoretical concepts on social exclusion, violence with emphasis on urban crime perpetrated by young people, and public policies to prevent violence, the survey data from the COPOM on the violence indices at Uberlândia in 2006, highlighting the murders involving young people, the survey data in the Center for Health Information on deaths in 2006 by age, the survey; spatialization and analysis of some socioeconomic indicators of Uberlândia from Population Census of 2000 (IBGE); collection of reports on urban violence involving young people published in The Journal Correio de Uberlândia in months between January and December 2006; survey data in institutions for prevention of crime, such as the Superintendency of the Crime Prevention and CISAU -- Centre for Adolescent Social Integration of Uberlândia, now called Centre Social and educational of Uberlândia, and removal and analysis of some public policies for prevention of violence involving young people, formulated and implemented in other cities of the country. It was noted that in local neighbourhoods has been greater share of crimes involving young people, but it also occurs in other central districts of the city. Thus, we consider that the young is target of crime in urban social and economic context in which we live and it is for the state plan public policies aimed at education and prevention measures and combat urban violence so that it does not become author and victim of homicide reported in the media.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

A democratic education with quality is a major component for the construction of a fairer and more egalitarian society. Historically, Brazil has not been able to promote access and permanence of an important portion of the population in school, mainly the one of smaller purchasing power. Figures of school censuses demonstrate that, in recent years, a relatively big return of youths and adults has happened to the schools. This research is inserted in this context of educational division. Our objective was to know and understand the development of the teaching process and Geography learning, and propose appropriate methodologies for the teaching of Geography in Youths and Adults Education of the elementary level. For that a bibliographical research on the subject of Adult Youths Education was carried out in Brazil, focusing on the Freirean pedagogy and the teaching/learning process of school Geography. Two groups of the evening period of a city school at Uberlândia-MG, 2007 were researched, being one of the 6th grade (3rd cycle), and another of the 8th grade (4th cycle). It was verified, among other results of this research: the incapacity and historical inefficiency of the educational public policies in promoting access and permanence of the students in school; that teaching should be ruled, according to Freirean pedagogy, to the student's reality, seeking autonomy promotion, awareness, and, consequently, citizenship; that teachers continuing studies, including Geography should contemplate the particularities and necessities of this kind of teaching; that the teaching practice of the Geography teacher should consider the social subject condition of this learner, by means of a teaching methodology which is differentiated and appropriate, emphasizing the students' previous and real knowledge, accomplishing connections between the geographical content taught in the school and the acquired knowledge by their life experiences. Finally, we conclude that the use of videos (films, documentaries), as a didactic tool is an alternative for the construction of the geographical knowledge in the classroom, mainly in what it regards the shortage of time for study, didactic material, and learning difficulties inherent to the student.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

This study intends to comprehend many legal controversies, environmental and economical, that involve the legal reserve institute of rural properties that lack native vegetation, mainly the legal reserve set in condominium, with RPPN, according to the legislation of Minas Gerais state. In Minas Gerais, cornerstone of this study, law n. 14.309/2002 (state Forest Code) while determines the institution of legal reserve in 20% of the rural property, in its article 17, brings specific hypothesis of compensation to properties that lack native vegetation. Among these alternatives, we point out the one described in incise VI, which allows the owners the acquisition of non contiguous properties (even in another basin) in condominium, which area is equivalent to the total sum of the legal reserve of all the co-owners with the institution of the Natural Property Private Reserve (RPPN). This hypothesis of compensation will be the main object of this study, which has been developed using the techniques of documental and bibliographic research, and also the intensive direct field observation and interviews. Besides the controversy that surrounds the debate regarding the determination or not to institute legal reserve in properties that lack native vegetation, with antagonist opinions about the legal interpretation, there is one about the constitutionality of this rule mentioned, considering that Minas Gerais state has concurrent jurisdiction to rule. This study will also point out the environmental impact caused by this compensatory alternative brought by the Minas Gerais law, its positive and negative aspects. It will also be presented economical data regarding the adoption of the compensatory legal reserve and its impact in the financial lives of the rural property owners and of the cities involved, under the analyses of economical activity reduction and environmental ICMS payment.

This study attempts to understand the importance of Catalão GO and its condition as a medium sized city. So, it gets together both perspectives: scientific community`s analysis on the issue of Brazilian medium sized cities and scholar`s opinion on this theme. For the last, this study goes deep on the history review of the city and applies to it a methodology elaborated by a team of researchers on medium sized cities (Medium Sized Cities Network ReCiMe). Economic dimension is a privileged side according to the methodology chosen because it sheds light to the comprehension of the role played by the economic agents in the intraurban space in Catalão city. In addition, this study identifies elements which help to clarify the idea of medium sized city based on the economic agents observed in the social and spatial environment of the research area. During my writing a literature review was set on both the medium sized cities and also on the economical development in Catalão from the 1970`s on. The next step brings data collection, systematization and analysis, together with interviews applied to citizen in Catalão. The third biggest GDP and the first HDI in Goiás, among other features, places Catalão as a clear medium sized city with regional and extra regional importance according to the methodology applied to this research.

This dissertation has as object of study the Camilo Torres Brigade. The Objective of our work was to analyze the organization of the Landless Rural Laborers' fight beginning from the Camilo Torres Brigade in the North of Minas Gerais State. The work has as reference the authors who discuss the Agrarian issue in Brazil and the conflicts between Brazil s Landless Rural Laborers' Movement (MST) and large estate owners, which provides a deep study on the subject here presented. A qualitative-quantitative methodology was used guided by half-structured interviews with the settlers/campers of the Sanharó Farm, the general coordinator of the Landless Rural Laborers' Movement (MST) and the agent of the Pastoral Land Commission (Catholic Church). Cartographic material, newspapers and photographs were also used. The research result shows that the fight for the land property in the North of Minas Gerais, considered from the Camilo Torres Brigade on, is a conquest of the Landless Rural Workers Movement. The results also indicate that the Brigade is a new strategy of fight for the spatialization ant territoriality of land in the North of Minas Gerais. It can be concluded that the Landless Workers Movement MST in the North of Minas Gerais, has played a major role on the fight for land and the recovery of citizenship of the excluded workers of the capitalist agriculture modernization process. The social use of land by the Landless Rural Workers Movement in the Sanharó Farm is reference for other settlements of the Camilo Torres Brigade in the North of Minas Gerais.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

Por el estudio elaborado en el intervalo de interacción entre la Geografía y la Antropología, nuestra investigación se ha sostenido en una cuestión central: La Economía Solidaria (ES); efectivamente, un analisis de la Socioeconomía Solidaria y la formación de sus agentes. Bajo corolario de horizontes interdisciplinarios, juntando conocimientos cientificos sumados a conocimientos empíricos de la practica popular, nuestra disertación se ha empezado tras una reflexión teórica fundamentada en la dimensión del pensamiento conceptual del autor Milton Santos, pensador de un otro mundo posible a servicio de una reordenación humanitaria en las premisas de la Globalización. La temática de nuestra prospección reboza un saberhacer y un hacersaber como enfrentamiento a las políticas hegemónicas y practicas económicas vigentes de la Economia de Mercado. La experiencia elegida, ha envuelto un agrupamiento solidario - Chico Fulô y cuatro de sus subgrupos practicantes en pequeña escala de la ES, con un fuerte indicador de sustenibilidad por extrativismo de la naturaleza dentro del gran ecosistema Cerrado Alli localizase los 4 sitios ciudadanos, en el districto Buritizeiro - Noroeste del Estado (Provincia) de Minas Geraes, en comunidades emplazadas en las cercanías del gran Rio São Francisco. Constituyen practicas experimentales de agrupamiento popular con apoyo y asesoramiento del Graal - Organización-No-Gubernamental integrada en distintas regiones de Brasil direccionando apoyo a mujeres de condiciones humildes. Reemplazamos pues, experiências de ES, escojidas bajo uma apresentacion de caracter geohistorico respecto a el origen, a las premisas y a la actualidad de la Economia Solidária. Proseguimos entonces, por una apresentacion de las tendencias actuales en Educacion direccionadas a la formacion de las personas, enfoque essencial (principal) de nuestro estúdio. Entre teoria, história y la descricion qualitativa y quantitativa de prácticas peculiares de la ES, emprendemos la busca de elementos destinados al respaldo de las propuestas de gestion e construccion colectiva de esos proyetos con tres princípios o pilares siguientes: La solidariedade, en direccion a una otra economia ; asociada a nueva estructura de relacion del poder y de sociabilidad; La sustentabilidad, en direccion a nuevas formas de relacionamientos sociedad/médioambiente, en procesos de socializacion de la naturaleza a través del trabajo; La criatividade social, en direccion a los procesos participativos de la inventiva de nuevas y humanitarias formas de gestion de la vida y de la própia sociedad, a partir de la expansion de redes de prácticas sociales emancipatorias, solidárias y sostenibles, desde la labor y experimentacion concretas en el ambito local).

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

The general objective of this research is conducting the survey and mapping the physical environment and evaluate the deforestation in the municipality of Cacoal, in the state of Rondônia, Brazil, using geoprocessing techniques. This objective was achieved through the elaboration of thematic maps of the studied area, among them, the maps of human use and vegetation cover of the years 1986, 1999, 2005 and 2007. So this research could be accomplished it was necessary the use of modern and relevant materials and efficient computational techniques available, like the planaltimetric letters of Cacoal and Presidente Médice compiled by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), on the scale of 1:250.000, the geomorphological and soil maps, prepared by RadamBrasil Project, Ministry of Mines and Energy, besides the satellite images of the years 1986, 1999, 2005 and 2007.The obtained results show the elaboration of hypsometric maps, slope of terrain, geology, drainage, sub-basins, road network and soil maps, these mappings could make it easier dimensioning the physical size of the studied municipality. The mapping of human use and natural vegetation covering of the years 1986, 1999, 2005 and 2007 was important for the analysis of deforestation in Cacoal, showing that during the 20 years of colonization, the Indian reservation hasn t changed in its area of forest for agricultural purposes, maintaining 25.60% of the total area of the municipality with native forest. The human use was what grew the most during the colonization of the region, therefore, the area of natural vegetation was the most reduced one because in 1986 42.65% of the area was occupied by natural vegetation and 31.31% by men.In 1999, the natural vegetation area fell to 22.49% and the human use area increased to 51.21%. In 2005, the value of natural vegetation occupied area was about 15.95% and the human use area was about 57.75%, therefore, the natural vegetation decreased about 26.70% of its area, while the human use has increased 26.44%. The area of urban influence also increased in the first 12 years, going from 0.24% to 0.52% and these remained in the 8 following years. With this research it s possible to conclude that the mapping of the physical environment and analysis of the deforestation, the municipality has been deforested since the 1980 s and that if the government fails to take measures to make the local population aware of this fact, soon the areas of natural vegetation will no longer exist in the city, which causes serious environmental impacts. This fact commits not only the physical structure of the municipality, but also the people settled there, because they make their living from the land.

This present work aims to analyze the numbers of prevailing and detection of leprosy that make Minas Gerais an area of reproduction of this disease, in areas with notorious economic development such as Uberlandia. It was necessary to review the social construction and the stigmas created around leprosy with an historical perspective, as well as the social production and reproduction of it in Minas Gerais, specifically in Uberlandia, whilst as a public health issue, identifying the impasses and perspectives for the elimination of the disease. It was adopted the following methodological approach: data gathering from the Health Bureau of Uberlandia, Health Bureau of Minas Gerais, DATASUS database and OPS (Pan-American Health Organization); large research on documents related to the Policy of Extermination of Leprosy in Brasil/Minas Gerais/Uberlândia, as well as the history of leprosy, moving back to biblical references. For the consolidation of information in the local context (Uberlândia), interviews were made with the coordinator of the Leprosy Elimination Program of Uberlandia, with the Social Assistant of the Lagoinha neighborhood Basic Health Unit and people of the same neighborhood, always searching for the connection between space construction and the disease perception. The execution of the research provided the conviction that dealing with such a wide subject, which considers not only statistical features, but also people s life and public policies, cannot be delimited by easily manipulated concepts and definitions, when referring to privileged places nationally speaking, the state of Minas Gerais and the city of Uberlândia, where contradictions and poverty situations live with wide offer of good health-care services, if compared to the whole national context. This way, the contribution of this work consists on providing a moment of reflection about the socialspatial, historical and political questions that involve leprosy.