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This dissertation is result of a research made with the movements and organizations who seek land reform that are active in the Triangulo Mineiro/Alto Paranaíba mesoregion of the State of Minas Gereis. In the first chapter, we propose a historical recollection about land reform and how were the discussions of the agrarian policies in the national scenario and in the region. We make a survey of the main agricultural policies to understand the paths of development in the Brazilian countryside. In the second chapter, we present some theoretical reflections about the ones involved in the land struggle process in the region and also seek to understand the role of the Movimento Sindical Rural (Rural Labor Movement) and also of Animação Pastoral Rural , APR, which are the most active movements for land reform in the region. In the third chapter, we explore the history of land struggle in the region, the conquest of Settlement Projects Iturama and Santo Inácio Ranchinho , the trade union FETAEMG and social movements themselves and their difficult history of territorialization: MTL, MLST and MST. We analyze the main types involved in the struggle for land: The social movements fighting for the land" themselves; "organizations "which have a structure equivalent to NGO's - such as the APR - Animação Pastoral e Social no Meio Rural; and the "union movement", mainly represented by FETAEMG - Federation of Agricultural Workers of the State of Minas Gerais and STR's - Rural Workers Union. The methodology comprised a literature review of theses, dissertations, books and interviews aimed at leaders of movements and organizations fighting for land. We emphasize discussions and contributions from the results of interviews conducted during the field work performed during the years 2009 and 2010, which were methodologically fundamental to the wealth of empirical work. We interviewed directors and coordinators of the movements and organizations fighting for land that were identified as leaders of their movement or organization they represent. We understand that today's movements have become more consolidated in the region and begin to organize joint agendas of struggle in a Forum of Struggle for Agrarian Reform in the Triângulo Mineiro / Alto Paranaíba.

Sugarcane brought development to many municipalities in São Paulo state, becoming, over the years, an outstanding characteristic of that state. The municipality of Morro Agudo (SP), located in Ribeirão Preto‟s Mesorregion, has a population of 29.127 inhabitants, according to Brazilian Demographic Census of 2010. From these, 95,85% live in the urban area and 4,15% in the rural one. Due to not having enough workforce in the sugarcane harvest and, due to being one of the biggest sugarcane producers of the state, it was necessary an extent amount of manpower. Therefore, every year, hundreds of migrants coming from Piauí state, and other Northeastern states, began migrating to Morro Agudo at harvest. Some people stayed permanently, others live in the municipality only during the harvest. This paper aimed studying the migration from Piauí state to Morro Agudo (SP). Therefore we sought to understand de population dynamics in the municipality, as well as its organization, its main economic activities and the migration as an influence factor in the local economy and local habits, as sugarcane‟s importance to Morro Agudo‟s economy. The migrants‟ concentration Morro Agudo decreases each year, due to the mechanization of the harvests, the migrants have been seeking new locations, where the sugarcane crops are recent and the hand workforce is still necessary. However, many migrants intend to continue in Morro Agudo. The migration to Morro Agudo is important and necessary; what is essential is to improve the rural workers living conditions so they can have a better life and give their families comfort and a better quality of life.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

The historical evolutions of the Brazilian environmental legislation and the environmental legal thought had followed the society development in relation to the environmental questions. Considering this estimative, this thesis observed the scarcity and/or hydrics resources degradation, recognizing that the water is "the most precious thing of the millennium", putting this question in the geographic and the legal debates. Hydrics Basin of the Uberaba River is fragile; thus the degradation materialized in the withdrawing of the vegetal covering for wood commercialization, agricultural pastures, plantation with agrochemical, soil and the hydrics resources badly use, it was considered as objective of this work to contribute for the preservation and/or the recovery of the municipal hydrics resource, by measures able to assure the water sustainable use. This intention is materialized in the suggestion of a pro-active legal instrument that makes possible the better handling of the hydrics resources supplied by the Uberaba River. For this, we did data-collecting in the draining area of the Uberaba River, based on bibliographical research in an ample quantity of magazines, books, environmental impacts analyses and its consequences about the hydrics outflow reduction. Moreover, we ve used the SIG through Erdas 8,5 software, without supervision, seeming to collect a bigger number of environmental-impacts data and, finally, to develop an pro-active law in the search of the hydrics sustainability of the Uberaba River Basin. The contribution of this thesis is to collaborate with the effectuation of the environmental norms, in form to guarantee a balanced environment , with basis in the environment principles, to the next generation, measure which is materialized in the proactive Law, for hydrical sustainability of the Uberaba River, proposed for this thesis.

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The twofold aim of this work was to survey the physical environment of the municipal district of Araxá MG, using geoprocessing techniques, and to evaluate the evolution occurred in land use in two different periods: 1985 and 2005. Araxá is located in the Alto Paranaíba Macrorregion in Minas Gerais State, between the geographic co-ordinates 19º25 53 - 19°50 09 South latitude and Greenwich 46°44 27 - 47°13 38 West longitude. With an area of 1,166.96km2 and 367km from the capital of Minas Gerais, the city had a population of 78,997 inhabitants in 2000. In order to carry out this work, topographic charts, geomorphologic mapping and 1985 TM/Landsat 5 and 2005 CCD/CBERS satellite images were used. The survey of the physical environment was carried out based on the themes of contour, drainage and the district boundaries that made it possible to prepare the thematic maps of the watersheds, slopes, hypsometry, geomorphology and land use (1985 and 2005). The thematic maps were elaborated using the IDRISI software, which also allowed evaluation of the areas, as well as the cross tabulation between the different thematic maps. From the data analysis, one can verify that the district comprises 10 watersheds of which Ribeirão do Inferno and Marmelo Watersheds are the larger, taking up approximately 42% the municipal area. Slopes greater than 8%, those with relief varying from medially to strongly undulated, predominate the region. The degree of carving of the valley walls varies from weak to strong and drainage density varies from medium to low. Altitudes between 900 and 1200m predominate. The data originated from the maps and tables allowed comparison and analysis of the evolution of land use in the two periods and evaluation of the adequacy of land use according to the physical environment. Ten categories of land use (Pivot, Urban and Mixed Use, Rupestrian Field, Reforestation, Water Bodies, Farming, Mining, Forestry, Pasture and Savanna) were identified and mapped. In 2005, 46.22% of the area of the district was occupied by Pasture, followed by Rupestrian Fields (14.34%), Farming (16.12%) and Forest (15.49%). The other categories presented almost insignificant percentages. Within this twenty-year period, Pasture area was reduced while Farming, Urban and Mixed Use, Reforestation and Mining areas increased. A reclassification was made for the final analyses of land use in Araxá, so that only two categories remained: natural vegetation and anthropic activities. It was concluded that in terrains with high slopes, the larger areas are occupied by natural vegetation, while in terrains with low slopes, anthropic activities occupied the largest area. As for hypsometry, it is verified that in more elevated altitudes the natural vegetation (Rupestrian Field) predominates, and in lower altitudes anthropic activities predominate. The Ribeirão Marmelo Watershed is responsible for 48% of the farming area in the district; 68% of the Rupestrian Fields are located in the Ribeirão do Inferno Watershed; 98% of Mining areas are located in the Córrego do Sal, Ribeirão Capivara and Ribeirão Pirapetinga watersheds; 44% of the remaining Savanna is in the Córrego da Galinha Watershed; 42% of Forested area is located in the Ribeirão Capivara and Córrego Fundo watersheds. Geoprocessing has demonstrated itself as the best technique for achieving more accurate and reliable results. The interpretation of satellite images in different periods associated with other kinds of data (maps, laboratories and field) when integrated in a GIS, permits analysis and evaluation of the geographic space, providing important information to the municipal administrators.

The disease Leishmaniasis is transmitted by the bite of bloodsucking female sand flies infected domestic and wild animals. The construction of hydropower plants (HPP), usually cause environmental changes in its area of influence, which can alter cycle of transmission these diseases, producing outbreaks. This work aims to study sand flies caught in the area of influence by UHE Facão Serra, Goias, Brazil, before, during and after filling the reservoir, relating them to environmental changes and climatic seasonality. Six points were selected for capture of sand flies. These points in the period August 2008 to July 2010 were held 72 catches totaling 216 hours of field work, using traps CDC (Center on Disease Control) and Shannon, in which 6,169 sandflies were captured 16 species of the genus Lutzomyia the following species: L. neivai (Pinto, 1926) (93.51%), L. whitmani (ANTUNES; Coutinho, 1939) (2.33%), L. pessoai (COUTINHO, BARRETO, 1940) (2.35%), L. davisi (ROOT, 1934) (1.07%), L. lenti (Mangabeira, 1938) (0.47%), L. termitophila (Martins, HAWK, SILVA, 1964) (0.21%), L. shannoni (Dyar, 1929) (0.15%), L. misionensis (Castro, 1959), (0.11%), L. christenseni (YOUNG, DUNCAN, 1994) (0.10%), L. mamedei (Oliveira, Afonso; DAYS; BRAZIL) (0.10%), L. quinquefer (Dyar, 1929) (0.05%), L. sallesi (Galvão; Coutinho, 1939) (0.08%), L. lutziana (COSTA LIMA, 1932) (0.05%), L. cortellezzii (COSTA LIMA, 1932) (0.03%), L. flaviscutellata (Mangabeira, 1942) (0.02%), L. sordellii (Shannon, Del Ponte, 1927) (0.02). Among the species captured, four have epidemiological importance because they are incriminated in transmission of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL): Lutzomyia neivai, 5741 specimens captured in six points; Lutzomyia pessoai. 103 caught in five points; Lutzomyia whitmani, captured in 144 Lutzomyia flaviscutellata four points and only one specimen taken at one point. L.neivai was the predominant species in catches, and therefore can be considered as the prime suspect in conveying the etiologic agent of ATL in reservoir area of influence of UHE Facão Serra, given the high prevalence of this species in six points studied. The serious risk of transmission ACL in influence area the reservoir of UHE Facão Serra can be described as follows: during fall and winter, driest periods of year when density of phlebotomine is higher, coinciding with the opening of fishing period, in darkest nights of new moon and last quarter, with temperature range above 5 ° C from evening and winds not exceeding 6 km / h. For the effective control of LTA will be necessary to continue performing actions in health surveillance, monitoring environmental change and territorial reorganization now underway in the region with deployment of real estate and tourism related to formation of lake and also monitoring of disease vectors. Still, educational campaigns should be conducted among the local population, that is a permanent resident in areas of greatest risk of transmission, is floating population that frequents area for recreation, especially on weekends and holidays, to prevent disease transmission .

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

This work had as its objective to evaluate the initial Geography s teacher education on the use of Communication and Information Technologies for the practice of teaching. In the research we had chosen two pioneering institutions in training teachers of Geography in Goiás: the Universidade Federal de Goiás (Goiânia) and Universidade Estadual (Anápolis). The methodology used was the interview with the Teacher educators and questionnaires for teachers in training. The data were analyzed looking for theoretical references which supported this work. Participants were voluntary and signed the Termo Consentimento de Livre Esclarecido, accepted with the project by the Ethics Committee of Universidade Federal de Uberlândia. Inside the work there are information about the terms technical and technology in order to understand the ownership of these concepts in the practice of teaching and teacher educator of and the teachers in training as well as possible ramifications of these concepts in teaching practice in the classroom in basic education. From the analysis of the results, it is observed that teachers in training are similar to those considered digital natives who easily handle these new technological resources. They seek ways theoretical and methodological for CIT in their future practice of teaching in basic education. The results also indicate that the use of the CITs facilitated the work of teachers and also promote the acceleration of time of the class, over the abusive use of copy. The ways of CITs is heavily dependent on the acceptance of the teacher educator to change their teaching in the classroom, since the undergraduate students and future teachers of basic education already incorporate them in their daily profession.

Cette recherche vise à analyser la organisation et réorganisation des groupes culturels populaires. Mes sujets et interlocuteurs sont des groupes de danse de Saint Gonçalo situés entre les villes de Buritizeiro et de Várzea da Palma et des groupes de Folias de Reis entre les villes de Pirapora et São Francisco. Il s'agit de gérer la création de la représentation des formes de culture populaire de toutes sortes (traditionnel, du patrimoine, etc.) par ces acteurs-auteurs dans leurs relations et leurs dialogues auprès de différentes instances et personnes de la société civile : les institutions, les agences locales et le gouvernement, etc. Auprès d'eux et grâce à leurs confidences, j'ai tenté de mieux comprendre comment ils développent différentes stratégies: comment préserver les racines de leurs traditions d'origine; comment certains groupes succombent et disparaissent pratiquement dans ces « temps nouveaux»; comment certains groupes également traditionnels et locaux à l'origine, «entrent vers la modernité» (ou «postmodernité») tout en préservant le contexte de leurs performances rituelles. Je vais élaborer pour bien conceptualiser le par et le pour le peuple pour ensuite présenter comment se fait la représentation. Suivra une réflexion sur les concepts de culture, la culture populaire et le patrimoine culturel. Je compte parmi les acteurs : Raymond Williams, Michel de Certeau, Carlos Brandão, Terry Eagleton, les discours et les témoignages de guides et Santos Reis et fêter, danseurs et musiciens de Saint Gonçalo. Chacun des groupes a cherché une façon de conserver les traditions et s'est ouvert aux innovations de protection, certains allant même accepter des subventions provenant d'entités extérieur à la communauté tel que l État ou des entreprises privées. Alors que certains groupes restent organisés en fonction de leurs modèles plus traditionnels et communautaires, d'autres ont suivi la tendance de plus en plus "moderne" d'institutionnaliser les normes et standards officiels moins importants ou seconds.

This paper proposal is to analyse the reading Mario Palmerio did in his books Vila dos Confins, 1956, and Chapadão do Bugre, 1965, on the national issue based on Triangulo Mineiro's hinterland. On Antonio Carlos Robert Moraes' studies tray, this issue can be outlined as the dilemma of the building of a National State only from its territory, excluding people out of the process. Hinterland constitutes itself as a privileged place to discuss the formation of National State, once it has been always figured as the opposing pole to littoral on the building of a national identity. Many interpretations on wilderness, sometimes as the authentic nationhood cradle, sometimes as element of delay, change according political elite interests. Mario Palmerio books' approximation of an structural world view is based on his biography investigation, related to historical facts that characterized the Vargas' Era and Juscelino Kubitschek's administration towards progress. It is stablished an interconnection between the author's life and achievements with the implantation of capitalism in Brazil, starting from the Proclamation of the Republic Day up until 1964's military coup, under which impact Palmerio wrote Chapadão do Bugre. It is researched in hinterland's readings, featured since Pero Vaz de Caminha's letter until Graciliano Ramos's Vidas Secas and Euclides da Cunha's Sertões, the tradition on which Mario Palmerio's voice fits. The role of intellectuals and writers in the formation of a national mind is questioned, considering many times they are coopted by political leaders only to legitimate their ideological proposal. The analysis of Mario Palmerio's speeches on the Chamber of Deputies contribute to the formation of Brazil's worldview during the process of power transition from municipal spheres to wider spheres, aiming to federate it on a Government encharged of the definition of nation's directions. These analysis altogether form the basis to understanding the author's literary work approach. It is seeked on them the author's attitude facing the enormous contradictions between the speeches of agrarian and urban elite groups in power, anger only to get profit and personal gains, and extreme abandonment of rural population, to whom it was regarded all the blame for the delay and barbarism conditions preventing the full realization of progress. We find, at the end, the author committed to the country's development and his approach that such a development called for investments focused on the effective improvement of the population's quality of life.

This work aims to discuss biodiversity conservation of the savannah through the study of its Legal Reserves. The theme of the research was arisen from the discussion about the viability of the fragments of vegetation represented by the Legal Reserve areas in the Brazilian savannah, as well as the Ecological Corridors for the biodiversity conservation of the biome. Thus, a general objective was set in order to demonstrate the importance of the Legal Reserve for the biodiversity conservation of the savannah, along with specific objectives, such as: to historically contextualize the devastation of the vegetation, mainly in the savannah; to show the savannah dynamics and heterogeneity through the analyses of its constitutive phytophysiognomic types; to perform a critical, multidisciplinary and geographical-juridical analyses of the current Forestry Code including the Law Project 1876/99 which is about to revoke the current code. This analyses covers the prescription referring to the imposed limits for the implementation of the Legal Reserves in the savannah. The methodology applied here is bibliographic. This work took into account the fact that the savannah is an environmental asset which comprises multiple and unique species of fauna and flora that are fundamental to healthy life quality of present and future generations.

The idea to distinguish education in this text was because its importance at the world setting, being everybody worried about the Earth Planet survival. We think the man can be changed just by Education and so, itis necessary to spread the obligation of the Man in front of the Nature, so soon as the first years at school, to avoid that, later, half measures will be done in a desesperate way. Knowing, early, the nature world and its value to the preservation of so many species, mainly the human one, all the respect will be dedicated to its conservation. Researchs have been done with the objective to know, with precision, the knowledge of the envolved persons, about environment, firstly when we are workingl with people who deal with Education. We notice, this way, that there are many things to do with the environment if we desire to change the sad present days, building a new way to have new manners in face of these ex.treme important facts. The best way to go out of these circunstances is to be supported on the holistic philosophy principles that doesn t loose itself in parts and guide ourselves to think about a general, participative and obligated way on a reality that lelongs to everybody.

In Uberlândia, one of the consequences of the allotments closed is the privatization of public spaces for leisure and circulation. The aim of this study is to draw attention to the effects of privatization. The research was developed through the reading of books, journal articles, dissertations, theses, and local news. Also performed the analysis of zoning in comparison to urban policy guidelines provided in the Constitution. It was the mapping of four lots closed in order to confront the appropriation of public spaces, in accordance with the provisions for granting use and urban legislation applicable. The work was divided into four chapters. The first demonstrates how public spaces are produced, what its social function, which instruments of privatization and the difference between condominiums and subdivisions closed. In the second chapter we have an analysis of the New Charter of Athens 2003, which gives rise to discussion on social function and social function of property in the city. The third is dedicated to urban policy, particularly in the urban legislation uberlandense. At last, as is pointed out the privatization of public spaces on four lots closed. The study led us to conclude that privatization of recreational areas and road system undermines the social function of the city and urban and environmental sustainability.

In this masters degree dissertation, distinct knowledge which is daily associated are faced: geography, represented by the wide range of knowledge that includes the environment and social communication, through the economy, politics, social and human areas in which journalism is structured. The main goal of this study is a scientific lookout of TV Integração journalistis ability, as regards: relevance degree of environment points in relation to a list of subjects considering strong sources of news, as well as the quotation of news about the environment among the subjects classified by the journalists as the most important.

The metropolis is a dynamical and complex area, which important role played by it is to meet demands for services, trade, education and infrastructure. The expansion of the metropolis becomes a concern of many scholars, since it is directly linked to the growth of smaller cities, which can still be affected by the proliferation of slums and the lack of infrastructure, dscharacterizing the livelihood of small cities, which enables emergence of new territoriality. The need for new areas to permit the urban growth led to the metropolitan city of Belo Horizonte to the city of Confins to start the construction project of the Tancredo Neves International Airport, in the 1980s. This factor has led to many political conflicts and environmental problems due to the distance of the airport in relation to the metropolis and as a region in which predominates the karst relay. However, despite of these adversities, the Airport was achieved. The study area of this work is located in the north of the capital, the city of Confins, where is installed the Tancredo Neves International Airport. This region tends to introduce a new dynamism with important implications and consequences on the livelihood of residents, triggered by the urbanization process that focused on site. New government projects targeted to this region are being planned and executed, as the creation of a road network to facilitate access to the airport and the proposition of creating a technology park. The goal is to study the influence of the construction of this urban equipment in the small town of Confins. For this, we intend to highlight the specificities of the place, consider the lifestyle of the urban population and the improvements resulting from the government and private investments deployed in the city. The rationale of this study is based on a lack of specific work related to the municipality of Confins and the influence to the development of the place. It is understood that in this case, the process of urbanization is represented by a dynamic metropolis, thus, understanding the urban dynamism contributes to the analysis and discussion of issues of the place and more than that, for the formation of a meaning on the development of small towns through the construction of important works for the integration and development of the country.

The present dissertation debates the changes which have taken place in Balsas/MA since 1980, having the modern agricultural activities as a great responsible. Supported by a globalized agriculture, the urban and rural spaces of this city have undergone a total restructuring of its social and economic bases, becoming, from that moment, urban spaces with rural characteristics as well as rural areas with urban characteristics. In order to accomplish the research, we have organized the dissertation in three chapters, besides the introduction and final considerations. In the first chapter, we present the methodological steps to which we have followed the guidance of the appreciation of the proposed aims, which the present dissertation deals with. In the second chapter, we have done a theoretical methodological study of the endless number of the studies, which have been taken on the countryside-city relation, from the classics to a most contemporary interpretation of this countryside-city dichotomy. In the third chapter describes the changes brought about in Brazilian agriculture, with an emphasis on agriculture Maranhão. Eventually in the fouth chapter, we present the recent changes, which this Maranhense city has undergone since the introduction of a modern agriculture, bringing, in these perspectives, alterations as to both the urban and the rural, placing, this way, Balsas as the locus of this regulation between the countryside and the city. With this, we conclude that Balsas, a city which lies in the south of Maranhão State, integrates the group of the cities which have developed the agricultural business in the Brazilian Northeast interior.

The goal of this study is to make an environmental assessment of the hydrographic basin that disembogues into Trecho de Vazão Reduzida (TVR) of the electric plant of Amador Aguiar as a tool for environmental management. To achieve this goal, several studies such as watershed morphometry, flow monitoring, water quality, precipitation and finally, mapping the evolution of occupation and land use. Through the study of morphometry was possible the analysis of linear elements, and hypsometric aeral of the hydrographic basin of the Trecho de Vazão Reduzida (TVR) of the electric plant of Amador Aguiar I (TVR), which revealed that the single stream in the region that is subject to the major flooding is Marimbondo Stream, which also has the largest range altimeter. Through the monitoring of the flow rate was possible to know the minimum and maximum flow rates recorded during the study period. The study of water quality of streams Barrerinho, Terra Branca and Marimbondo allowed the verification of quality when compared to the same chemical parameters established by the legislation, which were discovered at various values of chemical parameters above those permitted by law, which degrades water quality of streams studied. Monitoring of sediment transport was very important because in addition to the quantification of the same was possible to verify the relationship between flow and amount of transported sediments, which allowed the perception of human influences on the production of sediment. Rainfall monitoring was very important because it is responsible for supplying water from streams in the region, becoming one of the most important sources of energy. The mapping of land use allowed in addition to quantifying the various types of uses, and the dynamics of evolution of those whose management is very important for maintaining water quality within the study area. We also found that various types of land uses in the region are undergoing a process of stabilization in relation to the amount of area occupied. The various elements studied in this research showed that human action is largely responsible for environmental degradation which directly reflects the quality of water that has direct relationships with the use and management of the land.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior