RCAAP Repository

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

The globalisation of the capital na trading prometed a quick strengthening of the big networks active in the Market, making it more and more competitive and exclusionary. Compete with these networks in a balanced way, is a big challenge for the small and big businessmen. With the purpose to establish an equity between the small and the medium companies, in relation to the big networks, new trade techniques are presented, and new strategies are implemented in order to achieve the market and the consumers. It s in this context that appears the associativism between the small and medium companies that seek to strengthen to face the challenges imposed by the growth of the commercial networks. Not differently from other segments, the pharmaceutical commerce also adheres new practices as the associativism, seeking, through the joint action, higher competitiveness. Through this strategy, the networks have the power to negotiate deadlines, purchases and marketing actions, such as, the ones that give higher competitiveness. Aiming to study the changes that have occurred to the pharmaceutical commerce, this work has as the main objective to analyze the main commercial and local strategies used by the associativists netwoks that act in the Triângulo Mineiro Mesoregion and Alto Paranaíba, with an emphasis to the associations that are being formed with the aim to strengthen the small and medium companies that act in the local pharmaceutical branch. The small and medium bisinnessmen face many difficulties, mainly when the competitiveness becomes the differential able to gain the consumers and make them allied to the process of growth and expansion of the market. To adapt to a market more and more demanding, with a new economic and commercial form, imposed by the globalization of the capital, becomes the big challenge for many companies. To face the difficulties, it s necessary to find new and effective strategies that establish combinations such as, the multiples alliances that provide the growth of small and medium companies that act in the same commercial branch, as it is the study aim of this research. The small and medium businessmen face many difficulties such as, qualified labour, the inaccessibility to innovative products due to the high prices, the innovative products due to the high prices, the informal competition, the excessive bureaucracy to get access to credit and even, the lack of experience in administrating his own business. The associativism can be considered a good strategy, since it has provided the companies, overcome part of these difficulties, promoting the improvement of their logistic activities, bigger facilities to access credits, advice in the business management and the extension of the profits. Providing therefore, an alternative way to the small and medium businessman that face the retailer concentration dominated by the big networks. Through the formation of the associativist netwoks, there is a chance that the small and medium companies become quicker, more flexible, and more competitive.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Order to understand the way in which it sued the construction of national identity and the Brazilian territorial formation in the context of the eighteenth-century Minas Gerais, we ve tried doing it in the light of the literary works of poets conspiracy. So, we chose Villa Rica from Claudio Manuel da Costa; Cartas chilenas from Tomas Antonio Gonzaga and Canto Genetlíaco from Inácio José de Alvarenga Peixoto. Working in the intersection between geography and literature, we seek to combine the artistic expressions of the agents who actually participated in the Minas Conspiracy to storms that formed the society of the eighteenth century mining and spatial components. In this sense, the poetry of the conspiracy was essential to analyze the condition of the mining captaincy just as it was presented. Some elements have been invaluable in assisting us in this analysis, such as understanding the concept of sertão for that locale and period as well as their occupation and isolation condition, the development and decay of the gold cycle and the relationships established between Minas Gerais and the captaincies of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro in order to subsequently compose together a single independent nation of Portugal . Understand also the colonial relations between Brazil and Portugal was vital to assess the reasons that the mining elite to unite around a movement that, fortified by dissatisfaction with the Portuguese managed under the colony, had the intention of transforming the Minas Gerais and perhaps São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, in an independent territory. In addition to the political and economic issues that motivated the movement die conspirator, there were still those of an ideological character, which were essential to characterize the motions involved. This time, we turn our gaze to the acquired inspiration from Enlightenment ideological current that valued clarity and rationality and that was widely studied and used by poets conspiracy. Coupled with the Enlightenment was also the Arcadian literary current that enabled the conspirators poets express their ideas. Therefore, we tried to consider all those aspects involving expressive subjects ( GOLDMANN, 1979 ) around the same ideal in order to reveal not only the worldview ( GOLDMANN, 1979) reflected in literary works, but also the reality of Minas Gerais of the eighteenth-century, expressed in literary texts.

This study was carried out to characterize and define the degree of environmental vulnerability, caused by urban sprawl in the watershed of the stream Guaribas in Uberlândia - MG. At first, we identify the physical attributes of the basin, through analysis of satellite images and field visits, as well as defining the dynamics of the use and occupation of land, to enable the assessment of whether the use of compliance with the environment and the type of relief, soils and rock materials found within the basin area legislation. The basin covers part of the urban and rural area of Uberlândia - MG. The analysis of land use in the years 1979, 1997, 2007, 2009, 2011 and 2013 indicated that the natural vegetation lost ground initially for agriculture and later agriculture has lost ground for grazing, and this is the type of use and predominant occupation within the limits of the basin today. With regard to urban sprawl , we found that since 1979 , some areas of the basin , were already being prepared for such use; in 1997 the urban occupation became the third type of use and occupation of most identified soil within the basin area and the second , from 2007. Environmental vulnerability maps indicated that, overall, the basin of the stream of howlers, with its distinctive natural features, has a predisposition to relatively high levels of vulnerability, which were intensified by human presence near the stream.

The study touches the matter of how the construction of geographical knowledge with handicapped children between the ages of zero to five works. The motivation to make this work was due to believing the great importance of approaching Geography in Children s Education. This work with included children in regular schools presents itself very premature and signals the need to research, study and contribute more. Through my own experience as an Elementary School teacher and seeing the diverse ways of working which I found, it s perceivable how important is the teacher s formation, as well as the capacity and involvement with new approaches. To know a little better the initiation process and the work developed with handicapped children, and what are the demands and the possible professional goals, we developed an internship in two municipal schools of Uberlandia where we could perceive that there has been an evolution when analyzing the Institutions that attend the children not only with providing space where they will be taken care of and can play freely, because we also perceived the understanding that it s a learning and stimulating space, of planned, directed and evaluated work. However, the Inclusion still happens in an ineffective way, leaving a lot of space to improve. It is in this sense of seeking new knowledge that we seek to advance.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

The debate about of Small Hydropower Plants (SHPs) if to justify as it is necessary to understand how this kind of hydropower production go if agglomeration in different regions of Brazil, which the discussion if based in appropriation more sustainable the natural assets for national progress. The goal is discussion through academic reading and legislative, the forward and rewind of main standards and issues governing about of subject, beyond the seek to understand how the reformulation normative to meet the wishes that investors, but otherwise promote the detriment that environment issues. Subsequently, proceeded to analysis of River Basin Paranaíba as general scenario of the actual and future overview progress of SHPs. From this analysis focused in state of Minas Gerais as political agent that acts more towards in order to ensure the production of energy, benefiting the entrepreneur than its population. Moreover, within this broad scenario, brings up some inserts of SHP Malagone in Uberlândia - MG as demonstrative scenario of changes caused by the massive hydroelectric option.

This work has for objective to understand the political, economical and social processes that influence the construction of the urban space of Caldas Novas (GO). The paradisiacal image impels, in the present time, the leisure tourism, with the exploration of is thermal waters. A symbolic space reinforces the political speech of the largest tourist pole of Goiás and materializes the city that increases at any price. The tourism, at the same time that open job vacance, segregate the ugly side of the city: the poor and their precarious houses. The tourism slash the city and submit it to speculation. To prepare the city for the tourist imposed to Caldas Novas architectural and urban pattern that accentuated the differences, reinforcing the characteristics of a segregated and fragmented city.

Contemplando el modelo brasileño de áreas protegidas, esta disertación constituye una lectura del Sistema Nacional de Unidades de Conservación de la Naturaleza (SNUC) como un instrumento de ordenamiento territorial. Se trata de la problematización de las unidades de conservación en el país y la investigación de su objetivo, la protección ambiental, en la calidad de norma, como orientación de usos en esos compartimientos del territorio y su pretendida articulación sistémica. La discusión se inicia en el campo teórico con los conceptos de espacio, ambiente y territorio comprendido como territorio usado y las nociones de protección, preservación y conservación ambiental. Pensando la actuación del Estado en el territorio, la discusión se vuelve para las políticas públicas, con una reflexión respecto al ordenamiento territorial y su dimensión ambiental, cuando se llega a la discusión sobre las áreas protegidas. Analizando el histórico de la actuación del Estado para las dimensiones territorial y ambiental de la planificación estatal, la discusión se vuelve para la estructuración del modelo brasileño de áreas protegidas, hasta la aprobación del SNUC. Por fin la discusión contempla la implementación del SNUC y sus implicaciones geográficas identificando el conjunto de las unidades de conservación como indicativas de una situación geográfica caracterizada por la difusión de la protección ambiental como norma en la dinámica de uso del territorio brasileño y el mérito del SNUC como un instrumento de ordenamiento territorial.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

The present dissertation was developed from the need to rethink the teaching of geography to visually impaired students concerning the landscape concept. In order to do that the main goal was the creation of sensory didactic material using the experiences lived by the students of Instituto Benjamin Constant (IBC) in the landscape that composes it. It was also necessary a reflection on special and inclusive education in the world and in Brazil, particularly nowadays in Brazil with an inclusive perspective in which legislation has advanced greatly. To present IBC and how it organizes itself as a center of reference was also of the utmost importance, as it is necessary a historical recovery of the teaching of geography in this centenarian and pioneer institution, due to the fact that the first tactile didactic materials used in the teaching of these students were there. The methodology used by teachers is a differential from the moment that several languages are employed to develop the teaching of geography in the IBC, and through their accounts this knowledge was presented and recovered. Geography is build up from learning experiences that go beyond the classroom and therefore the use of sensory didactic resources will add up to the teaching and learning process making the construction of a multisensory landscape possible. Thus, by means of sensory activities, materials which may help students in the understanding of the landscape concept were devised, making the use of the senses real. The theoretical reference was based on Tuan (2012) and Soler (1999) to think this multisensory landscape. Therefore, to think of a meaningful geographic education, independent of the student and the reality that surrounds him, is very important in an inclusive society.

The familiar agricultural production presents important regional particularitities, consequently its socioeconomic reproduction also becomes diversified, justifying the great social inequalities in the Brazilian agricultural way. It is possible to perceive that throughout the years, the familiar production if became a category kept out of society for not having access all the set of attributes that must follow the technological innovation. In this manner, also the difficulty is recognized that the familiar producers have in if locating in the market, being the commercialization of its products the objective most difficult to reach. Thus, the present work presents an analysis on the paper of the agricultural associative as one of the strategies that the familiar producers use, in the fight for the permanence in the agricultural way it city of Palmas-TO. For this, one searched to understand the agricultural development of the city, being analyzed the paper of the agricultural and agrarian politics for the familiar agricultural production, beyond understanding and characterizing the specified socioeconomic of the Community of Great Taquaruçu, as well as the insertion of the familiar agricultural production in the Palmas-TO by means of the associative.

L\'enquête a été menée dans la municipalité du comté de Canápolis situé dans la région centrale de Triangulo Mineiro / Alto Parnaíba, dans l\'état de Minas Gerais. Examiné dans le premier chapitre de la formation territoriale du comté où l\'accent a été d\'analyser les histoires et les documents historiques afin de comprendre comment la ville est venu. Dans le deuxième chapitre, nous insistons sur les politiques publiques qui se sont matérialisés plantations de canne à sucre dans la municipalité, appelées par l\'installation de deux usines de canne à sucre et intemperes causés par l\'insertion des cultures de canne à sucre, à deux reprises, 1980 (première extension des cultures) et 2000 (deuxième extension des cultures). Le troisième chapitre correspond à l\'étude des liens territoriaux de producteurs d\'ananas dans la municipalité de Canápolis montrant les (re) petits exploitants inventions d\'ananas à continuer à cultiver les fruits, même avec les difficultés offertes par le bail. Dans le quatrième chapitre, nous énumérons l\'ananas fête organisée dans la ville comme une possibilité de comprendre la situation des producteurs d\'ananas dans la municipalité de Canápolis donc c\'est un événement où les producteurs se rencontrent et le dialogue sur les tensions, montrant implicitement et explicitement leur territorialité. Le parti est également utilisé comme une occasion de renforcer les liens de producteurs d\'ananas territoriales dans le comté. Avec l\'avancée de l\'agrobusiness principalement la canne à sucre, les producteurs d\'ananas ont souffert et ont réagi les impositions de divers ordres et a dû (re) production et l\'adaptation de continuer à vivre comme les agriculteurs. On remarque que la présence de l\'usine de sucre et la capitale associé, les producteurs d\'ananas ont lieux subi des transformations dans le paysage et la vie quotidienne des producteurs. Compte tenu de cette situation, nous critique sur la condition des petits producteurs d\'ananas, c\'est à dire, à l\'avance des zones de canne où ils produiront? Comment va exister et de produire? Restera zone possible pour ces petits agriculteurs restent sur la terre produire des aliments de base? Comment sont résolus ou non résolus de l\'étrangeté? Compte tenu de cet ensemble d\'intérêts, s\'approchaient de plus en plus les petits producteurs d\'ananas et de chercher à identifier et analyser leur situation socio-spatiale réelle et, en fait, sont \"débordés\" par les grandes cultures de la canne à sucre. Cependant, il est important d\'examiner les moyens d\'agir ou réagir à la présence de la canne à sucre qui les entourent. Nous avons effectué le travail de terrain pour observer les paysages de la canne à sucre et d\'étudier la dynamique des moyens d\'existence des producteurs d\'ananas, de penser des liens territoriaux. Les résultats empiriques issus de vivencias nous établissons avec les petits producteurs d\'ananas qui vivent ou qui ont leur cultures d\'ananas entouré par la canne à sucre.

The consumption of fresh foods like fruits and vegetables without proper sanitization poses risks to human health, since such foods may be contaminated, being transmitters of various diseases. The water used for irrigation and washing these vegetables, as well as the transport vehicles and bunkers which are exposed to marketing represent possible sources of such contamination, compromising the quality of the product, and especially human health. The objective of this work was to study the contamination for total coliforms and Escherichia coli, in specific. In lettuce sold in an open market of Uberlândia-MG, analyzing the chain of production and marketing of lettuces and the microbiological quality of these sites in production in transport and marketing. Samples of irrigation and wash water and lettuces in each garden, and swab samples and lettuce were harvested in the means of transport and on newsstands. Was determined by colony forming unit (CFU / g or ml) of coliforms, fecal coliforms (E. coli), through the use of multiple tubes pretifilm technique (APHA, 2005). Was used for the water quality standard established by Resolution No. 357 of the National Environmental Council, CONAMA, and lettuces used the parameters of ANVISA, the DRC n0 12. Upon analysis of the samples was observed that will both irrigation water and wash as the means of transportation and banking are possible sources of microbiological contamination for total coliforms and in some cases even for fecal coliform as E.coli. Of total lettuce samples analyzed, 100% were within the standards established by the legislation, which is 10 ² CFU / g for both lettuce collected in production as those that were collected in transport and banking. Only lettuce 2 stalls showed the presence of E. coli, however these were among the limits allowed by law. In lettuce samples collected at the site of production and transportation is no presence of E. coli, which enables us to say that this contamination occurred in banking, during the process of marketing it were detected. Unlike other authors who have developed similar to that which presented significant research and / or high counts of fecal coliforms and E. coli, this research this requirement was considered satisfactory, and therefore analyzed the lettuces are fit for human consumption. Despite this finding the cleaning and sanitizing still leaking necessary since the total coliform count was significant in all analyzes. We can conclude from this work that although contamination by E. coli were not very significant and are within tolerable parameters, and in some cases present themselves absent, the risks of contamination exist throughout the chain of production, from planting to commercialization.

This work discusses the middle regionTriangulo Mineiro/ Alto Paraníba\'s process of insertion and expansion of the sugar cane plantation. The questions that come to light from this work related to the lands of expansion of sugar cane plantation will be answered and mapped, among them, that which stood out in the years 2000 - 2010 and 2013. During the Brazilian history, sugar cane farming went through several economic cycles, which in short was caused by internal and external factors of the economy, competitions with foreign sugar cane, among other factors. The transformation of the landscape brought about by sugar cane is notorious, above all the conversion of native vegetation areas, that have occured in favor of the expansion of the agricultural economy. Now a landscape composed by vast areas of pastures and monocultures framed the main Brazilian economy. Since the area from the middle region of Triangulo Mineiro / Alto Parnaíba (approximately 9,054,500 acres) in 2000 had a 329 561 sugar cane hectares mapped land, increasing to 9,054,500 hectares in 2010, it summed up 872 167 hectares in three years. The intensification of sugar cane plantation is influenced by the neighboring states Goiás and São Paulo, which facilitated the process of inserting the monoculture in the regions of Triangulo Mineiro / Alto Parnaíba, with the installation of sugar cane mills, logistics infrastructure, and technological advances researches. The Uberaba and frutal\'s micro region stands out among the micro areas analyzed with the process of expansion of sugar cane plantation, showing up a strong initial insertion, as well as a continuum of intensity. In the period 2000-2013 the Uberaba\'s micro-region indicated an increase about 102% of areas. The Frutal\'s micro area showed up an increase about 114% of areas in the same period.