RCAAP Repository

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A new way of seeing images may be immersing themselves in our imagination: a cadence of images whose speed is greater with each passing day and which, combined with the amount of contradictory information presented to us, forms a new, vertical, dizzying perspective, the perspective of an infinite scroll. “Freefall” is the way Hito Steyerl (2011) refers to this lack or constant subversion of reference systems. In turn, Benoit Mandelbrot argues that, through the perception of fractal objects, in anything apparently chaotic, order can be found. Having as main premises the theories of these two authors, this work intends to interpret the new forms of perception brought by technology, to understand what impact this perspective may have on art, specifically on cinema. To this end, several contemporary works from different areas are analyzed in the light of these proposals. In the practical project, I intend to show, through a film, an interpretation of what the contemporary perspective could be. The internet, images, information, are increasingly spatialized and cover our space and everyday life, where they are increasingly incorporated. Not only physically, through the physical presence of screens of images or technology, but also through the human imagination that I believe is increasingly complex in layers of images, information and interpretations in their daily lives. In this film, the images are everywhere, they share the physical reality with the character and, what before could have only one reading, now has infinite layers of hidden reading, complexified by fractals. Space hides images

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Não obstante o crescente interesse e debate académico em torno da temática das migrações pós-reforma, pouco está ainda explorado no que se refere aos seus impactes no processo de revitalização e desenvolvimento local dos territórios. Num contexto em que as áreas rurais, pelas amenidades que as caracterizam, atraem fluxos cada vez maiores de pensionistas estrangeiros, é de assinalar a inexistência, a nível nacional, de um estudo que aborde o fenómeno da migração internacional de aposentados em áreas de baixa densidade. A dissertação apresentada procura, desta forma, examinar tendências, caracterizando os pensionistas que realizam estes movimentos, bem como discutir o seu potencial contributo para a revitalização e desenvolvimento económico e social das áreas de baixa densidade do Algarve (ABDA). Neste último ponto, a análise focar-se-á em dois aspectos de particular relevância – contributo directo para a economia local e atracção de investimento. O enquadramento geral do tema fundamenta-se em dados disponibilizados pelo Instituto Nacional de Estatística, bem como pelo Serviço de Estrangeiros e Fronteiras; a análise empírica dos resultados tem por base a aplicação de um inquérito aos migrantes pós-reforma residentes em ABDA. Partindo destes recursos de investigação, o estudo sugere a relevância destes pensionistas como elementos susceptíveis de impulsionar o processo de desenvolvimento local em áreas fracamente povoadas e economicamente débeis, particularmente no que se refere a padrões de consumo e estímulo do mercado de trabalho (principalmente actividades domésticas). Para além disso, a investigação aponta ainda para a necessidade de identificar, relacionando com o ponto anterior, diferentes perfis de aposentados estrangeiros. Finalmente, são esboçadas algumas reflexões, no sentido de se induzir e potenciar as dinâmicas positivas resultantes da mobilidade internacional de reformados.

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Background: Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic immune mediated disease associated with deregulation of many cell types. It has been reported that different T cell subsets have opposite effects in disease pathogenesis, in particular Th17 and Treg cells. Methodology and Findings: We investigated whether non-depleting anti-CD4 monoclonal antibodies, which have been reported as pro-tolerogenic, can lead to protection from chronic autoimmune arthritis in SKG mice – a recently described animal model of RA – by influencing the Th17/Treg balance. We found that non-depleting anti-CD4 prevented the onset of chronic autoimmune arthritis in SKG mice. Moreover, treated mice were protected from the induction of arthritis up to 60 days following anti-CD4 treatment, while remaining able to mount CD4-dependent immune responses to unrelated antigens. The antibody treatment also prevented disease progression in arthritic mice, although without leading to remission. Protection from arthritis was associated with an increased ratio of Foxp3, and decreased IL-17 producing T cells in the synovia. In vitro assays under Th17-polarizing conditions showed CD4-blockade prevents Th17 polarization, while favoring Foxp3 induction. Conclusions: Non-depleting anti-CD4 can therefore induce long-term protection from chronic autoimmune arthritis in SKG mice through reciprocal changes in the frequency of Treg and Th17 cells in peripheral tissues, thus shifting the balance towards immune tolerance.

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