RCAAP Repository

In contrast with the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, only a few general nautical charts were produced in the Portuguese East Indies after 1650. André Pereira dos Reis, a native of Goa who served the Portuguese Crown as a soldier and pilot, is the only cartographer known to have attempted a systematic representation of the coasts between the Cape of Good Hope and Timor [...]

The Portuguese tradition of mapping the empire’s towns and fortresses in the East Indies on the eve of the Enlightenment is well illustrated by the “Livro das plantas de todas as fortalezas, cidades e povoações do Estado da Índia Oriental” from 1635. This work includes fi fty-two views and plans drawn or collected by Pedro Barreto de Resende, the secretary of the viceroy of India, together with texts by the chronicler António Bocarro [...]

Actualmente existem muitas doenças que são alvo de investigação, sendo exemplo o melanoma, um cancro de pele maligno. Apesar dos mecanismos e vias envolvidos no desenvolvimento e aparecimento deste tipo de cancro estarem já bem estudados, ainda não se encontrou o tratamento ideal. Os triazenos, uma sub-classe dos agentes anti-tumorais alquilantes, têm sido usados no tratamento do melanoma metastático. No entanto, verificou-se que havia alguma falta de especificidade destes agentes alquilantes para com as células tumorais. Como tal, tem-se vindo a desenvolver novas abordagens que possam melhorar a especificidade dos triazenos e assim proporcionar melhores resultados terapêuticos, sendo tema do corrente projecto duas dessas novas abordagens. A primeira a ser abordada vai ser a metodologia anti-tumoral Antibody-Directed- Enzyme Prodrug Therapy (ADEPT), a qual se caracteriza pela introdução de um complexo enzima-anticorpo, em que o anticorpo é específico para um determinado antigénio no tumor e o enzima é específico para um determinado pró-fármaco de um anti-tumoral. O pró-fármaco será injectado numa segunda fase, levando assim à libertação do fármaco após activação na zona afectada. Numa primeira fase, propomonos desenvolver dois pró-fármacos de anti-tumorais, os quais consistem na junção da cefalosporina GCLE, bom substrato para o enzima β-lactamase, e do anti-tumoral monometiltriazeno (MMT). Procederam-se a diversas tentativas para a síntese destes dois pró-fármacos, não se tendo obtido os pró-fármacos desejados, embora se tenha obtido sucesso em várias fases da síntese. A segunda metodologia corresponde a uma abordagem anti-tumoral denominada por Melanocyte-Directed Enzyme Prodrug Therapy (MDEPT), a qual se baseia numa propriedade que os melanomas têm, que consiste na presença em excesso de um enzima nos melanócitos, o tirosinase. Nesta segunda parte do projecto, sintetizaram-se quatro compostos, constituídos por um bom substrato para o enzima tirosinase e um triazeno, o qual vai variando no substituinte do anel aromático. Após a sua síntese, purificação e caracterização espectroscópica, realizaram-se estudos de estabilidade em tampão fosfato pH=7.4, 0.01 M, e em plasma humano 80% (v/v), bem como estudos cinéticos frente ao enzima, recorrendo à técnica de HPLC, para se verificar a sua possível utilização na abordagem terapêutica MDEPT. Através dos resultados obtidos nos estudos realizados, foi possível concluir-se que os pró-fármacos de triazenos sintetizados são possíveis pró fármacos a usar na metodologia MDEPT, uma vez que são compostos estáveis em plasma e apresentam tempos de semi-vida reduzidos quando em presença do enzima tirosinase, o que leva à rápida libertação do MMT. De modo a confirmar se a libertação do triazeno desencadeada pela acção do enzima tirosinase corresponde a uma acção na ponte peptídica ou se é devido ao reconhecimento do grupo fenol da tirosina, realizou-se um ensaio controlo em que se procedeu a um ensaio enzimático com um composto que não possuía o grupo fenol da tirosina, o acetil-fenilalanina-MMT-CN. Verificou-se que o tempo de semi-vida se apresentava próximo dos valores já anteriormente alcançados em estudos de estabilidade em tampão fosfato, pelo que a presença do grupo fenol é essencial na libertação do triazeno.

Several non-profit cultural organisations opened up public spaces during the financial crisis in Lisbon with a particular concentration in the Anjos neighbourhood. These organisations promote different activities, ranging from debates, exibitions, traditional dancing, activist cinema to bars. This article aims to convey the transformative role they played for individuals, the neighbourhood and the city. Although facing challenges over organisational sustainability as they are not publicly funded, these organisations do seem to have reinvented the mission of the century-old recreational societies through their convivial and transdisciplinary activities. Based on documental analysis and interviews with different actors, we map this vibrant neighbourhood and show that these hybrid organisations represent what cultural democracy may today look like, while providing resilient responses to the contextual challenges.

Nas últimas décadas, as Geografias portuguesa e brasileira desenvolveram estudos importantes sobre as respectivas histórias disciplinares (Valverde, 1984; Gaspar, 1985; Machado, 2009; Pimenta, Sarmento & Azevedo, 2011; Silva, 2012). Não obstante, persiste uma lacuna relativa ao diálogo entre as duas comunidades científicas, lacuna essa que apenas alguns estudos têm tentado corrigir (Rebelo, 2006; Cunha & Jacinto, 2012). Esta falha é particularmente relevante no caso da Geografia académica-universitária de Portugal e do Brasil porquanto sabemos que a generalidade das disciplinas vizinhas – História, Antropologia, Sociologia, Ciência Política, para além dos Estudos Literários e Culturais e da própria História da Ciência – encetaram há muito o estudo crítico dos diálogos recíprocos realizados durante o século XX, com especial ênfase para aqueles que relevam do contexto colonial e da ditadura (Castelo, 1999; Paulo, 2000; Lemos & Leite, 2002; Gobbi, Fernandes & Junqueira, 2002; Bastos, Almeida & Feldman-Bianco, 2002; Sarmento & Guimarães, 2010, 2012, 2015; Fiolhais, Simões & Martins, 2011; Nunes & Freire, 2013; Silva, Frangella, Aboim & Viegas, 2015; Cardão, 2014; Castelo & Cardão, 2015; Martuscelli, 2016; Menezes & Sousa, 2017). Pretendemos contribuir para mitigar esta lacuna abordando a presença dos temas e da Geografia brasileira na produção geográfica portuguesa.

Aroldo de Azevedo e Orlando Ribeiro foram figuras proeminentes da Geografia lusófona. Aroldo de Azevedo foi professor de Geografia na Universidade de São Paulo entre 1945 e 1967, tendo sido o primeiro professor catedrático de Geografia no Brasil (Müller, 1974). Orlando Ribeiro foi professor de Geografia na Universidade de Lisboa entre 1943 e 1981, onde criou o Centro de Estudos Geográficos em 1943 e lançou a Finisterra – Revista Portuguesa de Geografia em 1966 (Garcia, 1998; Paiva, 2013). Tanto Azevedo como Ribeiro foram fortemente influenciados por conceitos e categorias próprios da epistemologia de Vidal de la Blache, «pai fundador» da Escola francesa de Geografia. Durante as respectivas carreiras, foram figuras centrais no estabelecimento do pensamento vidaliano nas academias brasileira e portuguesa, tendo influenciado uma geração de geógrafos lusófonos.

No summary/description provided

A wider characterization of indoor air quality during sleep is still lacking in the literature. This study intends to assess bioburden before and after sleeping periods in Portuguese dwellings through active methods (air sampling) coupled with passive methods, such as electrostatic dust cloths (EDC); and investigate associations between before and after sleeping and bioburden. In addition, and driven by the lack of information regarding fungi azole-resistance in Portuguese dwellings, a screening with supplemented media was also performed. The most prevalent genera of airborne bacteria identified in the indoor air of the bedrooms were Micrococcus (41%), Staphylococcus (15%) and Neisseria (9%). The major indoor bacterial species isolated in all ten studied bedrooms were Micrococcus luteus (30%), Staphylococcus aureus (13%) and Micrococcus varians (11%). Our results highlight that our bodies are the source of the majority of the bacteria found in the indoor air of our homes. Regarding air fungal contamination, Chrysosporium spp. presented the highest prevalence both in after the sleeping period (40.8%) and before the sleeping period (28.8%) followed by Penicillium spp. (23.47% morning; 23.6% night) and Chrysonilia spp. (12.4% morning; 20.3% night). Several Aspergillus sections were identified in air and EDC samples. However, none of the fungal species/strains (Aspergillus sections Fumigati, Flavi, Nidulantes and Circumdati) were amplified by qPCR in the analyzed EDC. The correlations observed suggest reduced susceptibility to antifungal drugs of some fungal species found in sleeping environments. Toxigenic fungal species and indicators of harmful fungal contamination were observed in sleeping environments.

A utilização da precipitação estimada pelo algoritmo Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) é recente, com menos de uma década, envolvendo já algumas dezenas de pesquisas realizadas por autores estrangeiros em várias regiões do globo. Para o arquipélago de Cabo Verde não foi feita ainda nenhuma investigação neste domínio, daí a importância de realizar uma primeira avaliação do potencial de utilização destes dados. Esta investigação tem como objetivo principal avaliar a qualidade da precipitação estimada por satélites, tendo sido utilizados dados da precipitação observada (cedidos pelo Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia e Geofísica - INMG) e estimada (disponibilizados pela National Aeronautics and Space Administration - NASA), efetuando uma validação e comparação com dados estimados na resolução espacial de 0,1 ° e 0,2 °(latitude x longitude) e no período de estudo (2014-2018, escalas anual, mensal e diária), usando as seguintes métricas estatísticas: Erro médio, Kling–Gupta Efficiency (KGE), Heidke Skill Score (HSS) e gráficos de dispersão. Aplicadas as métricas para a avaliação da qualidade da precipitação estimada, verificou-se que os dados com resolução temporal mais grosseira (anuais, mensais) permitem obter melhores resultados, com erros menores. Assim, os dados anuais, comparativamente aos dados mensais, apresentaram erros menores, e do mesmo modo se constatou com os dados mensais em relação aos diários. O estudo mostrou que o algoritmo IMERG, quando utilizado para calcular o total da precipitação recebida num período, quer anualmente, quer mensalmente, é eficaz, apresentando resultados bastante satisfatórios, com valores da precipitação estimada perto do valor real da precipitação observada. Em contrapartida, quando o algoritmo IMERG é usado para a estimação de um evento chuvoso diário, a percentagem de acerto é baixa.

This Master´s Project Work in Museology and Museography, is the creation of an exhibition and due course, based in three interconnected thematic nuclei that have as one of main objectives, to make know to the reader of this work and to a future public some of the objects that belong to the spoils of three of the six philharmonic bands of Mafra County, and through them, alert people to the need to preserve them so that they do not disappear and be enjoyed by future generations. In order to better understand which objects would be more relevant to the exhibit, I began by surveying the stories of these bands, which allowed me to understand the paths since the dates of their foundations and thus determine that there were some objects linked to moments and remarkable dates – along with some that I knew were indispensable to present – that would be important in helping to better understand the idea that is intended to be conveyed with this work. Later I began to select from a series of object those that would effectively integrate the project, and to think about the most logical way to group them, thus reaching the three thematic nuclei that constitute the division between the photographs, uniforms and banners that are part of the first core, and introduce the people who make up the bands, in the second core, we will have some scores and instruments that focus on the work done, and the tools need it to do it, and finally we will have the pennants, trophies, among others that show us a part of the result of all the work these bands do. In addition to mounting the exhibition, we will also have a characterization of the municipality of Mafra, which allow us to understand the sociocultural context in which these bands were evolving until today.

This thesis is concerned on live portrait drawing. It looks forward the reasoning that lies between the analysis of the face and the making of the drawing. This judgement, which belongs to the live observation drawing, is built over ancient and complex knowledge. The drawing reasoning, defended here, is the basis for the accomplishment of the portrait. To support this point, in one hand, the old treatises are thoroughly reviewed in what concerns to portraiture, and, in the other hand, the theories about physiognomy are studied in detail. They are a testimony of the man’s long quest to know his inner side from his outer traits. From this theoretical merging the processes involved in how the drawing traits are coincident with the face’s own, becomes clear. Furthermore, following some philosophic theories, it is found out that it is during the portraying action that the drawing reveals better what expresses the face, as the human expression, each second threatened to change, envelops the act of drawing in a quick fugacity. This drives the portrait to focus on essentials and to search, in the changing appearance, its identity and meaning. Although the scope of this thesis restricts itself to live portrait, it can be also a starting point to further studies on drawing of the human head. But out of this delimitation, the drawing is here rehabilitated, once it is found out that, today as always, drawing the face is an essential act of knowledge. It doesn’t end in the features of the portrayed one. In fact, for the artist, as a personal experience, the live portraying is a celebration of the human kind, as full of Life as it is of Death.

Este ensaio pretende rever as relações pós-coloniais presentes na obra O Meu Nome é Legião, de António Lobo Antunes, a partir de uma perspetiva geográfica. A narrativa polifónica de Lobo Antunes permite o sobrepor de diferentes representações sociais e espacialidades, construindo uma imagem complexa da condição pós-colonial lisboeta do Século XXI. Neste romance, é visível como as fronteiras mentais do colonialismo são transpostas para o espaço urbano metropolitano e moldam o mesmo. As relações sociais das personagens oscilam entre a alteridade e o hibridismo em espaços que são simultaneamente fronteira e heterotopia. Começaremos por debater estes quatro conceitos para, de seguida, refletirmos sobre algumas constantes na escrita de Lobo Antunes em relação às temáticas pós-coloniais. Numa segunda fase passar-se-á à análise do texto em si, caracterizando-se as representações sociais e geográficas das várias personagens da obra.

Ainda que a constituição da geografia enquanto disciplina universitária tenha sido assente numa abordagem de pesquisa essencialmente visual, os geógrafos têm expandido a sua perspetiva em direção a uma abordagem multissensorial2 . Neste âmbito, assume destaque uma maior exploração do som, tanto enquanto objeto de estudo como enquanto instrumento de pesquisa. Hoje, existe um manancial significativo de métodos geográficos exclusivamente assentes na recolha, tratamento e análise de dados sonoros, e métodos tradicionais como a cartografia, a entrevista ou o diário têm sido adaptados para uma maior atenção ao conhecimento aural. Nesta viragem para o sonoro está implícita uma maior valorização do escutar enquanto método de observação geográfica. Deve ser salientado que o escutar não é uma ferramenta nova para os geógrafos. Escutar faz há muito tempo parte das metodologias geográficas – por exemplo, quando percorremos a paisagem ou quando ouvimos pessoas que entrevistamos –, mas apenas recentemente tem sido dada atenção crítica ao potencial epistemológico desta prática aparentemente simples3 . Em particular, tem sido salientado que o som pode oferecer-nos informação ambiental que não obtemos de outra forma quando a sua fonte não é acessível através de outros sentidos, o que é comum em várias paisagens4 . Por outro lado, o som – através de inflexões vocais, de música, ou de outras práticas sonoras afetivas – providencia-nos informação emocional e codificada que não é facilmente transcrita para texto5 . Por último, o ambiente sonoro é um campo de partilha e mistura, e por isso, um terreno fértil para explorar temas relacionados com a formação de comunidades e coexistência6 . Por estes motivos, escutar tem sido reconhecido como um método geográfico de excelência, mas não sem os seus limites. Cingir a pesquisa geográfica ao escutar pode deixar silêncios que escondem os mais vulneráveis7 . Assim, a pesquisa sonora resulta melhor quando enquadrada numa combinação de métodos, ou quando a pesquisa assume um âmbito multi- ou pelo menos, intersensorial. Neste curto ensaio, abordo o potencial do escutar enquanto método geográfico, elencando vários métodos que têm sido transformados ou apropriados por geógrafos, para depois refletir brevemente sobre outras possibilidades dos métodos sonoros.

Angiogenesis is the formation of new blood vessels from pre‐existing ones. This process is regulated by a balance between pro‐ and anti‐angiogenic molecules and is derailed in various diseases, such as cancer. Radiotherapy is a commonly‐used treatment for cancer. However, recent studies suggest that ionizing radiation (IR) doses delivered inside the tumor target volume during fractionated radiotherapy can stimulate invasion and metastasis through effects on cancer cells but also on other elements of the microenvironment. Furthermore, radiotherapy results also in the delivery of doses lower that the therapeutic ones to the tissues surrounding the tumor area, and the biological effects of these low IR doses remain largely undetermined. Our overall goal was to investigate the effects of these low IR doses on angiogenesis, and consequently in tumor progression and metastasis. We showed that low‐dose IR induces an angiogenic response both in vitro and in vivo. Doses equal or lower than 0.8 Gy promote endothelial cell migration without causing cell cycle arrest or apoptosis, activate vascular growth factor (VEGF) receptor‐2 and upregulate the expression of VEGF. In zebrafish, low‐dose IR accelerates sprouting angiogenesis during development and enhances angiogenesis during regeneration. In mice, we showed that low‐dose IR promotes angiogenesis resulting in accelerated tumor growth and metastasis formation in a VEGFR‐dependent manner. Additionally, we demonstrated that low‐dose IR modulates the gene expression of molecular mediators involved in the angiogenic response. Our observations provide novel insights into the biological effects of low‐dose IR relevant to tumor biology, which may serve as basis for the prevention of possible tumorpromoting effects of current radiotherapy protocols. Therefore, according to our findings low‐dose IR induces angiogenesis in vivo but, there is no evidence that it produces therapeutic angiogenesis in ischemic disease patients. In the second part of this work we showed that low‐dose IR potentiates the pro‐angiogenic effect of vasoprost®, commonly used in the treatment of peripheral arterial disease treatment (PAD). Our results suggest that the combinatory use of both vasoprost® and low‐dose IR should be considered for future studies concerning its clinical therapeutic potential in pathologies such as PAD.

Organizing pneumonia (OP) is a sub-acute process of pulmonary tissue repair secondary to lung injury, defined histopathologically by intra-alveolar buds of granulation tissue within the lumen of distal pulmonary airspaces. It can be either cryptogenic or secondary (SOP) to different clinical conditions, namely infections. Despite being nonspecific, its diagnosis can be made by the association of clinical and imaging criteria. We report two cases of OP associated to SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, admitted at a Portuguese tertiary hospital unit dedicated to COVID-19. Both patients presented with severe respiratory failure with need of invasive mechanical ventilation. After initial recovery, there was worsening of dyspnea and hypoxemic respiratory failure with increase in inflammatory markers. Chest CT revealed an OP pattern. Other conditions such as superinfection, auto-immune disease and iatrogenic etiology, were excluded and corticotherapy at a dose of 1 mg/kg/day was administered. Chest CT follow up of both our patients showed complete resolution of OP pattern, with mild to moderate residual pulmonary fibrosis without honeycombing. There is no OP to SARS-CoV-2 case series yet published describing the progress of patients after corticotherapy, although the association between systemic corticosteroids and lower all-cause mortality in patients with COVID-19 has been recently established. It is possible that, as has been described with other viruses, OP secondary to SARS-CoV-2 represents an immunological process after initial infection, presenting with elevation of inflammatory markers and cytokines storm in the bloodstream and lung tissue, which may explain the favorable response to corticosteroids.

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A) plays an essential role in tumor-associated angiogenesis, exerting its biological activity by binding and activating membrane receptors, as vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 and 2 (VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2). In this study, serum VEGF-A, VEGFR-1, and VEGFR-2 levels were quantified in 50 cats with mammary carcinoma and 14 healthy controls. The expression of these molecules in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and in cancer cells was evaluated and compared with its serum levels. Results obtained showed that serum VEGF-A levels were significantly higher in cats with HER2-positive and Triple Negative (TN) Normal-Like subtypes, when compared to control group (p = 0.001, p = 0.020). Additionally, serum VEGFR-1 levels were significantly elevated in cats presenting luminal A, HER2-positive and TN Normal-Like tumors (p = 0.011, p = 0.048, p = 0.006), as serum VEGFR-2 levels (p = 0.010, p = 0.046, p = 0.005). Moreover, a positive interaction was found between the expression of VEGF-A, VEGFR-1, and VEGFR-2 in TILs and their serum levels (p = 0.002, p = 0.003, p = 0.003). In summary, these findings point to the usefulness of VEGF-A and its serum receptors assessment in clinical evaluation of cats with HER2-positive and TN Normal-Like tumors, suggesting that targeted therapies against these molecules may be effective for the treatment of these animals, as described in human breast cancer.

Background: Skin rash and diarrhoea are known side-effects of pertuzumab. Studies with other anti-HER2 agents suggested that adverse events correlate with patient outcomes. In this exploratory cohort of patients with metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer included in the CLEOPATRA trial we evaluated the value of rash and diarrhoea as prognostic markers and as predictors of pertuzumab benefit. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of the multicenter, prospective, randomised CLEOPATRA trial. We defined two analytic cohorts: cohort 1 (C1) included patients from treatment initiation, and cohort 2 (C2) included patients after discontinuation of docetaxel. A landmark analysis was introduced to deal with immortal-time bias. Study endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used. Results: Of the 808 patients and after application of the landmark analysis, C1 and C2 included 777 and 518 patients, respectively. In C1, rash occurred in 271 patients (34.9%) and diarrhoea in 470 (60.5%). Rash was prognostic for PFS and OS (C1: adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 0.66 [95% CI = 0.48-0.91], p = 0.010]; C2: aHR 0.52 [95% CI = 0.30-0.89], p = 0.018) in both cohorts, while diarrhoea was only prognostic for PFS in cohort 2 (aHR = 0.65 [95% CI = 0.46-0.91], p = 0.011). Rash and diarrhoea were not predictive of pertuzumab benefit (in terms of PFS/OS) in the two cohorts. Conclusions: In patients treated with pertuzumab, trastuzumab, and docetaxel, rash is prognostic whenever it occurs during treatment, while diarrhoea only has prognostic value when occurring after docetaxel discontinuation. However, neither rash nor diarrhoea predict pertuzumab benefit.

The complexity of the sustainability challenge demands for collaboration between different actors, be they governments, businesses, or grassroots movements, at all levels. Nevertheless, and according to previous research, many tensions and obstacles to partnership still exist and results are far from meaningful. By investigating potential synergies, our purpose is to define a sustainability framework to promote better collaboration between community-based initiatives and local governments, in the context of transformation. Specifically, the research aim presented in this paper is to harvest learnings from existing collaborative experiments at the municipal level. As a starting point and using exploratory literature review concerning areas like policy (e.g., public administration) or business and management research, we propose a ‘Compass for Collaborative Transformation’. This heuristic device can support the study of these sustainability experiments. We also introduce a method to map the governance imprint of these collaborations and to provide a ‘proxy’ of transformative efforts. We then present and discuss results from 71 surveyed cases happening in 16 countries in America and Europe, comparing distinctive frameworks involved. Finally, we consider the preconditions of a framework to improve these local collaborations—namely the capacity to support joint navigation through transformative efforts, facing high levels of uncertainty and complexity—and present ongoing efforts to codesign a new sustainability framework.

The social solidarity economy is an approach to the production and consumption of goods, services and knowledge that promises to address contemporary economic, social and environmental crises more effectively than business as usual. The paper employs the concept of commons ecologies to examine the practices, relationships and interactions among actors and organisations in the social solidarity economy, as well as between them and the mainstream economy, which shape the field and its degree of autonomy in relation to capitalism, through a process defined as boundary commoning. Such process shapes both local and regional commons ecologies, as well as the participation of local and regional actors in wider networks at national, international and global levels. The paper takes a case study‐based approach to identify practices, relationships and interactions of commons ecologies in relation to selected community‐led initiatives in the UK, Portugal, Brazil and Senegal. Each case study illuminates different qualities of local/regional commons ecologies and their forms of engagement with wider networks. Further, the paper shows that these cases demonstrate how the social solidarity economy may facilitate delivery of the Sustainable Development Goals in a distinctive way. In each case, SSE acts as a vehicle for expressing participants' values and principles consistent with those underlying the SDGs. Local implementation of SDGs is thus an in‐built feature of these commons ecologies. The participation of community‐led initiatives in international and global networks offers opportunities to learn from local level experiences and successes, potentially strengthening SDG implementation more generally.

Extreme climatic events, such as heat waves, may induce changes in nutrient acquisition by omnivorous ectotherms. Likely modulated by the intensity, frequency and duration of these events, dietary shifts during heat waves may threaten the stability of freshwaters. We investigated the effects of heat wave duration on diet assimilation and life-history traits of the freshwater gastropod Radix balthica. We compared the magnitude of the effects of a short (1 week) and a long heat wave (7 weeks) on the assimilation of animal- and plant-based diets, measuring performance in terms of growth rate and reproduction. We hypothesized that heat waves should increase the proportion of plant material assimilated on the mixed diet and change the performance of snails on the animal and plant-based diets. Both heat waves increased the assimilation of plant material on the mixed diet and growth rate, with minor negative effects on reproduction. However, responses were disproportional to heat wave duration, as the short heat wave elicited swift and relatively stronger responses. Our findings showcase the role of phenotypic plasticity in aiding ectotherms to cope with increased thermal stress and acclimate. Temporarily changing the strength of trophic interactions, heat waves may alter community dynamics in freshwater habitats.