RCAAP Repository

This article explores the flight of indigenous communities from Philippine lowlands into mountain spaces, a frequent and widespread response to Spanish colonization in the seventeenth century. During this period, indigenous zones of refuge were not exceptional but present in almost every part of Luzon and the Visayas. The shared history of flight and resistance frustrated the ambitions of Spanish missionaries and military commanders for much of the colonial period and beyond. In the uplands, indigenous communities made use of local geographies and ecologies to bolster their resistance and maintain their autonomy. In dialogue with recent scholarship on colonial frontiers and indigenous hinterlands, this article challenges the perception of a colonial dominance that spread inexorably across the archipelago in the seventeenth century. It offers a new perspective on the history of colonization and confronts the perceived upland-lowland divide that has typified Southeast Asian historiography, demonstrating that upland and lowland spaces had shared histories of resistance, migration, and trade throughout the colonial period.

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Este ensaio cuida de examinar a possibilidade de a sentença constitutiva poder ser vir como título executivo, em razão do surgimento de um direito a uma prestação como efeito anexo dessa decisão judicial

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The present dissertation approaches the theme of memory preservation in association to the celebration of the dead and considers the monument as a form of attaining that purpose, relating the work of Christian Boltanski with the notion of memorial. It presents a summary of the ways by which the memory of the dead has been preserved since Prehistory to the 20th century and refers to the contemporary monument, considering the diverging positions between the anti-monument and the conventional monument. Historical and biographic data concerning Boltanski are approached, as well as the influence of the Holocaust on his work. The importance of communication and the proximity between his work and the audience is referred to and a reading that places his work within the concept of memorial is proposed. There is a comparison made between the notions of memorial and monument, as well as between Boltanski’s work and the notions of conventional monument and anti-monument. Regarding the practical project, the cemetery is analyzed as being both a monument and a memorial, respectively seen as a whole or considered as group of individual memorials, the tombs, which intend to celebrate particular individuals. Several points in common between the cemetery and Boltanski’s work, regarding their commemorative intentions, are approached, as well as differences and similarities between cemetery memorials and the different typologies of the monument. The photographic project refers specifically to the wish of immortalizing the memory of the dead through simple and small-sized memorials, in the form of flowers and religious objects placed on the tombs